The HTR/VHTR Project in Framatome ANP
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1 The HTR/VHTR Project in Framatome ANP Framatome ANP Dominique HITTNER HTR-VHTR Project R&D manager Framatome ANP Framatome ANP
2 The reference concept of ANTARES programme: a flexible heat source for heat supply, electricity production or cogeneration Framatome ANP Framatome ANP
3 Base options of the Framatome ANP design Reactor Vessel IHX vessel Crossduct Vessel ANTARES 3Framatome ANP 3
4 Indirect combined cycle Same efficiency as direct cycle (~ 48%) Minimises the development risks (vessel (t + pressure) + turbo-machine) Simplifies the turbomachine maintenance Focuses the innovation effort on the IHX, which anyway has to be developed for heat applications Flexibility for testing different types of applications (e.g. supercritical CO 2 cycle,heat applications, including H 2 production, etc) due to the decoupling with the reactor Plate IHX (back-up tubular) Compactness and efficiency, but a real development challenge; FANP is at the same time investigating 3 different designs ANTARES Indirect cycle 4Framatome ANP 4
5 Arrangement for Electricity and Hydrogen Cogeneration He N 2 + He HT isolation valve 925 C 600MWt core 1000 C IHX 950 C He H2 process temperature 875 C 50 MWt Circulator Nuclear Heat Source NHS Condenser Steam Cycle S.G. Turbocompressor ANTARES Steam turbines Power Conversion System PCS 5Framatome ANP 5
6 The reactor TRISO fuel Prismatic fuel elements Annular core to make the largest use of inherent safety features fuel leaktightness, ANTARES thermal inertia, strongly negative temperature coefficient Passive heat removal 6Framatome ANP 6
7 Performance objectives Power: as high as compatible with inherent safety features, likely in the range of 600 MWth, Reactor outlet temperature: as high as reasonably possible for a near term deployment, likely to be at least 850 C, Costs: as low as possible (construction, operation and maintenance, dismantling), Burn-up: optimised for making the fuel cycle cost effective while keeping compatibility with inherent safety features (most likely not exceeding ~ 150 GWd/tHM), to meet the licensing criteria in US, Europe and if possible worldwide, thanks to an effort of internationalisation of the safety assessment principles 7Framatome ANP 7
8 Framatome ANP Project integrating work Internal FANP Activities Reactor Engineering Fuel Plant Engineering Safety Approach R&D Calculation Tools & Methods Fuel Design & manufacturing Materials Vessel, IHX... Components IHX, Ducts, Valves Helium Technology Past Experience in Germany AVR, THTR PNP, HTR-Modul Projects KVK Test Facility (FANP, Jülich...) CEA R&D support programme Calculation Tools & Methods Fuel Technology Materials Helium Technology Test Facilities EC Contracts FP5: reactor physics, Fuel technology materials, components safety approach FP6: one large integrated project Technology Supply HTR-10 China PBMR South Africa EDF Collaboration PCS Optimization HTE Process O&M DOE/Minatom GT-MHR Programme Support of Conceptual Design 8Framatome ANP 8
9 Technical team managers V/HTR Project Organization General Manager Scientific Advisor Economics & Finance Management & Quality Technical Coordination NGNP Project Commercial Project R&D Coordination Licensing analysis and engineering Waste disposal and Fuel cycle back end Primary Systems Fuel I & C, Electrical Equipment Auxiliary Systems Process studies General requirements and general studies Layout and civil engineering The Framatome ANP HTR/VHTR ANTARES project is an international project 9Framatome ANP 9
10 The R&D support programme Framatome ANP Framatome ANP
11 The R&D programme (1/2) Development and qualification of computer tools Core physics (coupled neutronic and thermo-fluid dynamics tools) Fuel performance Transient analysis Graphite oxidation Seismic analysis of a block stack Fuel technology (fabrication and behaviour in operating and accident conditions) Material development Vessel material High temperature metallic materials Graphite Composites Characterisation Behaviour under irradiation Oxidation 11Framatome ANP 11
12 The R&D programme (2/2) Helium technologies Purification Interaction with He impurities Tribology Component development IHX Circulator Need to develop test facilities Irradiation facilities (in OSIRIS, HFR) Oxidation facilities (CEA, FZJ) Helium test benches... Dedicated test facilities (impure He chemistry, He leak tightness of seals, insulation performance, purification, tribometer...) Large integral test facility: HELITE loop developed in Cadarache, starting in Framatome ANP 12
13 CEA Cadarache Vertically GSP device CEA Grenoble CVD furnace Fuel fabrication ZrCl 4 equipment for ZrC coating UO 2 kernels TRISO Buffer/IPyC/SiC/OPyC layers GAIA facility under construction in CEA Cadarache + Compacting facility from CERCA 1 st UO 2 TRISO fuel re-fabricated in Europe in st irradiation in OSIRIS in 2007 ZrC coating first tests 13Framatome ANP 13
14 A few facilities in CEA Cadarache COMETHE Facility Helium Tribometer 14Framatome ANP 14
15 HELITE technological loop 1 MW Pressurizer HT Test section IHX Qualification 1 MW Heater 1000 C MT Test section 450 C 400 C IHX HT Test section 950 C Helium P = 50 to75 bar Q=0,3 to 0,4 kg/s 400 C Récupérator 150 C 100 C >400 C HT Cooler 500 C Recuperator N2 + Helium P = 50 to 75 bar LT Cooler HP 50 C LP Circulator Filter POLLUHE HEPUR LT Cooler 150 C Circulator Filter 50 C 100 C PURIF HPC-CP Helium primary circuit HPC-CC Mix gas secondary circuit HP LP Cadarache, Framatome ANP 15
16 Framatome ANP has initiated a 3 Year IHX Development Program Primary Outlet Secondary Inlet Test Module Secondary Outlet Primary Inlet Gas flowmeter Filters Valves Air reheater Framatome/HEATRIC IHX Test Module Framatome ANP Test Loop with Framatome/HEATRIC Element 16Framatome ANP 16
17 Behaviour of high temperature materials in He environment: the Framatome-ANP loop He Mixer 1 Graphite furnace Mixer 2 He+H 2 He+H 2 He+CO He+CO He+CH 4 He+CH 4 He+CO 2 He+CO 2 He+(O 2 ou N 2 ) He+(O 2 ou N 2 ) Premixed bottles H 2 O#4 C Analysis system : Gas Chromato Cryo -105 C Cryostat Water getter Dew point mirror hygrometer Flow control. Oxygen sensor T A G Thermobalance (8OOH at 800 C ) Flow mass controller 17Framatome ANP 17
18 Vessel material: Mod. 9Cr1Mo development Behaviour under irradiation: PIE of HFR irradiation just finished no significant impact of irradiation on base material and thick weldment Welding development (FANP) GTAW SAW Initial GTAW testing: hot cracking SMAW Varestraint Tests (CEA) 18Framatome ANP 18
19 An overview of the Framatome ANP + CEA + EdF HTR/VHTR programme Total 2004 HTR-VHTR budget (FANP + CEA + EdF) ~ 32 M /y Total 2004 R&D effort (FANP + CEA + EdF) ~ 20 M /y Total 2004 Framatome ANP budget ~ 20 M /y Framatome ANP is committed to develop HTR/VHTR till industrial deployment and is leading the programme performed with its partners But the FANP/CEA/EdF partnership cannot do it alone! Importance of the R&D in the present phase Need of international cooperation (Europe, GEN IV...) 19Framatome ANP 19
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