Biochemical Conversion Process of Producing Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass
|
|
- Darleen Ariel Harrell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Microbial Resource Technology, Vol.1, No.1, Original research paper Abstract Biochemical Conversion Process of Producing Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Seema Devi, Meenakshi Suhag, Anil Dhaka and Joginder Singh* Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology A.I. Jat H.M. College, Rohtak , Haryana, INDIA. *Corresponding author: Accepted 16 November 2011, Available online 27 January, 2012 The use of bioethanol can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, while at the same time decreasing net emissions of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas. However, large-scale production of bioethanol is being increasingly criticized for its use of food sources as raw material. Bioethanol from cellulosic biomass materials (such as agricultural residues, trees, and grasses) is made by first using pretreatment and hydrolysis processes to extract sugars, followed by fermentation of the sugars. Brazil's bioethanol production consumes large quantities of sugar cane, while in the USA, corn is used. Other starch-rich grains, such as wheat and barley, are mostly used in Europe. The use of such sugar-rich biomass causes the escalation of food prices, owing to competition on the market. Therefore, future expansion of biofuel production must be increasingly based on bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials, such as agricultural byproducts, forest residues, industrial waste streams or energy crops. These feedstock s, which are being used in second-generation (2G) bioethanol production, are abundant, and their cost is lower than that of food crops. In Europe, wheat straw has the greatest potential of all agricultural residues because of its wide availability and low cost. Proper pretreatment methods can increase concentrations of fermentable sugars after enzymatic saccharification, thereby improving the efficiency of the whole process. Conversion of glucose as well as xylose to ethanol needs some new fermentation technologies, to make the whole process cost effective. Researchers are working to improve the efficiency and economics of the cellulosic bioethanol production process. In this review, available technologies for bioethanol production from agricultural wastes are discusses. Key words: Ethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Cellulase, Pretreatment Technologies, Biofuels, Fermentation 1. Introduction Bioethanol is the most widely used biofuel today. Cellulosic biomass, a second generation biofuel feedstock, are one of the fastest growing feedstock for biofuels (especially ethanol), and present one of the most exciting possibilities as a future solution to our energy problems, especially that of transportation fuel (Balat et al., 2011). Plant biomass contains approximately 75% polysaccharides, a rich source of sugars. Production of ethanol from this biomass (which is no different from that produced from first generation processes) by fermentation is, however, significantly more complicated than its production from first generation feedstock s such as sugarcane/beet and starch crops such as wheat grain. According to the International Energy Agency, second-generation biofuels are not yet produced commercially, but a considerable number of pilot and demonstration plants have been announced or set up in recent years, with research activities taking place mainly in North America, Europe and a few emerging countries (e.g. Brazil, China, India and Thailand) (International Energy Agency, 2010). The terms first, second and third generation can be used in the contexts of both feedstock s and processes. For instance, corn, cane and maize represent first generation ethanol feedstocks, and fermentation represents first generation ethanol production process. Similarly, Switch grass is one of the popular second generation ethanol feedstocks, 28
2 while the production of cellulosic ethanol represents the second generation process for ethanol. Bioethanol from agricultural waste could be a promising technology though the process has several challenges and limitations such as biomass transport and handling, and efficient pretreatment methods for total delignification of lignocellulosics (Prasad et al., 2007). To efficiently utilize lignocellulosic products, pretreatment is required to hydrolyze the hemicelluloses to make the celluloses more accessible to the enzymes. 2. Biochemical Conversion Process 2.1 Pretreatment The purpose of the pretreatment step is to further increase the surface area of the lignocellulosic material, disrupt the structure of the lignocellulose such that the cellulose component is accessible to hydrolyzing agents and reduce the crystallinity of the cellulose to further facilitate hydrolysis. Depending on the nature of the pretreatment technology selected, this step can also include solubilization of the lignin or the hemicellulose component. Various pretreatment options are available now to fractionate, solubilize, hydrolyze and separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin components. These include physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological pretreatment (Avira et al., 2010). Consequently, the pretreatment process represents a significant cost element of the whole lignocellulosic bioethanol process. 2.2 Feedstock Size Reduction Before pretreatment, the first stage in the production of ethanol from biomass is cleaning followed by mechanical comminution combines chipping, grinding, and milling to break the lignocellulosic materials down to 0.2 to 2 mm and reduce the crystallinity of the materials (Mosier et al., 2005). Size reduction is necessary to provide pumpable slurry and to increase the biomass surface area so that mass transfer effects are minimized during the downstream processes. Techniques for size reduction include hammer, disk and knife milling and are well established (Taherzadeh and Karimi, 2008). 2.3 Hydrolysis In the hydrolysis reaction, the complex chains of sugars that make up the hemi-cellulose are broken, releasing simple sugars. The complex hemi-cellulose sugars are converted to a mix of soluble five-carbon sugars, xylose and arabinose, and soluble six-carbon sugars, mannose and galactose. The rest of hemicelluloses are degraded to weak acids, furan derivates, and phenolics. These compounds, however, are potential fermentation inhibitors. By the action of dilute acids, concentrated acids, and/or enzymes (Cellulase), the glucose yields of cellulose hydrolysis often exceed 90%, but hydrolysis without preceding pretreatment yields typically less than 20% only (Sun and Cheng, 2002). The cellulose hydrolysis reactions can be simply represented as: (C 5 H 8 O 4 )n + n H 2 O n (C 5 H 10 O 5 ) (C 6 H 10 O 5 )n + n H 2 O n (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) The pretreated feedstock can be hydrolysed by two methods (Acid hydrolysis and Enzyme hydrolysis). 