Working in Nova Scotia A guide for internationally educated professionals

Transcription

1 Working in Nova Scotia A guide for internationally educated professionals

2 The material in this guide may be photocopied for educational or career counseling purposes. This publication is available online at Additional copies can be ordered by contacting Crown copyright Province of Nova Scotia ISBN:

3 Is This Guide For You? Are you an internationally trained and educated professional who wants to find work in Nova Scotia? This guide will help you: Find out if you have the right English skills Find out how to get your qualifications recognized Make an action plan Prepare for your job search

4

5 Table of Contents Introduction Are you ready to start looking for work in Nova Scotia? Where to look for support Are you ready to begin working? Do you know how to look for work in Nova Scotia? Do you have the English skills to work in your occupation? How do you get your qualifications recognized? Have you identified all your skills that could help you get work? Setting and achieving goals How to look for work in Nova Scotia Choosing the work you would like to do Searching for jobs in your specific profession The visible and hidden job markets Networking Information interviews The tools you need to get the job Résumés Cover letters Portfolios References Preparing for a job interview Getting Nova Scotian work experience and references What else do you need to know? Workplace culture in Nova Scotia Why it is important to work well as part of a team Why you should keep improving your skills What are your rights as an employee? Resources Definitions

6

7 Introduction Welcome to Nova Scotia. Thank you for choosing to live in Nova Scotia. This is a very special part of Canada with a long history of welcoming newcomers. Many people choose to live and work here because Nova Scotia offers an excellent quality of life. That quality of life includes good schools and healthcare; safe, uncrowded communities; friendly people, and a beautiful coastline. It also includes the opportunity for you to use your skills, education, and experience to do work you enjoy. We know you have questions We know you have questions about working in Nova Scotia. This guide will help you find the answers. It will also suggest places you can call for more information and assistance. Many resources are available to help you succeed in finding employment that is right for you. Be patient and persistent Starting a new life with new work is an exciting journey one that has some challenges. It is impossible to guess how long it will take you to find new employment. Some immigrants find work in as little as three to six months. For others, it takes longer. How long it takes to find work depends on many things, such as your qualifications and the type of work you seek. Some newcomers find they need to start their employment in Nova Scotia at an entry level until they gain more experience. Some newcomers know what type of work they want; others are willing to try something new. It is important to be patient and follow your own path. This guide will recommend services and people who can help. It also provides definitions of common terms on page 55. l 1

8 We know you can do it! Nova Scotia needs people like you in our workforce. By moving here, you have already proven that you can set challenging goals and meet them. You are not afraid of risks and change. You are flexible and resourceful. Your business contacts in your homeland are a valuable resource for Nova Scotian employers who want to expand their markets. If you speak another language as well as English and/or French, that is a big help, too. About 15,000 people will be able to join Nova Scotia s workforce this year. With some research, work, and planning, you may be one of them. We have everything that a big city has to offer, but we maintain our smallness. EDMUNDO CENTENO, ACCOUNTANT, PHILIPPINES 2 l

9 Are you ready to start looking for work in Nova Scotia? Where to look for support. Are you ready to begin working? Do you know how to look for work in Nova Scotia? Do you have the English skills to work in your occupation? How do you get your qualifications recognized? Have you identified all your skills that could help you get work? Setting and achieving goals. l 3

10 Where to look for support These are some of the resources that offer employment support for job hunters in Nova Scotia. Some of them specialize in helping newcomers. Program MISA MISA and HILC offer employment services and language learning opportunities to help newcomers find work and participate in the community. The Metropolitan Immigrant Settlement Association (MISA) is a community-based organization that welcomes newcomers and recognizes their essential role in Canada. Staff and volunteers at MISA work together to offer programs and services to help newcomers to participate fully in Canadian life. These services include delivering Canadian Language Benchmark Assessments and employment services to help newcomers overcome the barriers that may be keeping them from finding work in Nova Scotia. MISA Suite Chebucto Place Halifax, NS info@misa.ns.ca HILC The Halifax Immigrant Learning Centre (HILC) supports the language learning goals of newcomers. HILC provides quality and effective learning opportunities to promote the active participation of newcomers in the community. HILC offers a range of labour market language and employment-focused language orientation programs to help newcomers prepare for and be successful in the work place. HILC Suite Chebucto Place Halifax, NS info@hilc.ns.ca 4 l

11 Work in Nova Scotia (WINS) is a bridging program provided by both MISA and HILC. You can customize the WINS program to your own needs to help you reach your employment goals. Through the WINS program, you will meet an employment specialist who will help you establish goals and develop action plans to meet them. For a full list of the services available through the WINS program, turn to the Resource Section of this guide. You can also find out more about the WINS program by contacting either MISA or HILC. Career Resource Centres There is a network of Career Resource Centres across Nova Scotia that can help you with your job search. Call your Service Canada office for information about Career Resource Centres. You will find the phone number for Service Canada in the blue pages of the phone book or at Student Career Centres If you are a student at a post-secondary institution, the student career or employment centre at your school can help with career planning and job-searching skills. Through the WINS program, you will meet an employment specialist who will help you establish goals and develop action plans to meet them. Language Support For a list of English as a second language (ESL) schools and other supporting programs, see the Resources Section of this guide. For more information on all of these resources, go to Getting_Ready. l 5

12 Are you ready to begin working? Most immigrants to Nova Scotia say their two biggest challenges are learning the language and finding work. As an immigrant, you will have to prove to an employer that you are ready to work in Nova Scotia. Being ready to work can mean many things. You will need enough English to work in your field, an understanding of Canadian workplace culture, and, in certain professions, you will need a particular license or certification. Use this checklist to find out if you are ready to work: Employment Readiness Checklist Yes No Next Step English skills I have passed the English test required for my profession or trade and have the test result document. I do not know if my English is good enough for an employer. Read pages of this guide to find out more about assessing and improving your English. Contact your professional or trade association to find out the English test required. International Qualifications I have completed the process of getting my qualifications assessed and recognized. I do not know if my occupation is regulated in Nova Scotia. Read pages of this guide to find out which occupations are regulated, and how to get your qualifications recognized. 6 l

13 Employment Readiness Checklist continued Yes No Next Step Computer Skills I am able to use a computer as well as the software commonly mentioned in job postings for my occupation. For example: Word and Excel. I am comfortable using a computer but am not familiar with these software programs. Enroll in a computer training workshop offered through the WINS program, Career Resource Centre, public library or C@P site, Nova Scotia Community College, or municipal recreation. Workplace Culture I understand Canadian and Nova Scotian workplace culture. I do not understand Canadian and Nova Scotian workplace culture. Read pages of this guide to find out more about workplace culture. Take a workplace culture program through WINS. Do you know how to look for work in Nova Scotia? Before you start looking for work in Nova Scotia, you will need the right tools, such as a résumé and cover letter. You will also need some job-search skills, such as networking and interviewing. You can find out more about these tools and how to look for work by going to the How to look for work in Nova Scotia chapter of this guide. l 7

