Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications. Version 2.1, June 2014

Transcription

1 Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Version 2.1, June 2014

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3 Contents Executive Summary Background of the Project Structure of the tool PART I National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Section 1: Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC 1-1 Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC 1. Overview of reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties 2. Submission schedule for Annex I Parties under UNFCCC 3. Reporting requirements for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties i. Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) ii. Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) 4. Review procedures for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties 5. Reporting requirements for Biennial Reports of Annex I Parties 6. Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF 7. Overview of International Assessment and Review 8. Process of International Assessment and Review 9. Overview of Technical review of BR 10. Process of Technical review of BR 11. Reporting requirements for National Communications of Annex I Parties 12. Outline and general structure of the NC of Annex I Parties 13. Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties 14. Process of technical review of NC 15. Relationship between NGI, BR and NC in terms of reporting elements 1-2 Reporting and review for non-annex I Parties under the UNFCCC 1. Overview of reporting and review requirements for non- Annex I Parties 2. Submission schedule for non-annex I Parties under UNFCCC 3. Reporting requirements for Biennial Update Reports of non-annex I Parties 4. Reporting elements of the BUR 5. Technical annex regarding REDD+ activities 6. Reporting requirements for National Communications of non-annex I Parties 7. Reporting elements of the NC of non-annex I Parties 8. Overview of International Consultation and Analysis 9. Process of International Consultation and Analysis 10. Relationship between BUR and NC in terms of reporting elements Section 2 Requirements and functions of a national inventory arrangements 1. Definition of national arrangements 2. Functions and tasks for preparing the GHG inventory 3. General roles and necessary capacities of individual team members 4. Possible allocation of responsibilities of members 5. Possible structure for GHG inventory team 6. Possible institutional setup 7. Necessary capacities for preparing GHG inventories 8. Process for preparing the BUR and NC 9. Issues to consider 2 /136

4 Contents Section 3 Case Studies - Example of the development of National Inventory Arrangement - 1. Current National Inventory Arrangement of Japan 1. Ministry of the Environment (MOE) 2. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) 3. Relevant Ministries 4. Relevant Organizations 5. Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods 6. Private Consultant Companies 7. Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG) 2. History of National Inventory Arrangement of Japan 1. Phase 1 ( ) 2. Phase 2 ( ) 3. Phase 3 ( ) 4. Phase 4 ( ) 5. Phase 5 (2009-) 3. Mongolia 1. Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangements for the Second NC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Second NC 4. Palau 1. Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangements for the Second NC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Second NC 4. Myanmar 1. Background on Myanmar and NC/GHG inventories 2. The National Arrangements of INC 3. Key challenges of preparing the Initial National Communications 5. Indonesia 1. Background on Indonesia and NC/GHG inventories 2. The Current National Arrangements 3. Key challenges 6. Vietnam 1. Background on Vietnam and NC/GHG inventories 2. The Current National Arrangements 3. Key challenges 7. Lao People's Democratic Republic 1. Background on Lao PDR and NC/GHG inventories 2. The national arrangement for the Second NC 3. Key challenges Section 4 Findings/Summary PART II Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications Section 1 Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories Section 2 Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports and National Communications References 3 /136

5 Executive Summary UNFCCC provisions for national reporting by developing countries has evolved in recent years, resulting in enhanced reporting and the process of subsequent consideration of the reported information. In 2011 and 2012, decisions were taken at the UNFCCC, requiring non-annex I Parties to report National Communications every four years and Biennial Update Reports every two years starting In addition, it was decided that the Biennial Update Reports would undergo an International Consultation and Analysis process in which technical experts would analyze the reports and a workshop on the reports would be held. Non Annex I Parties must make transition from a temporary project-based approach to a more permanent institution based approach to support the new cycle of activities related to national GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, to take place on a regular basis. This supporting materials identifies the necessary functions/skills/competences for complying with the new reporting regime and identified key issues for Parties to take into consideration when developing a roadmap to strengthen the national arrangements, its functions, and ability to sustainably compile the reports for submission to the UNFCCC, with a specific focus on GHG inventories. This supporting materials also provides a list of the publicly available technical tools to prepare the GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports,. 4 /136