2.4 Acid hydrolysis In the past various acid hydrolysis technologies have been developed. The different acid hydrolysis technologies can be divided into two broad categories: i) hydrolysis with concentrated acid at low temperatures; ii) hydrolysis with dilute acid at high temperatures (Brodeur et al., 2011). Acid hydrolysis technologies have a long industrial history but lead to high operating costs and various environmental and corrosion problems. Dilute acid hydrolysis- The dilute acid process is conducted under high temperature and pressure and has a reaction time at a scale of up to minutes, facilitating continuous processing. Concentrated acid hydrolysis- The concentrated acid process uses relatively mild conditions, with a much longer reaction time. 2.5 Enzyme hydrolysis Another basic method of hydrolysis is enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymes are naturally occurring plant proteins that cause certain chemical reactions to occur. Enzymatic hydrolysis is not commercialized yet but is recognized to be the most promising hydrolysis technology. A reduction of the cost of ethanol production can be achieved by reducing the cost of either the raw materials or the cellulase enzymes. Reducing the cost of cellulase enzyme production is a key issue in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials (Kuila et al., 2011). Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is usually 29
3 carried out by cellulase enzymes. During hydrolysis, cellulose is degraded into the reducing sugars that can be fermented by yeasts or bacteria to ethanol (Duff and Murray, 1996; Carlos et al., 2009). 3. Fermentation Process The fermentation of, hydrolyzed product, glucose into ethanol can be carried out using a biocatalyst, called Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast or Zymomonas mobilis bacteria. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species have the ability to utilize a wide range of hexoses such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, maltose and maltotriose to produce a high yield of ethanol. The fermenting of the biomass is conducted under standard fermenting conditions and will utilize all the major biomass (Mussatto and Teixeira, 2010). Yeasts are minute, often unicellular, fungi. The yeasts used are typically brewers' yeasts. Examples of yeast capable of fermenting the decaying biomass include, but are not limited to, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces uvarum. Non-Sacharomyces yeasts, also known as non-conventional yeasts, are also used to make a number of commercial products. Some examples of non-conventional yeasts include Kuyberomyces lactis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris (Kuhad et al., 2010). Microorganisms other than yeast can also be useful in making fermentation products. For example, cellulosic ethanol production also utilizes fungi and bacteria. Examples of these cellulolytic fungi include Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma viride. One example of a bacteria used in cellulosic ethanol production is Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium cellulovorans and Clostridium Ijungdahlii. Mid- to long-term technology under development are expected to improve the fermentation efficiency of the organism, producing higher yields in less time, and an organism requiring less detoxification of the hydrolysate. This process has the advantage of being able to maintain a much higher cell density in the fermentor, thereby increasing ethanol productivity (Begum and Alimon, 2011) 4. Distillation Separation of ethanol from the fermentation solution refers to the stage in which once ethanol begins to form during fermentation, it is isolated from the fermentation solution. The fermentation solution is likely to contain water, ethanol, and the remaining biomass. Distillation was one of the earliest separation techniques used by alchemists and pharmacists. And, generally, distillation, along with chromatography and filtration, is still considered to be a key method of separating and purifying substances. The separated ethanol, which will generally not be fuel-grade, can be concentrated to fuel grade (at least 95% ethanol by volume) via a second distillation (Wyman et al., 2005) A process for producing and recovering light alcohols, particularly ethanol, alcohol mixtures containing ethanol, and ABE mixtures (alcohol mixtures containing acetone, ethanol and butanol ), using a combination of steps including fermentation, first membrane separation, dephlegmation and dehydration by second membrane separation. 5. Ethanol Production Cost The cost of ethanol production and its value depends on plant location, feedstock, production scale, and end use. It also depends on the availability of feedstock, plant location, feedstock transportation cost, method of pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation techniques and ethanol market price. Currently, the most important feedstock for the production of ethanol is sugarcane juice in Brazil and corn in the USA. Other starch-rich grains, such as wheat and barley, are mostly used in Europe. Most of the ethanol produced from North America is from cereal grains such as corn and wheat. Improvements in pretreatment processes and breakthrough in enzyme technology will have an impact on the competitive industrial production of fuel ethanol in processes such as continuous process without or with cell recycling. Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation, utilization of immobilized cells, etc. enable higher yield of ethanol and reactor productivity (Kosaric et al., 1981). Economic conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol will also reduce the production cost that can be achieved by making ethanol fermentation process faster, particularly xylose fermentation, reducing the formation of by-products and developing genetically engineered yeasts to produce various high-value byproducts (Ho et al.,1999; Mukherjee et al., 2010; Joshi et al., 2011). 6. Conclusion and Future Direction Ethanol costs could be reduced dramatically if efforts to produce ethanol from biomass are successful. Biomass materials, including forest residue, agricultural residue, energy crops, are abundant and relatively inexpensive, and they are expected to lower 30