14 Do you have the English skills to work in your occupation? This section covers: Assessing your language skills How you can improve your language skills Canada has two official languages: English and French. It is a great asset to be able to speak both. In Nova Scotia, you need to be able to speak, read and write English very well in all skilled occupations. If you only have basic English skills, you may need to improve them before an employer will hire you. In Nova Scotia, government-funded adult English as a second language (ESL) schools use the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) for teaching and testing language. The CLB is used in Adult ESL schools all across Canada. It gives information about 12 levels of English listening, speaking, reading and writing. CLB 1 students have little or no English. CLB 12 students are like native speakers of English. Students at CLB 9 or above usually have enough English for university, college or professional communication. You can see for yourself what your CLB level might be. Go to page_id=662 and follow the instructions. This will only give you an idea of your CLB level. To get an accurate assessment of your language skills, you should take a Canadian Language Benchmarks Assessment (CLBA). You will need to make an appointment to take this assessment. It will take between two to three hours to complete it and you will need to bring your landing paper, Minister s Permit or letter of intent from Citizenship and Immigration Canada. If you live in the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), contact MISA for more information. If you live outside Halifax, contact Metro-Region Immigrant Language Services (see Resource Section). 8 l

15 In Nova Scotia, you need to be able to speak, read, and write English very well in all skilled occupations. If you only have basic English skills, you may need to improve them before an employer will hire you. After you have taken the CLBA, the assessor will explain to you the language programs that are available in your area. You may have excellent English for everyday life. However, many occupations have their own special language and communications requirements. For example, healthcare has special terminology. So does engineering and management. There are a number of profession-specific language programs available in Nova Scotia to help you. The assessor will help you choose one or you can contact WINS to select the right program for you, for more information see the Resource Section. Other language tests Although government-funded language programs use CLBA, there are a range of tests that can assess your language skills. Different professional bodies may require you to use a certain language test. Find out which one is right for your profession before you take the test. Canadian Language Benchmarks Placement Test (CLBPT) and the Canadian Language Benchmark Assessment (CLBA) and The Canadian Language Benchmarks Placement Test (CLBPT) and Canadian Language Benchmarks Assessment (CLBA) are used for placement in many adult immigrant English as a second language programs in Nova Scotia. In Nova Scotia, MISA offers assessments in Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM). Outside HRM, Metro-Region Immigrant Language Services offers language assessments. All immigrants to the province are eligible for one free CLBA or CLBPT assessment. Call to make an appointment. The CLBA and the CLBPT are not grammar or vocabulary tests, but tests to find out what a person can do in English. There is no need to prepare or be nervous about taking either test. After the test, an assessor will discuss the results with the test taker and together they will decide which program or class is the most appropriate. Many adult ESL programs use the CLB as guide for teaching. Upon completing the course work for a CLB level the student may receive a certificate that states the CLB level that the student has completed. l 9

16 English Proficiency Tests The following provides some basic information about some of the more commonly used English proficiency tests and where they are accepted. It is not a full list there are other tests. It is also not an endorsement of the tests or their use. Please refer to the websites for the most current information about cost, test sites, descriptions and scoring. CELBAN - Canadian English Language Benchmarks Assessment for Nurses This is the first national, occupation specific, CLB referenced assessment tool. CELBAN is endorsed by most of the licensing bodies that license nurses in Canada. There is a readiness self-assessment available on line. CanTEST - Canadian Test of English for Scholars and Trainees There are several versions of this test. The test is for academic and professional purposes such as university admission, professional accreditation and vocational training. It includes all four skill areas and takes just less than three hours to complete. It is available at the TESL Centre at Saint Mary s University in Halifax. TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL measures the ability of non-native speakers of English to use and understand North American English as it is used in college and university settings and is required by many universities in Canada. HILC provides a TOEFL preparation course in Halifax. TOEIC - Test of English for International Communication TOIEC measures the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment. There are two sections to the test, listening and reading. TOEIC preparation books are available. In Halifax, the East Coast School of Languages is a test site and can be reached at IELTS - International English Language Testing System There is a speaking/listening section, a reading section and two writing tasks. There are some specimen materials available. The test is available in Halifax at English Canada World Organization at l

17 TOWES - Test of Workplace Essential Skills TOWES assesses essential skill competencies in the areas of reading text, document use and numeracy. TOWES is different from other tests because it uses authentic documents such as catalogues, order forms, labels, and schematics as source material. Nova Scotia College and University English Admissions Requirements To find out more about English requirements for university and college programs in Nova Scotia, please visit the links below. St. Mary s University Dalhousie University Mount Saint Vincent University Nova Scotia College of Art and Design Nova Scotia Community College Cape Breton University students&menu=international_students&id=admission_requirements St Francis Xavier University Acadia University Atlantic School of Theology Nova Scotia Agricultural College l 11

18 How do you get your qualifications recognized in Nova Scotia? A regulated occupation is one that is controlled by provincial and sometimes federal law. This section covers: What is a regulated occupation? What occupations are regulated in Nova Scotia? How you can become certified to work in a regulated occupation How to get your qualifications recognized if your occupation is not regulated How to upgrade your qualifications and continue your education What is a regulated occupation? A regulated occupation is one that is controlled by provincial and sometimes federal law. A professional organization or regulatory body sets standards for the people who work in that occupation. This is done to protect the public. You will need to meet specific requirements in order to work in these occupations. When you have met the requirements, you will be given a license or certificate. It is illegal to work in a regulated occupation or use its title if you are not recognized by that occupation s regulatory body. In some fields you may be able to start working in a related job before you are fully licensed. For example, an engineer may obtain a position as a technician while completing the requirements for the full license as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) What occupations are regulated in Nova Scotia? Here are some key occupations and their regulatory bodies. Go to to find out whether your occupation is regulated in Nova Scotia. 12 l

19 Some examples include: Occupation Agrologist Architect Automotive Service Bricklayer Certified General Accountant Chiropractors Construction Dentist Early Childhood Educator Embalmers/Funeral Directors Engineer Hairstylist Lawyer Medical Laboratory Technologist Occupational Therapist Pharmacist Physician Physiotherapist Plumber Public School Teacher Registered Nurse Stationery or Power Engineer Regulatory Body Nova Scotia Institute of Agrologists Nova Scotia Association of Architects Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Workforce Development, Apprenticeship Technician Training Division Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Workforce Development, Apprenticeship Technician Training Division Certified General Accountants Association of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia College of Chiropractors Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Workforce Development, Apprenticeship Electrician Training Division Dental Board of Nova Scotia Certification Council of Early Childhood Educators of Nova Scotia Board of Registration of Embalmers and Funeral Directors Engineers Nova Scotia Cosmetology Association of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Barristers Society Nova Scotia College of Medical Laboratory Technologists The Nova Scotia Society of Occupational Therapists Nova Scotia College of Pharmacists College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Workforce Development, Apprenticeship Technician Training Division Nova Scotia Department of Education, Teacher Certification College of Registered Nurses of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour, Public Safety Division l 13

