IV Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance

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3 XI ALACPA Seminar on Airfield Pavements IV Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance Dr. Samuel Hautequest Cardoso, Ph.D. Coordinator/Instructor Santiago, Chile, 02 September 2014

4 Course Outline Introduction & Importance of the Subject Scope of Airfield Pavement Maintenance Strong & Weak Links in Pavement Maintenance The (4*W + 3*O) Equation & Pavt. Performance Pavement Types & Drainage/Wildlife Hazards Types of Distresses (Flexible& Rigid Pavement) Materials & Equipment for Pavt. Maintenance Don t Do(s) & Do(s) in Pavt. Maintenance Summary

5 XI ALACPA Seminar on Airfield Pavements IV Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance Part 01 Santiago, Chile, 02 September 2014

6 Introduction & Importance of the Subject Commercial Aviation in the USA Injects 3.3 trillion US$/year in the economy

7 Introduction & Importance of the Subject USA 35,000 to 40,000 flights/day airports administrated by the FAA with annual budget around US$16 billion

8 Introduction & Importance of the Subject Worldwide 300,000 flights/day (Commercial, Charter & Cargo) 5.7 billion passengers/2012 ( 4.4 %)

9 Aircraft Movements (2012) AS-PAC 6.5 % LAT-CAR 3.5% MID EAST 6.3% 2 0 AFRICA 0.8% WORLD 0.6% -2-4 EUR -2.5% NAM -1.4% Region -6

10 Passengers (2012) MID EAST 13% AFRICA 6.1% AS-PAC 8% LAT-CAR 7.6% WORLD 4.4% 4 2 EUROPE 1.7% NA 1.3% 0

11 8 Cargo (2012) 6 MID EAST 4.3% 4 2 AS-PAC 1.3 % NAM 0.8% WORLD 0.5% 0-2 AFRICA -0.2% LAT-CAR -0.1% -4 EUR -2.4% Region

12 Introduction & Importance of the Subject Gatwick Airport (2013) 35,444,206 passengers/year 250,520 aircraft movements/year World s busiest single-use runway 55 aircraft movements/hour

13 Introduction & Importance of the Subject Latin America and the Caribbean Forecast for 2010 to 2020: Population: 590 to 652 million Internal Revenue Growth: 4.2 %/year Cargo: 5.7 %/year

14 Scope of Airfield Pavement Maintenance

15 Quality The Normal Cycle of Life Time

16 The Normal Cycle of Life Performance EXC. Fair Very Poor FAILED $ % 75% LIFE $4.00 TO $ % 12% Time

17 Pavement is a Complex System!!! Drainage Soils Geology Material Technology Construction Economy/ Administ. PVT. System Environment/ Climate Human Relations Computation/ Computer

18 Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System Safety Air Transport System Regularity Efficiency Airports Pavement System Safety Economy

19 Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System Pavement System Strength Friction Safety Roughness Economy FOD

20 Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System FOD

21 Pavement is Part of the Air Transport System

22 Strong and Weak Links for Airfield Pavement Maintenance

23 T C = I C + M C + U C Maintenance

24 The (4*W + 3*O) Equation & Pavement Performance

25 Pavement Maintenance Why? When? The 4*W Where? Who?

26 Pavement Maintenance 1 st W = When?

27 Pavement Maintenance 2 st W = Why? T C = I C +M C +U C Safety

28 Pavement Maintenance 3 rd W = Where? Pavement Drainage Airside

29 Pavement Maintenance 4 th W = Who? CEO Planners Engineers

30 The 3*O Main Objectives for Designing and Constructing Airfield Pavements 1 st O = Adequate load-carrying capacity 2 nd O = Good ride quality safe aircraft operation 3 rd O = Good friction all weather conditions

31 Understanding the First O

32 Understanding the 2nd O A L 2A Before After

33 Scope of Airfield Pavement Maintenance

34 Understanding the 3 rd O Lack of Skid Resistance

35 Understanding the 3 rd O Micro texture Macro texture

36 Understanding the 3 rd O 1.5 1/4 1/4

37 35-Year Old PFC 4*W + 3*O?

38 34-Year Old SST B757 B737 A319 B727 A320 G5 4*W + 3*O?

39 Brand New Pavement 4*W + 3*O?

40 4*W + 3*O?

41 4*W + 3*O Not to scale 1910 m m? 300 m 88 m 150 m 1630 m 300 m End m TWY GOLF TWY ALFA TWY BRAVO TWY CHARLIE Grooving End m 150 m 150 m 585 m Grooving 1250 m (Chronic & recurrent pavement distress area since late 80 s) Asphalt Fragmented (Underneath Layer)

42 4*W + 3*O?

43 Pavement Types; Drainage & Wildlife Hazards

44 Classical Flexible Pavement Surface Course Base Course Subbase Subgrade

45 Classical Rigid Pavement PortlandCement Concrete Base Course Subbase Subgrade

46 Drainage System Four Aspects to Focus On: Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-off) Excess of Ground Water Removal Lower Down Water Table Control Slope Erosion

47 Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off) 4D for Pavement Design Success: Drainage Drainage Drainage 4*W + 3*O? Drainage

48 Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off) Transverse Slope Longitudinal Slope

49 Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off)

50 Surface Drainage (Surface Water Run-Off)

51 Sub-Surface Drainage 4D for Pavement Design Success: Drainage, drainage, drainage, drainage

52 Sub-Surface Drainage AC Subgrade

53 Sub-Surface Drainage

54 Why? Sub-Surface Drainage

55 Wildlife Hazards Birds Paradise

56 Wildlife Hazards Birds Paradise

57 Wildlife Hazards Birds Paradise

58 Wildlife Hazards

59 Wildlife Hazards

60 Control Slope Erosion