4 the cost of producing ethanol and provide stability to supply and price. Biomass has to be fractionated into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and the integration of the process byproducts will lead to economically feasible production of ethanol (Badger, 2002). Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose appears to have the most potential for achieving the goals, but substantial reductions in the cost of producing cellulase enzymes and improvements in the fermentation of non-glucose sugars to ethanol still are needed. In order to maximize the ethanol yield from lignocellulosic feedstock s it is essentially required that the hemicellulose fraction must be utilized along with the cellulose in order to obtain an economically viable conversion technology. The efficient pretreatment/hydrolysis process for the recovery of maximum amount of fermentable sugars (hexose and pentose) with the minimum or no toxic chemicals is the major challenge and requires advance biotechnological approaches to conquer this problem (Singh et al., 2011).Cellulosic ethanol is a nascent field today, but has enormous potential for the future. The pay-offs are big, and so are the challenges. Researchers are working to improve the efficiency and economics of the cellulosic bioethanol production process. Companies that make an early start in this field stand a chance of reaping significant benefits in future. References Avira, P., Tomas-Pejeo, E. and Ballesteross, M.J. (2010). Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresource Technol. 101(13): Badger, P.C. (2002). Ethanol from cellulose: A general review. Trends new crops new uses Begum, M.F and Alimon A.R. (2011). Bioconversion and saccharification of some lignocellulosic wastes by Aspergillus oryzae ITCC for fermentable sugar production. Elect. J. Biotechnol. 14( 5):1-9. Balat, M. (2011). Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathways: a review, Energy Cons. Management. 52: Brodeur, G., Yau, E., Badal, K., Collier J, Ramachandran, K.B. and Ramakrishnan, S., (2011). Chemical and physicochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: a Review. Enz. Research., Carlos, A., Cardona, Óscar, J., Sánchez. and Luis, F.G. (2009). Process synthesis for fuel ethanol production. Biotechnol Bioprocess Duff, S.J.B. and Murray, W.D (1996). Bioconversion of forest products industry waste cellulosics to fuel ethanol - a review. Bioresouce. Technol., 55: Gong, C.S., Cao, N.U. and Tsao, G.T. (1999). Ethanol production by renewable sources. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 65: Ho, N.W.Y., Chen, Z., Brainard. and Sedlak, M (1999). Successful design and development of genetically engineered Saccharomyces yeasts for effective co fermentation of glucose and xylose from cellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol. In: Advances in Biochem. Engg. 65: International Energy Agency, Sustainable Production of Second Generation Bio-Fuels: Potential and Perspectives in Major Economies and Developing Countries Joshi, B., Bhatt, M.R, Sharma, D., Joshi, J., Malla, R. and Sreerama, L. (2011). Lignocellulosic ethanol production: Current practices and recent developments. Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Review. 6(8): Kosaric, N., Duvnjak, Z. and Stewart, Z.Z. (1981). Fuel ethanol from biomass: production, economics and energy. Adv. Biochem. Engg., 20: Kuhad, R.C., Gupta, R., Khasa, Y.P. and Singh, A. (2010). Bioethanol production from Lantana camara (red sage): Pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation. Bioresource. Technol., 101: Kuila, A,, Mukhopadhyay, M., Tulia, T.K.. and Banerjee, R. (2011). Production of ethanol from lignocellulosics: An enzymatic overview.. Exclusive J. 10: Singh, L.K.., Chaudhary, G., Majumder, C.B. and Ghosh, S. (2011). Utilization of hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomaterial for bioethanol production. Adv. App. Sci. Res.2 (5): Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y.Y., Holtzapple, M. and Ladisch, M. (2005). Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource. Technol., 96: Mukherjee, S., Das, P., Giri, S.R.B., Satpute, D., Chakrabarti, T. and Pandey, A. (2010). Commercializing lignocellulosic bioethanol: technology bottlenecks and possible remedies. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 4: Mussatto, S.I and Teixeira, J.A. (2010). Lignocellulose as raw material in fermentation 31
5 process. Curr. Res. Technol. Edu. Topics App. Microbial Biotechnol. A. Mendez-Vilas (Ed.)., Prasad, S., Singh, A. and Joshi, H.C. (2007). Ethanol as an alternative fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues.res. Conservation Recycling. 50: Sun, Y. and Cheng, J. (2002). Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresource. Technol. 83:1-11. Taherzadeh, M.J. and Karimi, K. (2008). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9: Wyman, C.E., Dale, B.E., Elander, R.T., Holtzapple, M., Ladisch, M.R., Lee, Y. (2005). Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies. Bioresource. Technol. 96:
Conversion of Corn-Kernel Fiber in Conventional Fuel-Ethanol Plants
Conversion of Corn-Kernel Fiber in Conventional Fuel-Ethanol Plants Executive Summary National Corn to Ethanol Research Center Ethanol derived from corn-kernel fiber is qualified as cellulosic biofuel
More informationBiomass production approximately 2x10 11 Mt per annum, of which between 8 and 20x10 9 Mt is potentially accessible for processing.
Plant biomass as source of renewable fuel, Cellulose, hemicellulose lignin degrading and bioethanol producing microorganisms. Technology, prospect, pros and cons to use biomass for production of bioalcohol,
More information2.2 Conversion Platforms
2.2 Conversion Platforms The strategic goal of the conversion element is to develop technologies for converting feedstocks into cost-competitive commodity liquid fuels, like ethanol, as well as bioproducts
More informationThe Next Generation of Biofuels
The Next Generation of Biofuels Ocean the final frontier What are biofuels? Why Biofuels! The Industry Pros and Cons By definition, a biofuel is a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel produced from non fossil
More informationThe effect of acid pretreatment on bio-ethanol and bio-hydrogen production from sunflower straw
nd International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management The effect of acid pretreatment on bio-ethanol and bio-hydrogen production from sunflower straw G. Antonopoulou 1, G. Dimitrellos 1, D.