20 How you can become certified to work in a regulated occupation To become certified (or licensed) to work in a regulated occupation, you must have the credentials, the skills and knowledge, and the experience. Start the process of getting your international qualifications recognized before you come to Canada. It is easier for you to get the documentation you will need before you leave your country. The process to become certified differs from one occupation to another. Usually, the process starts with an assessment of your credentials. Credentials are proof of your achievements, such as your education. They are usually in the form of a document or paper. Credentials from one country may not be considered equal to credentials from another. Even if your occupation is not regulated, it may be helpful to have your credentials assessed so Canadian employers will understand what your credentials mean in Canada. A credentials assessment will provide you with a Canadian equivalency statement. You may need to upgrade your skills to meet Canadian or Nova Scotian standards for your occupation. The professional association or regulatory body that sets the standards for your occupation may perform these assessments or refer you to an international credentials assessment service. For links to other evaluation services please go to Getting_Ready. If possible, try to start the process of getting your international qualifications recognized before you come to Canada. It is easier for you to get the documentation you will need before you leave your country. 14 l

21 Halifax has lots of opportunity for my family and I. I think there is a better chance to get a job here than in other provinces. MONA HOSSEINI, PHYSICIAN, IRAN Assessing your competencies Sometimes a credentials assessment is all that is required to get your license. However, for many it is just the first step to getting your qualifications recognized. Most regulated occupations also require an assessment of your competencies that means your skills and knowledge. A competencies assessment may take many forms, such as: written examinations oral or practical examination worksite assessments of your technical skills requests for a demonstration of your skills language tests interviews For information and assistance about getting your credentials and competencies assessed, contact an employment specialist at the WINS program. You can also contact your local career or employment centre. l 15

22 These associations assist their members in variety of ways. They provide peer support study groups, special events, speakers, and advocacy for their members. Association of Internationally Educated and Trained Professionals (IETPs) Internationally educated and trained professionals have joined together to form associations in a number of occupations. The Capacity Nova Scotia IETP website includes information about these associations as well as other information on existing resources, services, and opportunities for IETPs. They may be contacted at Currently, there are associations in five specific professions in Nova Scotia. These are: Association of International Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia (AIPS NS) Association of Internationally Educated Engineers of Nova Scotia (AIEENS) Nova Scotia Association of Internationally Educated Teachers (NSAIET) International Pharmacy Graduates of Nova Scotia (IPGNS) Internationally Educated Dentists Association of Nova Scotia (IEDANS) These associations assist their members in variety of ways. They provide peer support study groups, special events, speakers, and advocacy for their members. Association leaders represent their members at policy tables and may actively participate in making positive changes in their profession. Other professions are in the process of becoming organized. How to get your qualifications recognized if your occupation is not regulated In unregulated occupations, employers set the standards. You may still find it helpful to have your credentials assessed by an international credentials assessment service. You can find a list of recognized credential assessment agencies in Canada by going to the Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials website: 16 l

23 How to upgrade your qualifications After you get your credentials assessed, you may be asked to upgrade your qualifications to meet provincial standards. You may be referred to a specific institution or training program for upgrading. If there are specific skills you need to upgrade and need help locating the appropriate courses or training, contact an employment specialist at a Career Resource Centre, employment centre, or the WINS program. You can find references and links to websites with information about credentials, certification, and upgrading at How to continue your education There are a number of paths to take if you want to upgrade your qualifications. College College programs focus on preparing you for a particular occupation. College programs usually last one or two years. You will receive a diploma or certificate when you graduate. In Nova Scotia, you can take programs through Nova Scotia Community College ( which has 13 campuses across the province. There are also many private career colleges that can help you get the skills you need for a variety of fields ( University For many jobs you will need to have a university degree. With the exception of professional schools, such as law, education, nursing, and pharmacy, universities do not usually provide training for specific occupations. They help you develop a wide range of skills, such as critical thinking and advanced communications, as well as a deep understanding of a subject. There are 11 universities in Nova Scotia that offer three- to four-year undergraduate programs. You will get a bachelor s degree when you graduate. l 17

24 Nova Scotia is a place for growth and there is a lot of potential for entrepreneurs. FARHAD KHEIRABADI, SHIPPING MANAGER, IRAN Some newcomers choose to pursue graduate studies in their field before attempting to get a job in their chosen profession in Canada. This gives them Canadian credentials and the opportunity to enhance their communication skills. It is important to note that in some professions, such as law or teaching, a master s degree is not the required credential to practice in your field. To practice law, you must have a Bachelor of Law degree. To teach, you must have a Bachelor of Education. A master s degree will only qualify you to do advanced study or research not to practice. An employment specialist can help you decide whether continuing your university education is a good choice for you. To find an employment specialist, go to Apprenticeship If you want to work in the skilled trades, you can do so by becoming a registered apprentice. Apprenticeship programs last three to four years. You will also need to complete some other training courses in your industry. You will be paid for your work as an apprentice. There is a certification exam at the end of your apprentice work and training. For more information, contact the Apprenticeship Training Division, Nova Scotia Department of Labour and Workforce Development: Co-op Programs Co-op programs allow you to gain Canadian work experience while you learn. If you are planning to enroll in a college or university program, it might be helpful to look for one that includes co-operative education programs (co-op programs). In these programs you will spend time in the classroom, and you will also be sent out on paid work assignments. It may take you a little longer to complete a co-op program, but you will graduate with work experience and contacts with local employers. Students can also get co-op work experience through short-term paid or unpaid work assignments. Many professional education programs include formal internships; these are supervised professional work placements that you must complete to get your degree. 18 l

25 Continuing Education Continuous learning is essential in all professions in Canada. Professional associations can provide information on the programming available for a specific occupation. Some examples include Dalhousie Technical Education for engineers, Dalhousie Continuing Medical Education for physicians, or the CMA Nova Scotia s professional development programs for Certified Management Accountants. The Metro Council for Continuing Education is also a good source of information about continuing education. It publishes a booklet called Opportunities for Learning three times a year. These booklets are available at public libraries or you may call It s often effective to attend professional development events for your occupation. Lunch and learn programs, workshops, and courses for business people and entrepreneurs provide opportunities to learn about local business issues and to make contacts with other business people. Links to education and training institutions in Nova Scotia can be found at l 19

