Slahaddin University College of Science Geology Department Field Geology. Theodolite Tripod (Leveling)

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1 Slahaddin University College of Science Geology Department Field Geology Theodolite Tripod (Leveling)

2 Leveling Leveling may be defined as an operation for the measurement of the difference in the elevations between points or for the determination of the elevation of certain points above some given plane or surface known as the datum surface as the mean sea level (MSL). Purpose In geology projects leveling is required for various purposes, such as for setting out pipe lines, thickness of formation and topographic map drawing, distance etc. Equipment used in leveling 1- Level: ( A- Leveling head, B Telescope,C- Bubble tube ) 2- Levelling Staff 3- Tripod 4- Level field book for recording observation LEVEL: composed of level head it is contain a telescope to view the staff leveling during operation, and field view, also it has two focus for clear the objective, with a tube bubble for level the instrument, sometime the ground is level but the bubble is not in the center by using the three black screw blow the head we can center it Telescope 3 screws Bubble

3 LEVELING STAFF: The staff or ruler using in the leveling to determine the elevation in different points above sea level always the staff composed of (4 m.)for example in the figure below the focus of telescope located between (11-12) this mean ( cm) but not on the (120 cm) it more than (120 cm by (5 cm ) from this reason in the leveling we have three digit reading called top (T), bottom (B)and middle horizontal, T= 124 cm write (1.250) B= 110 cm write (1.100) M= 117 cm write (1.170)

Fix screw Three wing screws How to set up a theodolite 1- Unfold and extend legs to desired length and tighten three wing

4 TRIPOD: to carry the head level we need the tripod, it is composed of three wing screw are using to increasing and decreasing height according to the person height although tripod has fixing screw for tightenthe head. Fix screw Three wing screws How to set up a theodolite 1- Unfold and extend legs to desired length and tighten three wing screws. 2- Insert leveling head onto the central fixing screw and tighten by it. 3- Set legs firmly in ground with foot pressure. Fix screw Head Three wing screws Ground

5 When setting up your tripod, the legs should be pulled gently apart and spaced in the shape of an equilateral triangle. With the tripod legs spaced apart from each other, the points on each leg should be pushed into the ground to create a sturdy, stable support system for the tripod. When making sure the tripod is level, adjust the head to make a flat surface before attaching any sort of laser level or measuring tool. After the head of the tripod is level, it is important to properly seat the legs. o Never bend the legs. o Push the legs into the ground gently at an angle. When using an adjustable-leg tripod, make sure the legs are clamped at the appropriate height for the user.

6 General Terms Used In Leveling 1- Stations: The point whose elevation is to be found out. It is the place where the staff is held in position the point at which the level is set up is not a station. 2- Back Sight (BS): It is the first staff reading after the setting up of the instrument. The elevation of this point is known. 3- Fore Sight (FS): It is the last staff reading taken from a setting of the level. 4- Reduced Levels or Elevation (RL): The levelsof various points taken as heights above the datum surface. 5- Bench Mark (BM): It is the point of known elevation. 6- Change Point (CP): It is the station where both the fore sight and back sight are taken. It denotes the shifting the instrument. It is also called a turning point. 7- Intermediate sight (IS): It is any other staff reading taken from the setting of the level in between the back sight and fore sight. Station BS IS FS Rise Fall RL Remarks A BM B CP

7 Types of Level 1- Automatic Level 2- Dumping Level 3- Tilting Level 4- Y- Level 5- Cooks Level

Health Safety & Security 1- Your equipment must not cause an obstruction. 2- You must not put yourself or others in danger. 3- Easy for work and practice, with many purpose.

8 Health Safety & Security 1- Your equipment must not cause an obstruction. 2- You must not put yourself or others in danger. 3- Easy for work and practice, with many purpose. 4- Do not set up over loose materials or cables. 5- Do not carry an instrument on a tripod. 6- Keep all accessories within arm's length. 7- Do not leave equipment unattended.

9 Caring for your Tripod It is important to keep your tripod clean before and after each time of use. Proper lubrication of the tripod joints is necessary to avoid wear and tear. To keep them in good operating condition, adjustable-leg tripods legs should be lubricated occasionally. A silicone-based lubricant works best because it does not collect dirt like a grease lubricant. Transporting your Tripod It is important to protect your tripod when transporting it to, from and around the jobsite. Wrapping your tripod in a piece of heavy material will provide your tripod with proper cushioning in a fall. It is important not to place other equipment on top of your tripod. When transporting your tripod short distances, it is not necessary to remove the level or other leveling devices from the head completely. For longer distances, make sure the leveling device is safely disconnected from the tripod. Never carry your tripod over the shoulder; this could result in knocking the device into other equipment or other workers. Storing your Tripod When storing your tripod, it is important to clean it properly. Storing your tripod without proper cleaning can result in challenges with equipment during its next use. Tripods are best stored in corners or hanging from hooks. Leaning a tripod against a wall can lead to the equipment falling and being damaged. Protective caps should be placed on the head of the tripod to prevent damage when not in use.

10 Construction of Leveling Table Station BS IS FS Rise Fall RL Remark A BM B CP C CP D CP E CP F Check BS - FS = Rise - Fall = Last RL First RL = =

Leveling-Theory, Methods, Equipments, Filed procedure and Computation

Leveling-Theory, Methods, Equipments, Filed procedure and Computation Dr. Khalil Al-Juboori UOB Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Semester 2 2013-2014 3/21/2014 Dr. Khalil Al-Juboori 1 Outline