6 Background of the Project The Ministry of Environment Japan has been implementing projects in developing countries in an effort to support the development of low carbon societies. The GHG inventory, Biennial Update Reports, are important tools that contain information on Parties progress in meeting the objectives of the UNFCCC, and information on the needs and challenges of the Party to do so. These tools are the foundation for developing and monitoring climate change mitigation policies and measures so that Parties can develop low carbon societies. The objective of this project is to support the strengthening the national arrangements for preparing the GHG inventory, Biennial Update Reports,. We hope that non Annex I Parties use this supporting materials to enhance their national arrangements and comply with the UNFCCC reporting requirements independently on a regular basis. 5 /136

7 Structure of the tool Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Section 1: Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC Section 2: Requirements and functions of national arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications preparations Section 3: Case Studies Section 4: Findings/Summary Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications Section 1: Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories Section 2: Technical tools for preparing Biennial Update Reports 6 /136

8 Part I National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, 7 /136

9 Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Section 1 Reporting requirements and review under the UNFCCC 8 /136

10 Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Section 1-1 Reporting and review for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC 9 /136

11 Overview of reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties Reporting and review requirements for Annex I Parties under the UNFCCC are as follows; National GHG inventories (NGI) Submit annually. Contain GHG emissions and removals and relevant information such as activity data, emission factors and methodologies used to estimate these emissions and removals. Subject to review by Expert Review Teams (ERTs). Biennial Reports (BR) Submit biennially. Contain information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends, quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (QERT), progress in achievement of QERT, projections and provision of support to developing countries. Subject to International Assessment and Review (IAR). National Communications (NC) Submit every four years. Contain information on national GHG inventory, policies and measures, projections, vulnerability assessment and adaptation measures, financial resources and technology transfer, research and systematic observation, education, training and public awareness. Subject to technical review by ERTs Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a), UNFCCC.(2011), UNFCCC.(1999) 10 /136

12 Submission schedule for Annex I Parties under UNFCCC Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Kyoto Protocol 1 st commitment period National GHG Inventories (NGI) : annually Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment period New framework (under negotiation) NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI NGI Biennial Reports (BR) : biennially (since January 2014) 1 st BR 2 nd BR 3 rd BR 4 th BR 5 th BR National Communications (NC) : every four years 5 th NC 6 th NC 7 th NC 8 th NC 11 /136

13 Reporting requirements for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties Elements Guidelines Principles Submission due date Composition Base year Gases Sectors Methodology GWPs Details Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories (Decision 24/CP.19) Transparent, Consistent, Comparable, Complete and Accurate (TCCCA). 15 April each year Common reporting format (CRF) : a series of standardized data tables containing mainly numerical information and submitted electronically National Inventory Report (NIR) : a comprehensive description of the methodologies used in compiling the inventory, the data sources, the institutional structures and quality assurance and control procedures 1990 (Some Economies in Transition Parties (EITs) are allowed to use a base year or a period of years other than 1990) carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) Energy Industrial processes and other product use (IPPU) Agriculture Forestry and other land-use (AFOLU) Waste 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories (2006 IPCC Guidelines) Values listed in Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a) 12 /136

14 Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Table Table1 Table2 Table3 1 SECTORAL REPORT FOR ENERGY 1.A(a) 1.A(b) 1.A(c) 1.A(d) 1.B.1 SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR ENERGY COMPARISON OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION Contents Fuel combustion activities - sectoral approach Fuel combustion activities - reference approach Feedstocks, reductants and other non-energy use of fuels Solid fuels 1.B.2 SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR ENERGY Oil, natural gas and other emissions from energy production 1.C CO2 Transport and storage 1.D 2(I) 2(I).A-H SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE International aviation and international navigation (international bunkers) and multilateral operations Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O 2(II) SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3 2(II).B-H SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE 3 SECTORAL REPORT FOR AGRICULTURE 3.A Sources of fluorinated substances Enteric Fermentation 3.B Manure Management 3.C Rice Cultivation 3.D SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR AGRICULTURE Direct and indirect N2O emissions from agricultural soils 3.E Prescribed burning of savannahs 3.F Field burning of agricultural residues 3.G-I CO2 emissions from liming, urea application and other carbon-containing fertilizers) Reference: UNFCCC. (2013b) 13 /136