26 Transferable skills are skills acquired at one job that can be used in another. Have you identified all your skills that could help you get work? What are transferable skills? Why are they important? What transferable skills do you have? The value of your previous skills and experience What are transferable skills? Why are they important? Transferable skills are skills acquired at one job that can be used in another. For example, a job in your past may have required you to use a specific computer program. That means you can use your knowledge of this program in another work setting in a different country. That knowledge is a transferable skill. You have learned many transferable skills in all the jobs, classes, projects, hobbies, and sports you have participated in during your life. You also developed many transferable skills by becoming an immigrant to Nova Scotia. You may not even realize how many of these skills you have! This is a list of skills that employers value. How many of them do you have? Check each skill that applies to you. 20 l

27 Transferable Skills Skill Communication Information Management Numbers Problem Solving Personal Management Capabilities Can read and understand information in a variety of forms, such as words, graphs, charts and diagrams Can write and speak so others pay attention and understand Can listen and ask questions so that you understand the points of view of others Can share information many ways; by using the phone, sending s, writing memos, etc Can explain and clarify ideas for others using relevant scientific, technological, and mathematical knowledge Know how to use information systems to locate, gather and organize information Know how to decide what needs to be measured or calculated Know how to make estimates and verify calculations Can assess situations and identify problems Can seek different points of view, then evaluate them Recognize the human, interpersonal, technical, scientific, and mathematical dimensions of a problem Can identify the root cause of a problem Can explore many different solutions and make a recommendation Can evaluate solutions to make recommendations or decisions Can implement the solution Can check to make sure the solution worked Feel good about yourself; have a positive attitude Deal with people and problems with honesty, integrity, and personal ethics Recognize other people s good efforts Take care of your personal health Show interest, initiative, and effort l 21

28 Skill Being Responsible Adaptable Continuous Learning Work Safely Teamwork Participation in Projects and Tasks Capabilities Can set goals and responsibilities that balance work, family life, and personal health Can plan and manage your time and money to achieve goals Can assess and manage risk Are accountable for your actions and the actions of your group Are socially responsible and contribute to your community Can work alone or as part of a team Can carry out several tasks or projects Can be resourceful: can suggest multiple ways to get a job done Are open to change Can learn from mistakes and accept feedback Are willing to always be learning Can identify your personal strengths and areas that need development Can set your own learning goals Can find where you need to go to learn Are aware of safety practices and act within them Understand how groups work and can work within a group Can ensure a team s purpose and objectives are clear Can be supportive of other people s input to the group Can respect people s diversity, differences and perspectives Can give and take feedback in a considerate manner Can contribute to the team by sharing information Can lead and motivate a team, when needed Can manage and resolve conflict when necessary Can complete a project in a way that ensures it meets its objectives Can work to specific quality standards Can select and use the right tools and technology for each task or project Can adapt to changing requirements and information Will constantly monitor a project and look for ways to improve it Source: The Conference Board of Canada, Employability Skills Toolkit 22 l

29 Transferable skills are skills acquired in one job that can be used in another. For example, a job in your past may have required you to use a specific computer program. That means you can use your knowledge of this program in another work setting in a different country. That knowledge is a transferable skill. The value of your previous skills and experience You used many skills to become an immigrant to Canada. Employers will be impressed with these skills. For example, if English is not your native language, that means you learned a new language. It also means that you speak at least one other language from your first country a country that your employer may be interested in developing as a new market. Your communication skills and knowledge of work and the business culture could be a big advantage to your new employer. Applying for immigration and organizing your life in a new country was a huge project. You have proven that you can set a goal and follow the steps to reach it. Be sure to tell employers you have these skills. l 23

30 Setting and achieving goals This section covers: What is an action plan? Developing your action plan What is an action plan? Your challenge now is to identify your long-term and short-term goals and to make an action plan. An action plan lists the steps you will take to achieve those goals. It is very important that you have long-term and short-term goals. In many cases, newcomers need to take several steps before reaching their final goal of being fully qualified and working in their original profession. For example, if you are an internationally-educated engineer, you may face a lengthy process to become licensed. However, while you are working on getting your license, you could work in a related field, such as legal secretary or file clerk. This way you will get exposure to Nova Scotia s legal system as well as related experience while you work toward your long term goal. Developing your action plan An action plan is a process of listing what actions you have to take to realize your employment goal. For example, suppose you have a long-term employment goal of becoming a licensed physician in Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia is full of beauty, clean air and clean water. The ocean is near wherever you go in Nova Scotia! I feel safe here especially for my children. LAURA LIU, MEDICAL LAB TECHNOLOGIST, CHINA 24 l

31 Together with your employment specialist, you will create an action plan to become licensed. The steps of that action plan may look like this: Long-term goal: Become fully licensed as a physician and begin to practice in my profession. Mid-term steps: Prepare for and write qualifying exams. Apply for clinical skills assessment program. Send credentials for assessment. Short-term steps: Take a job in a related field that will provide an income and experience in the Canadian healthcare system while I work toward becoming licensed. Participate in language and orientation programs. Immediate steps: Identify related positions that match my interests and prepare a résumé for each. Each of the steps can be further broken down into something called a To Do list. For example, we will look at a To Do list for the immediate steps. Immediate steps: Identify related positions that match my interests Immediate To Do : Get the names and numbers of the people I need to contact about the jobs available in related positions. Make calls and schedule appointments. Write a résumé and cover letter for each position. Send a thank-you note after each interview. The key to a successful action plan is to decide how long you want to take to achieve each goal, and then act on it in that time. Do you need help creating your personal career action plan? An employment specialist with WINS or the staff at a career or employment centre can help you. Visit for a list of contacts and links to sites on career-planning and employability skills. l 25

32 26 l

33 How to look for work in Nova Scotia This chapter covers: Preparing for your job search by: Choosing the work you would like to do Searching for jobs in your specific profession An opportunity for change The visible and hidden job markets Networking Information interviews The tools you need to get the job Résumés Cover letters Portfolios References Preparing for a job interview Getting Nova Scotian work experience and references l 27

34 Choosing what kind of work you would like to do There are a variety of sources to help you identify and research potential employers for your specific occupation in Nova Scotia. For example, you can go to website to find opportunities in your profession. This is an example of how to search on that website: Suppose you want to locate opportunities for pharmacists: 1. Go to the occupation profile for Pharmacist 2. On the right-hand side of the page, you will find a list of Jobs in this Occupation. 3. Click on one of these titles. You will see a new page from the site with a list of potential employers for the Halifax region. 4. If you want to check for employers in another region of Nova Scotia, click Potential Employers in the lefthand column and select another region. It is important for you to note that the employers you will find on this site are potential employers only. It does not mean that they have a job opening right now. It simply means they have advertised for pharmacists in the past. However, it is worth your while to contact these employers. You can ask for an information interview. You can also ask if they would review your résumé. To learn more about information interviews and résumés, go to pages in this document. 28 l