More informationImprovements in Bioethanol Production Process from Straw
Improvements in Bioethanol Production Process from Straw Heike Kahr,*, Alexander G. Jäger Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences Research and Development Ltd, Campus Wels Stelzhamerstrasse, A- Wels,
More informationChallenges of Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Challenges of Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Maha Dakar Varieties of Carbohydrates Sugar Starch Cellulose/Hemicellulose What All Plants Have in Common Cellulose Glucose Why is it difficult
More informationEthanol From Cellulose: A General Review
Reprinted from: Trends in new crops and new uses. 2002. J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.). ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. Ethanol From Cellulose: A General Review P.C. Badger INTRODUCTION The use of ethanol
More informationBiofuel production using total sugars from lignocellulosic materials. Diego Alonso Zarrin Fatima Szczepan Bielatowicz Oda Kamilla Eide
Biofuel production using total sugars from lignocellulosic materials Diego Alonso Zarrin Fatima Szczepan Bielatowicz Oda Kamilla Eide scope of the presentation 1. Available lignocellulosic materials 2.
More informationANALYSIS OF FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESSES USING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AND STARCH AS FEEDSTOCKS
ANALYSIS OF FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESSES USING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AND STARCH AS FEEDSTOCKS C.A. Cardona *, O.J. Sánchez *,**, M.I. Montoya *, J.A. Quintero * * Department of Chemical Engineering,
More informationRESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA 2011 Number 31 OZONE PRETREATMENT OF WHEAT STRAW AND ITS EFFECT ON REDUCING SUGARS IN
More informationto-wheels Graduate Enterprise: Bioprocessing Initiatives
A Wood-to to-wheels Graduate Enterprise: Bioprocessing Initiatives David R. Shonnard Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 Presentation to MEDC and Other
More informationFermentation of pretreated source separated organic (SSO) waste for ethanol production by different bacteria
Fermentation of pretreated source separated organic (SSO) waste for ethanol production by different bacteria by Bekmuradov Valeriy, Luk Grace and Luong Robin Ryerson University Toronto, Canada Montreal,
More informationTHERMOPHILIC ENZYMES FOR BIOMASS CONVERSION
Bioenergy- II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources THERMOPHILIC ENZYMES FOR BIOMASS CONVERSION Dr. Francesco La Cara Institute of Protein Biochemistry C.N.R. Naples - Italy THERMOPHILIC ENZYMES
More informationComparison of Laboratory and Industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains for Their Inhibitor Resistance and Xylose Utilization
Comparison of Laboratory and Industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains for Their Inhibitor Resistance and Xylose Utilization Geng Anli*, Wang Zhankun, Lai Kok Soon and Tan Wei Yi Mark, Goh Kiow Leng
More informationCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT PRETREATMENT METHODS ON DEGRADATION OF RYE STRAW
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT PRETREATMENT METHODS ON DEGRADATION OF RYE STRAW Marti Tutt, Timo Kikas, Juri Olt Estonian University of Life Sciences marti.tutt@emu.ee Abstract. This article investigates the
More informationOptimization and improvement of bio-ethanol production processes
Optimization and improvement of bio-ethanol production processes Dr. Kang Qian Prof. Jan Baeyens Date: 17/03/2017 Contents 1. Characteristics and worldwide potential 2. The uses of bio-ethanol 3. Bio-ethanol
More informationTechnical Barriers in Converting Lignocellulose to ethanol. Samson Hailemichael Introduction to Green Chemistry (CHEM 0671) Dec.
Technical Barriers in Converting Lignocellulose to ethanol Samson Hailemichael Introduction to Green Chemistry (CHEM 0671) Dec. 15, 2009 Outline Introduction Benefits Drawbacks Conventional process Pretreatment
More informationIntroduction to BIOFUELS. David M. Mousdale. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York
Introduction to BIOFUELS David M. Mousdale CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business Contents Preface Acknowledgments
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report 280 COMPENDIUM OF LEADING BIOETHANOL TECHNOLOGIES (December 2011)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 280 COMPENDIUM OF LEADING BIOETHANOL TECHNOLOGIES (December 2011) The use of ethanol as an alternative motor fuel has been steadily increasing around the globe
More informationSummary & Conclusion
Summary & Conclusion CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS Concerns regarding the soaring cost of gasoline and the depleting petroleum reserves have led to an urge for a sustainable alternative to gasoline such
More information257. PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE FEEDSTOCK PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 39S_B_BE_075
COLLEGE BRANCH GUIDES 257. PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE FEEDSTOCK PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 39S_B_BE_075 : SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, MANGALORE : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING :
More informationProspects for the New Bioeconomy
Prospects for the New Bioeconomy By Hans P. Blaschek Professor and Director of the Center for Advanced Bioenergy Research University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences
More informationProcess Synthesis for Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using an Optimization-Based Strategy
Process Synthesis for Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using an Optimization-Based Strategy Óscar J Sánchez 1,2 Eric S Fraga 2 Carlos A Cardona 3 1 Department of Engineering, Universidad
More informationAlternative Feed-stocks for Bioconversion to Ethanol: a techno-commercial appraisal
Alternative Feed-stocks for Bioconversion to Ethanol: a techno-commercial appraisal Subhash Chand Formerly, Professor & Head: Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology
More informationPretreatment Fundamentals
Pretreatment Fundamentals Bruce E. Dale, Richard T. Elander, Mark T. Holtzapple, Rajeev Kumar, Michael R. Ladisch, Yoon Y. Lee, Nate Mosier, Jack Saddler, Mohammed Moniruzzaman, Charles E. Wyman CAFI BIO
More informationComparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover
Bioresource Technology 96 (2005) 2026 2032 Comparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover Charles E. Wyman a, *, Bruce E. Dale b,
More informationBIOMASS (TO BIOETHANOL) SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION
Proceedings of the 14 th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Rhodes, Greece, 3-5 September 2015 BIOMASS (TO BIOETHANOL) SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION DANIA K. 1, DRAKAKI
More informationApplications of Molecular Biotechnology
Applications of Molecular Biotechnology Ethanol Production from Cellulosic Biomass David R. Shonnard CM4710 Biochemical Processes November 28, 2003 Environmental Issues in Ethanol Production and Use A.J.
