Grab a practice math sheet AND vocab crossword when you turn in your quiz and then, brainstorm the following below:

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Chloe Leonard
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1 Grab a practice math sheet AND vocab crossword when you turn in your quiz and then, brainstorm the following below: Trash What words come to mind when you think of trash? What happens to trash as it leaves your house?

2 Waste Management

3 Wasting Resources SOLID WASTE Unwanted that is not liquid or gas US generates 33% world s solid waste yearly ~99% = mining, drilling, agriculture, industry ~1% = municipal or home solid waste HAZARDOUS WASTE Solid or liquid AND has any of the following properties: Carcinogenic (asbestos) Teratogenic (Ethylene glycol) Mutagenic (formaldehyde) Flammable (Gasoline) Corrosive (HCl)

4 Where does waste go? Solid Most solid waste is sent to the landfill Groundwater contamination Smells Decomposition rate can t be sped up Other option is incineration Creates air pollution containing GHG and other contaminants Hazardous Landfills Surface impoundments manmade earthen space Land treatment units use soil microbes and sunlight to break down wastes Geologic repositories (salt domes, underground mines)

5 What does the following mean: To reduce To reuse To recycle Name an example of each Name one pro and one con of each

6 Reduce-Reuse-Recycle Reduce To use less Reuse To use an item more than once Recycle To convert waste into a usable form

7 REDUCTION Can use less material by: Streamlining manufacturing to produce less waste Produce products that last longer or easier to repair

8 REUSE Extends resource supplies Keeps material from being downgraded to lower qualities No continuous pollution from product reproduction

9 RECYCLING 2 main types of recycling: Primary (closed-loop) recycling: Wastes are recycled to make new products of the same type (aluminum soda cans) Secondary (open-loop) recycling: Waste materials are converted into different and usually lower-quality products (plastic bottles)

10 Treating Hazardous Waste

11 Bioremediation - Using microorganisms and enzymes to destroy toxic or hazardous substances and make them harmless compounds - Bacteria can digest oil spilled into carbon dioxide - Bacteria can convert mercury to a less toxic form

12 Examples of Bioremediation Bioventing Using bacteria to clean fuels and VOCs from groundwater Bioreactor Treat sewage and waste water with bacteria is a specialized container Biosparging Using bacteria to clean organic matter in zone of saturation Bioaugmentation Adding archae or bacteria to speed up degradation of a contaminant Bioleaching Extracting metals from ores through bacteria Landfarming Taking contaminated soil offsite to mix with regular soil and be treated

13 Phytoremediation Using plants to take toxins out of the soil Sunflowers can remove lead, arsenic from soil PCBs have been removed from mines Barley can remove sodium chloride Cesium and strontium were removed by sunflowers after Chernobyl

14 Advantages Inexpensive Does not involve heavy machinery Reduce amount of dumped material Disadvantages It is slow and is only effective for plant root depth

15 Types of Phytoremediation Name of Phytoremediation Rhizofiltration How Process Works Using a mass of roots to filter water to remove toxic substances or nutrients

16 Making Paper Several toxic processes are involved Dumping rinsed pulping liquor Adding chlorine to bleach paper By recycling paper We use less energy Lower pollution Create more jobs

17 Recycling Aluminum, Wastepaper, and Plastics 60% of aluminum from ore, 40% is recycled Due to recycling 95-97% less air and water pollution Use less energy Creates jobs

18 Plastics Because there are so many varieties, it is hard to identify resin forms to recycle It is also cheaper to produce new plastic resins rather than to recycle it

19 Solid/Hazardous Waste Laws Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Requires EPA to identify hazardous wastes and set standards for management by states Requires a permit be issued if a group stores, treats, or disposes of more than 100 kg of hazardous waste a month, stating the amount of waste that is managed Permit holders have to keep a complete record of all waste transferred from point of origin to approved offsite disposal facility (cradle to grave)

20 Superfund Act Aka Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Taxes on chemical raw materials Also provides funds for: Identifying abandoned hazardous waste dumps and underground tanks leaking toxic chemicals protects and even cleans up nearby groundwater that has been affected Cleans up the site if needed Fines the responsible party for the cost of cleanup

21 Brownfields Name for commercial/industrial sites that have been abandoned and most likely contaminated Most of these could be cleaned and used but lots of legislative, financial, and political holdups in the way

22 There is no away Love Canal Between 1942 and 1953, Hooker Chemicals and Plastics sealed 200+ chemicals in steel drums and dumped them in to Love Canal, near Niagara Falls The property was sold to Niagara Falls school board for $1, but there was a legal disclaimer, not holding them liable for problems with chemical leakage

23 What happened? Because a new school and lots of homes were built, the ground was disturbed, allowing the leaking waste to enter the groundwater and pool up to the surface, causing severe health problems Eventually, the US government interfered and cleaned up the mess Helped lead to the CERCLA and RCRA

24 What should we have learned from the Love Canal incident? 1. We can never really throw anything away 2. Wastes do not stay put 3. Preventing pollution is much safer and cheaper than trying to clean it up

25 Times Beach, Missouri A man was selling dust suppressant which was motor oil laced with dioxins and it was spread on unpaved roads Massive flooding occurred in December of 1982 EPA came in and tested waters Found dioxin levels to be 100ppb (100 times what the allowable limit of the time was)

BOZEMAN REVIEW: SOLID WASTE. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl- 68EVZX_k&index=31&list=PLllVwaZQkS2qK4Z6xBVDRak8an1-kqsgm

BOZEMAN REVIEW: SOLID WASTE. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl- 68EVZX_k&index=31&list=PLllVwaZQkS2qK4Z6xBVDRak8an1-kqsgm BOZEMAN REVIEW: SOLID WASTE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl- 68EVZX_k&index=31&list=PLllVwaZQkS2qK4Z6xBVDRak8an1-kqsgm METHODS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL Any waste that poses potential harm to human