35 When you close the window with the list of employers you will return to the site. For your next step, we suggest you read the Employment Requirements and Contacts page. You will find a list of professional organizations and their website links on this page. These organizations often list job opportunities on their websites. Joining a professional organization and getting to know other people in your profession is a good way to find job opportunities. You can also contact an employment specialist with the WINS program or the staff at a career or employment centre. For contact information, go to The visible and hidden job markets There are two types of job markets in Nova Scotia. The visible job market includes jobs advertised in newspapers, job boards, job-search websites, in the career sections of a company s or organization s website, professional journals, or through other public places. You will find a list of popular job search websites at Looking_for_Work. Some employers, such as universities, financial institutions, and engineering firms, only advertise jobs on their own electronic job boards, which can be found on their websites. As part of your job search, you need to identify which employers interest you and hire people with your qualifications. Then find out how they advertise for new employees. Do they advertise on particular websites only? Do they have their own website? Do they accept résumés at any time? Do they use a recruitment agency? Do they hire people in entry-level positions, then promote from within? You can find this information by calling the company s Human Resources (HR) department. If they regularly advertise openings, you should visit their website or personnel offices to see what jobs are posted. l 29

36 When you network, tell people you are looking for career and employment information. Describe the kind of job you are looking for and what qualifications and experience you have. Ask them about their industry and interests. Most job openings never appear in the visible job market. Studies report that approximately 80 per cent of all job openings are never advertised. People get these jobs by direct contact with the potential employer or through networking. (You will learn more about networking below.) This is known as the hidden job market. It is important for you to have a job search plan that includes both the visible and hidden job markets. Networking and direct contact with potential employers: the keys to the hidden job market Networking You may wonder how you could possibly find a job using the hidden job market. The answer is by networking. Networking means connecting with lots of people because some of those people may have heard about a job opening that may be right for you. Start by making a list of people you currently know. These could include: parents at your child s school people from your place of worship your neighbours and other people in your community people at clubs and other organizations you are involved with people you meet in the WINS programs, career resource centres and/or employment centres professors, instructors, and academic advisors When you network, tell people you are looking for career and employment information. Describe the kind of job you are looking for and what qualifications and experience you have. Ask them about their industry and interests. If possible, do some research into their industry before you meet with them. That way, you will be prepared with some questions, and you will impress them with your knowledge of their industry. Do not ask them directly for a job. Instead, ask them if they know of any opportunities that may be suitable for you. If they do not have any information for you, ask them if they could recommend someone else you could speak with. Many of these people will forward your information to someone else in their network, or they will introduce you to someone they know whom you have not met yet. 30 l

37 You will find it helpful to have a business card or job seeker s calling card that you can give to people. This card should include your name, telephone and fax numbers, and address. On the other side of the card, you may also want to include a brief description of your qualifications. When you meet a new business contact, you can give them your card and ask for their card. Stay organized It is important to keep track of your networking contacts. You might want to develop a chart to help you stay organized. Be sure to include the contact s full name, job title, address, the dates when you made contact, how you made contact (in person, by phone, by ) and any notes about what you learned. Strategic networking Strategic networking means identifying employers you want to get in your network. You can do this by making a list of the places you want to work, then finding functions and events where you might meet people who work in those places. These functions and events could include: lectures association meetings special events, such as charity functions, sponsored by the employers that interest you conferences volunteer organizations Direct contact with potential employers Through networking and research, you can develop a list of potential employers. These potential employers are companies or organizations that hire people with your skills and experience. Your challenge is to meet with these potential employers before they post an advertised job. Try to get the name of someone who works for that organization and is in the department or field that interests you. For example: if you are an engineer, contact the Director of Engineering instead of the Director of Human Resources. l 31

38 Go to the meeting prepared to ask questions about the company or organization. Make sure you have done some research before the meeting so you can ask informed questions about their products, services, current challenges, and plans for future development. A direct contact may happen when you are networking. This is the best situation as it is a face-to-face contact. You can also use the telephone to make a cold call. A cold call means telephoning someone to whom you have not been introduced. You can also write an to contact a potential employer. Be sure to attach your résumé. (You will learn more about résumés later in this document.) When you make this first contact, whether by phone, , letter or in person, be prepared to summarize your qualifications briefly, explain that you are exploring opportunities in your field and ask for a brief meeting. This brief meeting is called an information interview. Information interviews An information interview is a short face-to-face meeting with a potential employer. This meeting will give you the chance to introduce yourself describe your qualifications find out what is required to work in that organization gather information and make a positive first impression Go to the meeting prepared to ask questions about the company or organization. Make sure you have done some research before the meeting so you can ask informed questions about their products, services, current challenges, and plans for future development. Demonstrate your interest in working there and ask for feedback on your résumé. Remember the potential employer is very busy. Keep the meeting short. The maximum length is 15 to 20 minutes. At the end of the information interview, ask if you may follow up in a few weeks. Following up means keeping in touch with the potential employer to show your continued interest in working with them. If you decide after the information interview that this company or organization is not a good fit for you, ask the person for other contacts. This person may be aware of other opportunities in the same field and can provide you with useful information. If they give you the name of someone in another company, ask if you can use their name. This means that you can tell your new contact who introduced you to them. If the employer is not able to talk to you when you call, ask if you can send a copy of your résumé along with some questions. Be sure to thank them for their time. 32 l

39 Transfer any information you learned during the information interview into your networking chart. Send a thank you note within one to three days. A handwritten note or an are acceptable. Remember: when you are networking, you are building relationships. It is important to be professional at all times and to follow up. Even after you have found a job, you should maintain your professional network. You will find great tips on networking by going to Looking_for_Work and checking out the links. Most career or employment centres provide workshops on networking. They also provide opportunities to network with fellow job seekers through their job-finding clubs. Post-secondary institutions often host career fairs. These events give you a chance to meet potential employers in person. You can also learn more about networking by attending a pre-employment workshop through the WINS program. l 33