More informationTrash into Gas: Powering Sustainable Transportation by Plants
Trash into Gas: Powering Sustainable Transportation by Plants Jaclyn D. DeMartini Dr. Charles E. Wyman University of California Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department Center for Environmental
More informationCellulosic Biomass Chemical Pretreatment Technologies
Life-changing Research and Development Cellulosic Biomass Chemical Pretreatment Technologies September 6, 2007 Keith Pauley Keith.Pauley@matricresearch.com 800-611-2296 Chemical and Environmental Technologies
More informationEthanosolv Pretreatment of Bamboo with Dilute Acid for Efficient Enzymatic Saccharification
Ethanosolv Pretreatment of Bamboo with Dilute Acid for Efficient Enzymatic Saccharification Zhiqiang LI Ph.D. lizq@icbr.ac.cn 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology Main
More informationBy Dr S.K.PURI Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, FARIDABAD 22 nd Jan., 2016
2 nd Generation Ethanol -A Prospective- By Dr S.K.PURI Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, FARIDABAD 22 nd Jan., 2016 BIO-FUELS Fuel produced from renewable biomass material, commonly used as an
More informationOptimization of the pretreatment of wheat straw for production of bioethanol
Optimization of the pretreatment of wheat straw for production of bioethanol Eva-Lena Jakobsson Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University Abstract Bioethanol has some advantages over petrol as
More informationThomas Grotkjær Biomass Conversion, Business Development
NOVOZYMES AND BETA RENEWABLES DEPLOY WORLD CLASS CELLULOSIC ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY TO MARKET FROM BIOMASS TO BIOENERGY BIO WORLD CONGRESS, PHILADELPHIA, 13 MAY 2014 Thomas Grotkjær Biomass Conversion, Business
More informationBioethanol. CE 521 Shinnosuke Onuki
Bioethanol CE 521 Shinnosuke Onuki 1. Introduction Bioethanol A biofuel produced by the fermentation of plants rich in sugar/starch renewable resources impact on air quality due to cleaner combustion reduced
More information2G ethanol from the whole sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass
Pereira et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels (21) 8:44 DOI 1.1186/s1368-1-224- RESEARCH ARTICLE 2G ethanol from the whole sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass Open Access Sandra Cerqueira Pereira 1, Larissa
More informationSecond Generation Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Worm Tea as Pretreatment
2013 4th International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry IPCBEE vol.8 (2013) (2013) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI:.63/IPCBEE. 2013. V8. 1 Second Generation Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic
More informationThe possibility of longan tree trimming waste for the bioethanol production
Available online at www.buuconference.buu.ac.th The 5 th Burapha University International Conference 2016 Harmonization of Knowledge towards the Betterment of Society The possibility of longan tree trimming
More informationBiofuels Research at the University of Washington
Biofuels Research at the University of Washington 15 July 2008 Rick Gustafson Paper Science & Engineering College of Forest Resource University of Washington UW biofuels research agenda Vision: Cost effective
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report 252 CHEMICALS FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES (September 2004)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 252 CHEMICALS FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES (September 2004) Petrochemical hydrocarbon sources are finite and many experts suggest that they will become exhausted within
More informationSteam Pretreatment Optimisation for Sugarcane Bagasse in Bioethanol Production
Steam Pretreatment Optimisation for Sugarcane Bagasse in Bioethanol Production Johan Sendelius Master of Science Thesis 2005 Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden Abstract: Steam
More informationEvaluation of Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Process Scenarios for Austria
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS Volume 21, 2010 Editor J. J. Klemeš, H. L. Lam, P. S. Varbanov Copyright 2010, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-05-1 ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021191 1141
More informationCellulosic ethanol from agricultural residues THINK AHEAD, THINK SUNLIQUID
Cellulosic ethanol from agricultural residues THINK AHEAD, THINK SUNLIQUID Market ready and highly efficient SUNLIQUID PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSIC ETHANOL By developing sunliquid technology,
More informationProduction Of Fermentable Sugars By Dilute Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification Of Three Different Lignocellulosic Materials
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.4, No.4, pp 1497-1502, Oct-Dec 2012 Production Of Fermentable Sugars By Dilute Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification
More informationSECOND GENERATION BIOETHANOL FROM Eucalyptus globulus labill AND Nothofagus pumilio USING IONIC LIQUIDS. María Cristina Ravanal E.