40 The tools you need to get the job When you apply for a job in Nova Scotia, you will put together a package that includes two items: your résumé and a cover letter. Your package may also include a portfolio, which can be an advantage during an information interview or a job interview. This section will explain what résumés, cover letters, and portfolios are. When you apply for a job in Nova Scotia, you will put together a package that includes two items: your résumé and a cover letter. Employers who have a job opening will receive résumés and cover letters from many candidates sometimes more than 100. Employers will review all the résumés and make a short list of people they think may be right for the job. Then they will call these people for an interview. Your résumé and cover letter must clearly state how you are qualified for the job. Employers often will take only a few minutes to evaluate each package. Now you can see how important résumés and cover letters are. Preparing your résumé Your résumé is a typed summary of your qualifications, education, and work experience. It should include: your full name and address with postal code, a telephone number where you can be reached during the day, and your address brief statements of your skills and accomplishments names and addresses of your former employers, dates of employment, and the duties you performed names and addresses of the schools and training institutions you have attended, dates you went there and credentials earned Chronological résumé 34 l

41 the names, titles, addresses, telephone numbers, and addresses of people who are willing to be your references. Try to include Canadian references. Make sure you get permission before you use someone s name as a reference. You will learn more about references later in this section. In Canada, you do not need to include personal information on your résumé, such as: your age your gender your marital status your religion your political affiliations a photograph of yourself Your résumé should be short, between two and three pages long. Target your résumé for the job you want. Targeting means writing a résumé specifically for that job. Focus on the experience and skills the employer is looking for. If you are applying for several different types of jobs, write a résumé for each. Functional résumé There are three major formats for writing a résumé: Chronological: This is the most common format. It is similar to the traditional Curriculum Vitae (CV) used in many countries. It describes your work and education history, starting from the present and working backwards. This is a good format if you are looking for work similar to your recent work experience. Functional: This format allows you to focus on your skills and experiences that relate to your career goal, rather than on the type of jobs you have held. Job titles and employment dates are listed separately, at the end of the résumé. This format is useful for people who want to change careers or who are not currently working in their preferred field. Combination résumé l 35

42 Combination: This is a combination of features from the chronological and functional résumé. It usually starts with a brief personal history, a summary of your skills specific to the job you want, and then your work history. This format is recommended for those with a steady work history who are seeking advancement. Writing your cover letter All job applications should have a résumé and a cover letter. A cover letter introduces your resumé when you are applying for a specific job or making contact with a potential employer. A cover letter serves two purposes: Some employers may have more than one job position open. Your cover letter tells them quickly which job you are applying for. It briefly tells the employer why you are the right candidate for the job. Cover letter tips: Start by stating the job you are applying for and how you heard about it. If the job advertisement had a competition number, include the number. Target your cover letter. That means write a cover letter that is specifically worded just for the job you are seeking in that organization. Focus on the requirements described in the job advertisement, or that you learned through your research. In your letter, state how your skills meet these requirements. Highlight specific examples from your background that demonstrate your skills and strengths, and explain how these skills relate to the job. Tell the employer how your international training or contacts within other countries will help them. Close by saying you are available for an interview or discussion about other opportunities. Check your letter carefully for any spelling mistakes. Get someone else to read it and give feedback. Keep it short. Your letter should be only one page long. 36 l

43 These are examples of cover letters. You can learn more about writing résumés and cover letters by contacting an employment specialist with WINS, a career resource centre, or an employment centre. Visit Scotia.ca/Looking_ for_work for a list of contacts, and links to sites on preparing job search tools. Preparing your portfolio A portfolio is a collection of items that demonstrate your skills and achievements. These documents can be displayed in a professional-looking binder or in electronic format. A portfolio is a useful way to prove to employers you have the right skills for the job. Making contact with a potential employer Some of the things you can put in your portfolio include: certificates awards letters of recommendation performance appraisals samples of your work When you go to an interview, you can use the items in your portfolio to demonstrate your transferable skills. For example, if an employer asks about your leadership skills, you can answer by telling the employer about a specific time you used those skills to help a project succeed, then show the employer the award you received for that project. When an employer asks about how well you can use a computer, you can answer by showing a computer presentation you created at your previous job. You can also show the certificate you received for your computer training. For more information on developing a portfolio contact WINS, or a career resource or employment centre. Applying for an advertised job l 37

44 The weather is better than other cities and the people are nice.. JUN FANG, MANAGER, CHINA References References are people who are willing to talk to a potential employer about how you are suitable and qualified for the job. List the names, titles, addresses, telephone numbers, and addresses of at least three references. If possible, try to include Canadian references. However, it is acceptable to use former overseas employers, particularly if they speak English. The best references are previous employers but you can also ask language teachers, professors or other people that know you and are willing to speak positively about you. Make sure you get permission from all of the people you put on your list before you use them as references. You will bring this list of references with you when you have an interview. References are different from letters of recommendation. Letters of recommendation are letters from former employers describing such things as your work experience, work ethic, accomplishments and personal qualities. You may have some from your first country. These can be very useful in your portfolio. Be sure to get them translated into English. Preparing for a job interview If an employer selects your résumé and cover letter for the short list, you may be called for an interview. A job interview is a conversation you will have in person with a potential employer. You may speak to just one person, or to a small group. You may also be called back for more than one interview. Sometimes, you will be interviewed over the telephone. During this conversation they will ask you to expand on the information on your résumé. You will also be asked a variety of questions. There are four common types of interview questions: General questions Technical questions Situational questions Behavioural questions Examples of general questions are: Why should we hire you for this job? or Tell us what you know about our company. Your answers will tell the interviewer that you have done some research about their company. They will also reveal your personal and professional goals and experience. 38 l

45 When interviewers ask technical questions they are assessing your specific knowledge related to the job. They may be checking your knowledge of Canadian occupational codes, standards, processes, and machinery. Examples are: How does an X work? or Tell us what you know about X. You may also be asked to demonstrate a skill, such as using a computer or giving a short presentation. Your answer to a situational question will tell the employer how you would handle a common workplace situation. Employers ask these questions to check your problem solving, leadership, management, and decision-making skills. An example is: What would you do if you could not meet a deadline? or How would you handle a situation where you disagreed with your supervisor? Employers ask behavioural questions because they want to know how you would react to a specific situation. They are looking for more than a yes or no answer. They want specific examples of your past experience. Some behavioural questions are: Tell us about your proudest workplace accomplishment. and Give us an example of a time when you worked as a member of a team. You should be prepared to answer all four types of questions. You can do this by learning as much as possible about the company and the job ahead of time and practice answering questions. Be sure to review your résumé before the interview and think carefully about your previous education and work experience. The job ad will also give you clues about what the interviewers will ask. Get a friend or employment specialist to help you with a practice interview. At the conclusion of the interview, the employer will ask if you have any questions. Employers like it when you ask questions because it demonstrates your interest and enthusiasm, so be sure to have a few questions prepared. Ask about the company s goals and future directions as well as opportunities for professional development. Do not ask about salary and benefits yet! l 39

46 Employers like it when you ask questions, so be sure to ask questions about the company s goals and objectives, the working conditions and the people you would be working with. Do not ask about salary and benefits yet! Interview Checklist: Before you go to a job interview. Research the position and the company or organization carefully. Review your résumé. Bring a clean copy of your résumé with you, along with your list of references, and your portfolio, if you have one. Practice answering the four types of questions. Be sure to make reference to the information in your résumé. Do not assume that the person interviewing you has read your résumé. Make sure you know how to get to the interview location which bus you need to take, where to park, and so on. Find out how much time you need to get there. Plan to get to your interview minutes early. Do not be late. Make a good impression by dressing in a way that is appropriate for that company. Make sure you look neat, clean, and well groomed for your interview. Do not make other plans too close to the time your interview is supposed to end. Sometimes job interviews go a little longer than expected. You might want to plan to park in a place that won t have you worried about the parking meter. Follow up with a thank you note immediately after the interview. In your note, thank the interviewer for his or her time, and restate that you are very interested in the job. You can learn more about creating tools for your job search by checking out the links at You can also take a workshop at a WINS or career resource centre or at an employment centre. Universities and community college career centres all provide workshops on résumé and cover-letter writing, and job interview skills, too. Try to find a workshop that provides you with an opportunity to practice your interview skills in a mock (pretend) interview. You can also learn more about job interviews by taking the New Beginnings Interview Skills Workshop through the WINS program. It is available in a classroom setting and also online. 40 l

47 Getting Nova Scotian work experience and references One of the biggest challenges you may face in your job search is getting Canadian work experience and references. In order to get experience, you need to get a job. But in order to get the job, you need to have experience! The good news is, there are many ways to get local work experience if you are willing to be flexible and creative. These include: Transitional jobs. This is a job related to your field, but is not necessarily your final goal. For example, if you are a teacher, you could work as an administrative assistant at a school. Transitional jobs can have many benefits. Transitional jobs are opportunities to get Canadian work experience, learn about local workplace culture, network with other people in the workforce, and improve your English language skills. Work placements. You can take a Work Placement Program through the WINS program that will give you six weeks of on-the-job, Nova Scotian work experience with an employer in your field. You will not be paid, but you will get valuable work experience, professional contacts and a work reference. You will also get to network with many people in your field of work and observe the organizational culture. Almost 80 per cent of people who choose to do a work placement get jobs in their field within three months. Contact WINS for more information about the Work Placement Program. Volunteering. Many Nova Scotians volunteer. Employers like to see volunteer work on résumés because it shows the person is interested in the community. Volunteering is also an excellent way to meet and network with other people who may help you find the right job. While you will not be paid for volunteering, you may get a Nova Scotian job reference. Try to choose volunteer work that matches the work you would like to do. l 41

48 Short-Term/Contract jobs. You probably want a full-time permanent job. But today, many employers advertise jobs as short-term or contract positions. They may be called casual and can give you good experience. Often, these short-term, casual jobs can lead to permanent employment. Some employers promote from inside the company, and if you are working in one of these positions, you may be able to move into a more permanent job. Do not refuse a job because it is part-time or casual. The most important thing is to take the first step into the Canadian workforce. Are you interested in starting your own business? Would you like to assess whether self-employment is right for you? Would you like to learn more about writing a business plan? You can find links to information about starting a business in Nova Scotia at Business. You can also meet with the staff at the Immigrant Business Development Services (IBDS) unit at MISA for valuable information about resources and supports. You can also contact Entrepreneurs Forum s program, Business Advisory Services at You can get more information by reading the book Connections: An Immigrant s Guide to Starting a Business in Nova Scotia. You can get a free copy of this book by calling MISA at the number above or the Canada-Nova Scotia Business Service Centre. 42 l

49 What else do you need to know? This chapter covers: Workplace culture in Nova Scotia Why it is important to work well in a team Why you should keep improving your skills Your rights as an employee l 43

50 Workplace culture in Nova Scotia Workplace culture describes the rules for behaviour in a group or organization. You may find that workplace culture in Nova Scotia is different in some ways from workplace culture in your home country and similar to others. There may be different manners, processes, and ways of working. It is important that you understand and learn these ways of working so you feel comfortable working in Canada and will be successful in your career. You may find that workplace culture in Nova Scotia is different from workplace culture in your home country. This guide will help you understand a few of the workplace culture basics. You can also learn about Canadian workplace culture by taking the New Beginnings Working in Canada workshop through the WINS program. While you are on the job, watch how others behave and fit in. Do not be afraid to ask questions. Meeting new people In Nova Scotia, both men and women will smile, shake hands, and say How are you or Pleased to meet you when they first meet someone. You can expect this to happen in a job interview or when you are introduced as a new employee. Generally, Canadian workplaces are casual, and most people will go by their first names. You may find this very different if you are used to working in a more formal environment. However, very high-ranking people are usually addressed formally. That means using Mr., Ms., or Dr. before their last name. If you are not sure, ask your supervisor, or listen to how other co-workers address each other. In some cultures around the world, it is considered impolite to make direct eye contact, especially with a more senior person or someone of the opposite gender. However, in Canada, direct eye contact is very important. In Canadian culture, to look someone in the eye signifies that you are honest, straightforward, and friendly. Always remember to remove your sunglasses when speaking to someone. Canadians, compared to other nationalities, do not touch each other very often when they are talking in the workplace. It is also considered polite to stand about 60 cm (2 feet) back from each other when talking. If you stand any closer, it may make the other person uncomfortable. Of course, Canadian workplaces can be very diverse, so you may find some workplaces and people are different. 44 l

51 You may find that workplace culture in Nova Scotia is different in some ways from workplace culture in your home country and similar to others. There may be different manners, processes, and ways of working. It is important that you understand and learn these ways of working so you feel comfortable working in Canada and will be successful in your career. Language Canada has two official languages: English and French. In most Nova Scotian workplaces, English is the language most frequently used. If you are in a group of people, do not speak in a language that others in the group do not understand because it will make them feel uncomfortable. If you do speak in a language foreign to the other people, translate into English so the other people feel included. Canadians also try to keep emotions restrained in public. Even if you are arguing a point, do not shout or raise your voice. You will also need to learn which hand gestures and body language are acceptable, and which ones are considered impolite. Dressing for work Every workplace has its own style of dress. If you are going for a job interview and are unsure of how to dress, use your past experiences to help decide or ask a friend for advice. Job interviews are formal meetings, so dress accordingly. Banks and law firms often require business dress that is a shirt, tie, suit, dress pants and dress shoes for men, and a suit, blouse, skirt of an appropriate length or dress pants, pantyhose and dress shoes for women. Some offices are more casual and allow khaki or denim pants and golf style shirts with or without a jacket. Take your cues from the people you see working at the workplace. Always be well groomed and clean. In the skilled trades, you will be expected to dress with safety in mind. That means steel-toed boots, hard hats and other protective equipment, as well as pants made from a rugged material, such as denim. l 45