SECOND GENERATION BIOETHANOL FROM Eucalyptus globulus labill AND Nothofagus pumilio USING IONIC LIQUIDS. María Cristina Ravanal E. Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería Universidad de Chile mravanal@ing.uchile.cl
More informationEffects of Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment on Enzyme Loading and Hydrolysis of Hardwood
1 Effects of Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment on Enzyme Loading and Hydrolysis of Hardwood Michael Ladisch, Youngmi Kim, Ja Kyong Ko, Tommy Kreke, Eduardo Ximenes Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering
More informationActivities in UW Forest Resources and Lignocellulosic Biorefineries
Activities in UW Forest Resources and Lignocellulosic Biorefineries Rick Gustafson, Renata Bura, Bill McKean, Sharon Doty, Brian Marquardt, Rob Synovec, Joyce Cooper 3 May 2010 U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard
More informationInfluence of harvesting time on biochemical composition and glucose yield from hemp
Agronomy Research 11 (1), 215 220, 2013 Influence of harvesting time on biochemical composition and glucose yield from hemp M. Tutt *, T. Kikas and J. Olt Institute of Technology, Estonian University of
More informationGlobal Warming. Department of Chemical Engineering
Global Warming How Can Biofuels Help? Clint Williford Department of Chemical Engineering Introduction ti Greenhouse emissions Reducing growth of GHG emissions Biofuels Why and why now? What they are? How
More informationBioethanol sources in Pakistan: A renewable energy resource
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(86), pp. 19850-19854, 30 December, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb DOI: 10.5897/AJBX11.007 ISSN 1684 5315 2011 Academic Journals Review
More informationOptimization of Controlled ph Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Corn Fiber and Stover
Optimization of Controlled ph Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Corn Fiber and Stover Nathan Mosier, Rick Hendrickson, Youngmi Kim, Meijuan Zeng, Bruce Dien, Gary Welch, Charles Wyman and Michael Ladisch
More informationBy Srinivas Reddy Kamireddy Department of Chemical Engineering University of North Dakota. Advisor Dr. Yun Ji
By Srinivas Reddy Kamireddy Department of Chemical Engineering University of North Dakota Advisor Dr. Yun Ji Outline Introduction Background Experimental procedure Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements
More informationBiomass conversion into low-cost and sustainable chemicals*
Biomass conversion into low-cost and sustainable chemicals Dr. Stephan Freyer Chemical Engineering Biotechnology Chemicals Research & Engineering BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany Foto: R. Hromniak Biomass
More informationProduction of cellulosic ethanol from wood sawdust
136 September, 2013 Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal Open access at http://www.cigrjournal.org Vol. 15, No.3 Production of cellulosic ethanol from wood sawdust J. N. Nwakaire *, S. L. Ezeoha, B. O. Ugwuishiwu
More informationDONG Energy Group. Goal - Turning from Fossil fuel to renewable energy 2020: 50/ : 15/85
Kalundborg Large Scale Demonstration Plant DONG Energy Group 2 DONG Energy Group Goal - Turning from Fossil fuel to renewable energy Today: 85/15 2020: 50/50 2050: 15/85 How? Wind Biomass = Biogas / Ethanol
More informationAgricultural Outlook Forum Presented: March 1-2, 2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Outlook Forum Presented: March 1-2, 2007 U.S. Department of Agriculture DEVELOPMENT OF CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS Chris Somerville Carnegie Institution, Stanford University Lawrence Berkeley National
More informationEnergetic application of bioethanol from biomass
6 th 12 st May 2018, Ankara ERASMUS + IESRES INNOVATIVE EUROPEAN STUDIES on RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS Energetic application of bioethanol from biomass Alessandro Di Michele NiPS Lab- Dipartimento di Fisica
More informationEffect of particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated miscanthus
Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals Proceedings Spring 6-13-2013 Effect of particle size on enzymatic
More informationBiomass for future biorefineries. Anne-Belinda Bjerre, senior scientist, ph.d.
Biomass for future biorefineries Anne-Belinda Bjerre, senior scientist, ph.d. Anne-Belinda Bjerre (Thomsen) Senior research scienist, B.Sc. Chem. Eng. Ph.d. in biotechnology 25 years of expertise within
More informationBioethanol production: from wood to fuel
Bioethanol production: from wood to fuel JM van Zyl α, LR Lynd β and TM Harms α. α Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, RSA β Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth
More informationBiomass hydrolysis and ethanol production
Chapter 10 Biomass hydrolysis and ethanol production 10.1. Introduction Efficient hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass would allow its utilization for bioethanol production. Development of technologies for
More informationENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS HIDROLIZA ENZIMATICA A BIOMASEI LIGNOCELULOZICE DIN AGRICULTURA
Lucrări ştiinţifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 42 (1) (29), Timişoara ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS HIDROLIZA ENZIMATICA A BIOMASEI LIGNOCELULOZICE DIN AGRICULTURA
More informationProduction of xylitol from biomass using an inhibitor-tolerant fungus
Production of xylitol from biomass using an inhibitor-tolerant fungus Nancy Nichols National Center USDA ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria IL USA Peoria, IL Biomass conversion
More informationEnzymatic Conversion of Biomass to Ethanol
Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass to Ethanol Alfalfa/Corn Rotations for Sustainable Cellulosic Biofuels Production June 29-30, 2010 Pioneer Hi-Bred Carver Center Johnston, IA 2 Genencor, a Danisco Division
More informationBiological Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass to Ethanol at UCR
Biological Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass to Ethanol at UCR Mirvat Ebrik Center for Environmental Research and Technology Bourns College of Engineering University of California Riverside, California
More informationCELLULOSIC BIOETHANOL FROM SUNFLOWER SEED HULLS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
STUDIA UBB AMBIENTUM, LVIII, 1-2, 2013, pp. 105-110 (RECOMMENDED CITATION) CELLULOSIC BIOETHANOL FROM SUNFLOWER SEED HULLS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE Bogdan POPESCU 1 *, Lăcrimioara ŞENILĂ 2, Cerasel VĂRĂTICEANU
More informationDuPont Cellulosic Ethanol: Sustainable, Economic, Farm-to-Fuel Solutions
DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol: Sustainable, Economic, Farm-to-Fuel Solutions May 2013 Copyright 2013 DuPont. All rights reserved. 1 DuPont Industrial Biosciences Focused growth through bioprocessing technologies
More informationMunicipal Solid Waste Used As Bioethanol Sources And Its Related Environmental Impacts
Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy Volume 13 Article 12 January 2010 Municipal Solid Waste Used As Bioethanol Sources And Its Related Environmental
More informationPRETREATMENT METHODS FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION. Alice Jeng University of Oklahoma Chemical Engineering, Class of 2013 UNICAMP, Brazil June 6, 2012
PRETREATMENT METHODS FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION Alice Jeng University of Oklahoma Chemical Engineering, Class of 2013 UNICAMP, Brazil June 6, 2012 ETHANOL PRODUCTION Ethanol can be produced from lignocellulose
More informationNordic Association of Agricultural Scientists
NJF Report Vol 3 No 4 Year 2007 Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists NJF Seminar 405 Production and Utilization of Crops for Energy Vilnius, Lithuania, 25-26 September 2007 Straw biomass potential
More informationMunicipal Solid Waste Used as Bioethanol Sources and its Related Environmental Impacts
International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 5 July 2008 Municipal Solid Waste Used as Bioethanol Sources and its Related Environmental Impacts Aiduan Li University College
More informationRubbish or resources: an investigation into converting municipal solid waste to bio-ethanol production
Waste to Energy 29 Rubbish or resources: an investigation into converting municipal solid waste to bio-ethanol production A. Li & M. Khraisheh University College London, UK Abstract An investigation into
More informationBioethanol Production from Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Nig. J. Biotech. Vol. 32 (2017) 1 6 ISSN: 0189 1731 Available online at http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njb/index and www.biotechsocietynigeria.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v32i1.1 Bioethanol
More informationValue Maximization through PRAJ's 2nd Generation Smart Bio Refinery. Amol Sheth October, 17 th 2016
Value Maximization through PRAJ's 2nd Generation Smart Bio Refinery Amol Sheth October, 17 th 2016 Discussion Points Technology development & commercialization Praj s 2G Ethanol Technology Innovative Tech.
More informationABENGOA BIOENERGY NEW TECHNOLOGIES
ABENGOA BIOENERGY NEW TECHNOLOGIES From research and demonstration to the first commercialization plant: Abengoa Bioenergy s experience in 2nd generation bioethanol November, 2012 Carmen Millan Chacartegui
More informationRenewable Energy Systems
Renewable Energy Systems 9 Buchla, Kissell, Floyd Chapter Outline Biomass Technologies 9 9-1 THE CARBON CYCLE 9-2 BIOMASS SOURCES 9-3 BIOFUELS: ETHANOL 9-4 BIOFUELS: BIODIESEL AND GREEN DIESEL 9-5 BIOFUELS
More informationWood to Wheel: Process Improvement for the Production of Substituted Fuels from Renewable Biomass
Wood to Wheel: Process Improvement for the Production of Substituted Fuels from Renewable Biomass POKE Symposium 10-16.08.2014, Ösel Venkata Prabhakar Soudham venkata.soudham@chem.umu.se The Problem: Our
More informationTOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT BIOFUELS PRODUCTION USE OF PERVAPORATION IN PRODUCT RECOVERY AND SEPARATION
1 TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT BIOFUELS PRODUCTION USE OF PERVAPORATION IN PRODUCT RECOVERY AND SEPARATION POKE Summer School 10. 16.8.2014 Saaremaa, Estonia D.Sc.(Tech.) Johanna Niemistö FACULTY
More informationUTILISATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES TO PRODUCE BIOETHANOL FROM AUTOCHTHONOUS ENERGY CROPS. Abstract