52 It is very important to be on time in Canada. Depending upon your job position, you may be expected to show up a little ahead of time so you will be ready to start working when your workplace opens. Personal hygiene, scents, and smoking Most workplaces in Nova Scotia are designated scent free. That means workers do not wear perfumes, colognes, or scented lotions when at work. Some people are sensitive to strong scents. That is why workplaces are scent free. It is still very important to practice good personal hygiene. That means taking a daily shower or bath, and using deodorant. In addition, make sure your clothes are also clean and do not smell of cooking odours or cigarette smoke. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes is banned in all public places in Nova Scotia, including offices, restaurants, public transportation, malls, and hospitals. Hours of work Each workplace sets its own hours. The most common office hours are Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Many workplaces in the service sector will have evening and weekend hours. Hospitals and some factories are open 24 hours a day. It is very important to be on time in Canada. Depending upon your job position, you may be expected to show up a little ahead of time so you will be ready to start working when your workplace opens. In all situations, if you are going to be late, you should call your supervisor and explain why you will be late. Some places of work will expect you to make up any lost time by staying late or working through a break. During your orientation, your employer will tell you how much time you are allowed for breaks and meals each day. It is important to come back on time from these breaks because other workers may have to wait for your return before they can take their break. Your employer may have a policy and procedure manual that will tell you more about the company s workplace culture. 46 l

53 Why it is important to work well in a team Teamwork is an important word in Nova Scotian workplaces. Most occupations involve some form of teamwork that means groups of people working toward a common goal. Even if your job is something you work on alone, you are always part of a larger organization. That is the team. Success on the job is 60 per cent skills and 40 per cent attitude. Being a good team player is all about attitude. How can you be a good team player? Be positive and friendly. Nobody likes to work with someone who complains a lot. Employers like to hire people with a positive attitude because those people are usually the most productive workers. They also influence others with their positive attitude. Teamwork is an important word in Nova Scotian workplaces. Take pride in your work. When you do your job well, you are working well for the team. You will also influence others to work hard too. Do every job to the best of your ability. In Canada, hard work is respected. Most Canadians have done basic service jobs during their working life. It is how many Canadians started their first work experience. Co-operate. Be willing to help out and try new things. These are valuable opportunities to build relationships at work and learn new skills. Take initiative. If you have ideas to improve a process or help the company, share them. Take responsibility. Everyone likes to get the credit for a job done well, but when things go wrong it is a very mature person who accepts the mistake. Do not try to cover a mistake up. Never blame someone else. Take the responsibility and explain what you will do to correct the situation. l 47

54 As the new person in an occupation, you might be asked to do jobs you feel are below your skill level. Keep in mind that many of your co-workers started the same way. Keep an open mind. When you are willing to listen to the ideas of others, others will talk to you. They will certainly listen when you share ideas of your own. So never dismiss other people s ideas in a way that might insult them or hurt their feelings. By listening you might hear what is good in the idea and you will build work relationships. Be customer-focused. You might not realize that your job is in customer service. Perhaps your work is out of the public eye but that does not mean your work does not affect the customer. Also, it is helpful to think of your co-workers, your supervisor, and the owner of the company as your customers as well. The work you do helps them. Why you should keep improving your skills As the new person in an occupation, you might be asked to do jobs you feel are below your skill level. Keep in mind that many of your co-workers started the same way. If you maintain a positive attitude, you may learn something new, and you will certainly show that you are a good team player. Today s workplace is constantly changing due to new technology, new processes, and new markets. Employers value workers who keep their skills up to date, because those workers will be ready to help the employer face these new challenges. Make sure you tell any potential employer that you are continuing your training to improve your skills. This will make you a more attractive job candidate. Even after you get a job in Nova Scotia, it is important that you continue learning. Look for opportunities for professional development and further training. This will help you with your job and will make you more employable if other jobs become open. Once you are working, your employer may be able to help you find appropriate training workshops. Do not hesitate to ask your supervisor or manager about opportunities for ongoing professional development. 48 l

55 What are your rights as an employee? In Canada, there are two main types of laws to protect workers. The first type is federal law. Federal laws are laws that are the same across Canada. The two federal laws about the Canadian workplace are: Charter of Rights and Freedoms Employment Equity Act There is also the Canadian Human Rights Code, which covers federally regulated employers. The second type of law that protects workers is provincial. Provincial laws apply just to one province. In Nova Scotia, the following laws are focused on workplaces and employment: Human Rights Pay Equity Labour Standards Occupational Health and Safety Workers Compensation Human Rights Nova Scotia's Human Rights Act is a provincial law that states every person is free and equal in dignity and rights without regard to age, race, colour, religion, creed, sex (gender), sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, ethnic, national or aboriginal origin, family or marital status, source of income or political belief, affiliation or activity. You can find more information on Nova Scotia s Human Rights Act on their website at: l 49

56 Pay Equity and Labour Standards The Nova Scotia Labour Standards Code protects you as an employee. It sets minimum standards for employment that include: payment for work hours of work, rest periods, and days of rest overtime and overtime pay vacations and holidays pregnancy/parental, court, and bereavement leave how the employer can end the employment employment of children You can find out more about Nova Scotia Labour Standards at employmentrights Occupational Health and Safety In Nova Scotia, the Occupational Health and Safety Act provides the rules for monitoring the safety of employees and employers. Both employers and employees are responsible for creating a safe workplace. It is your responsibility to report safety violations and hazards. It is also your responsibility to follow safety rules. It is the employer s responsibility to enforce safety rules and have a safe workplace. The Occupational Health and Safety Division gets involved when employers do not follow and enforce rules or when an accident happens. You can learn more at Workers Compensation In Nova Scotia, the Workers Compensation Act provides the rules for compensating injured employees in the workplace. Most types of businesses must have workers compensation insurance to protect both the employers and the workers. You can find more information about workers compensation at 50 l

57 Resources Work in Nova Scotia (WINS) Program The Metropolitan Immigrant Settlement Association (MISA) Suite Chebucto Place Halifax, NS Halifax Immigrant Learning Centre (HILC) Suite Chebucto Place Halifax, NS This is a bridging program that you can customize to your own needs to help you reach your employment goals. Services available through this program include: Employment Counselling you can work with an employment specialist to establish goals and develop flexible and customized plans of action. Workplace Language Programs English for Work and Business for diverse employment backgrounds Language Learning Strategies for high-level learners Professional Series to increase communication skills for successful workplace integration Write Right provides opportunities to practice the professional skills needed to be more effective in the Canadian workplace. l 51