I. Stroia, et all. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, Volume XIII, No.2 (2007), 263-270 Full Paper Food Technology and Processing UTILISATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES TO PRODUCE BIOETHANOL
More informationSimulation of a Hydrogen Production Process from Algae
A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 27, 2012 Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Alberto Brucato, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-18-1; ISSN 1974-9791
More informationOptimization of alkaline peroxide pretreatment of rice straw
Optimization of alkaline peroxide pretreatment of rice straw Jaruwan Damaurai 1, Verawat Champreda 2, Navadol Laosiripojana 1* 1. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut s University
More informationLignin Production by Organosolv Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass W.J.J. Huijgen P.J. de Wild J.H. Reith
Lignin Production by Organosolv Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass W.J.J. Huijgen P.J. de Wild J.H. Reith Presented at the International Biomass Valorisation Congress, 13-15 September 2010, Amsterdam,
More informationExecutive Summary New Energy Company of Indiana CRADA Completed 1997 Public Release 1999
Executive Summary New Energy Company of Indiana CRADA Completed 1997 Public Release 1999 CRADA Background The CRADA between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the New Energy Company of Indiana
More informationBiofuels & Biochemicals an innovation challenge. From Biomass to Bioproducts. Han de Winde. Leiden University Faculty of Science
From Biomass to Bioproducts Biofuels & Biochemicals an innovation challenge Han de Winde May 14th, 2013 Leiden University Faculty of Science Delft University of Technology Department of Biotechnology >>
More informationThe CIMV organosolv Process. B. Benjelloun
The CIMV organosolv Process B. Benjelloun 2 BIOREFINERY CONCEPT THE CIMV PROCESS Based on the oil refining model. Promote 100% of the non-food Biomass in Biofuels and/or Bioproducts. High feedstocks fexilibility
More informationBiofuels Research at Purdue
College of Agriculture College of Engineering Biofuels Research at Purdue Nathan Mosier and Otto Doering Agricultural and Biological Engineering Agricultural Economics Integrated, Multidisciplinary Approach
More informationRubbish or resources: an investigation of converting municipal solid waste (MSW) to bio-ethanol production
Waste Management and the Environment IV 115 Rubbish or resources: an investigation of converting municipal solid waste (MSW) to bio-ethanol production A. Li & M. Khraisheh University College London, Department
More informationLiquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Saksit Imman 1,3, Jantima Arnthong 2, Navadol Laosiripojana 1,3 and Verawat Champreda 2,* 1 The Joint Graduate School of Energy and
More informationPotential of Bioethanol Production and Optimization Test from Agricultural Waste: The Case of Wet Coffee Processing Waste (Pulp)
Potential of Bioethanol Production and Optimization Test from Agricultural Waste: The Case of Wet Coffee Processing Waste (Pulp) Ayele Kefale*, Mesfin Redi**, Araya Asfaw*** *Environmental Science Program,
More informationSummary of findings from the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): corn stover pretreatment
Cellulose (2009) 16:649 659 DOI 10.1007/s10570-009-9308-y Summary of findings from the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): corn stover pretreatment Richard T. Elander
More informationIndustrial development: Biofuels for transportation
Industrial development: Biofuels for transportation Dr ir Robert Bakker Projectleader Biofuels Wageningen UR Biobased products robert.bakker@wur.nl Overview presentation Biofuels: what are they? Why using
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 47 (2014 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 47 (2014 ) 268 272 Conference and Exhibition Indonesia Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation [Indonesia EBTKE CONEX 2013] Optimization
More informationBiofuels: Renewable Transportation Fuels from Biomass
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Biofuels: Renewable Transportation Fuels from Biomass Cynthia Riley Biotechnology Division for Fuels and Chemicals National Bioenergy Center Utility Federal Technology
More informationHIDROLIZA ENZIMATICA CU PRETRATAMENT A PLANTELOR ENERGETICE AGRICOLE IN SCOPUL OBTINERII DE BIOCOMBUSTIBILI (ETANOL, BIOGAZ)
Lucrări ştiinţifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 42 (1) (2009), Timişoara HYDROLYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS BY COMBINED PRETREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC METHODS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS (ETHANOL, BIOGAS)
More informationDevelopment of a Lignocellulose Biorefinery for Production of 2 nd Generation Biofuels and Chemicals
Development of a Lignocellulose Biorefinery for Production of 2 nd Generation Biofuels and Chemicals W.J.J. Huijgen, R. Van der Linden, J.H. Reith & H. den Uil Presented at the Netherlands Process Technology
More informationIndustrial Biotechnology and Biorefining
Industrial Biotechnology and Biorefining Industrial Biotechnology and Biorefining The Centre for Process Innovation From innovation to commercialisation The High Value Manufacturing Catapult is a partnership
More informationTechnologies for Biofuels and Green Chemistry
Technologies for Biofuels and Green Chemistry Dr. Larry P. Walker Professor Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Director of Cornell Biofuels Research Laboratory Cornell University MAJOR
More informationBiomass for future biorefineries. Anne-Belinda Bjerre, senior scientist, ph.d.
Biomass for future biorefineries Anne-Belinda Bjerre, senior scientist, ph.d. Anne-Belinda Bjerre (Thomsen) Senior research scienist, B.Sc. Chem. Eng. Ph.d. in biotechnology 25 years of expertise within
More informationFEASIBILITY OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION USING THE WHOLE SUGARCANE BIOMASS
FEASIBILITY OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION USING THE WHOLE SUGARCANE BIOMASS SANDRA CERQUEIRA PEREIRA 1, LARISSA MAEHARA 1,2, CRISTINA MARIA MONTEIRO MACHADO 3 AND CRISTIANE SANCHEZ FARINAS 1,2 1 Brazilian Agricultural
More information