15 Outline of Common Reporting Format (CRF) (-cont.) Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Table Table4 Table5 4 SECTORAL REPORT FOR LAND USE, LAND-USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY 4.1 LAND TRANSITION MATRIX 4.A Forest land 4.B Cropland 4.C Grassland 4.D Wetlands 4.E Settlements Contents 4.F Other land SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR LAND 4(I) USE, LAND-USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY Direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) inputs to managed soils 4(II) Emissions and removals from drainage and rewetting and other management of organic and mineral soils 4(III) 4(IV) 4(V) Direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) mineralization/immobilization associated with loss/gain of soil organic matter resulting from change of land use or management of mineral soils Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from managed soils Biomass Burning 4.G Harvested wood products (HWP) 5 SECTORAL REPORT FOR WASTE 5.A Table6 Table7 Table8 Table9 Table10 Summary1.A Summary2 Summary3 Solid waste disposal 5.B SECTORAL BACKGROUND DATA FOR Biological Treatment of Solid Waste 5.C WASTE Waste Incineration 5.D Wastewater treatment and discharge CROSS-SECTORAL REPORT: Indirect emissions of N2O and CO2 SUMMARY OVERVIEW FOR KEY CATEGORIES RECALCULATION COMPLETENESS - INFORMATION ON NOTATION KEYS EMISSION TRENDS SUMMARY REPORT FOR NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES SUMMARY REPORT FOR CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS SUMMARY REPORT FOR METHODS AND EMISSION FACTORS USED Reference: UNFCCC. (2013b) 14 /136

16 Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) Chapter EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Trends in greenhouse gas emissions Chapter 3: Energy (CRF sector 1) Details ES.1. Background information on greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and climate change ES.2. Summary of national emission and removal-related trends ES.3. Overview of source and sink category emission estimates and trends ES.4. Other information (e.g. indirect GHGs) 1.1. Background information on GHG inventories and climate change 1.2. A description of the national inventory arrangements 1.3. Inventory preparation, and data collection, processing and storage 1.4. Brief general description of methodologies (including tiers used) and data sources used 1.5. Brief description of key categories 1.6. General uncertainty evaluation, including data on the overall uncertainty for the inventory totals 1.7. General assessment of completeness 2.1. Description and interpretation of emission trends for aggregated GHG emissions 2.2. Description and interpretation of emission trends by sector 3.1. Overview of sector (e.g. quantitative overview and description, including trends and methodological tiers by category) 3.2. Fuel combustion (CRF 1.A), including detailed information on: Comparison of the sectoral approach with the reference approach International bunker fuels Feedstocks and non-energy use of fuels Category (CRF category number), including Category description, Methodological, Uncertainties and time-series consistency, Category-specific QA/QC and verification, Category-specific recalculations including changes made in response to the review process and impact on emission trend, Category-specific planned improvements including tracking of those identified in the review process Fugitive emissions from solid fuels and oil and natural gas and other emissions from energy production (CRF 1.B) Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as CO2 transport and storage (CRF 1.C) Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a) 15 /136

17 Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) (-cont.) Chapter Chapter 4: Industrial processes and product use (CRF sector 2) Chapter 5: Agriculture (CRF sector 3) Chapter 6: Land use, land-use change and forestry (CRF sector 4) Chapter 7: Waste (CRF sector 5) Chapter 8: Other (CRF sector 6) Chapter 9: Indirect CO2 and nitrous oxide emissions Chapter 10: Recalculations and improvements Details 4.1. Overview of sector 4.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as Overview of sector 5.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as Overview of sector 6.2. Land-use definitions and the classification systems used and their correspondence to the land use, land-use change and forestry categories (e.g. land use and land-use change matrix) 6.3. Information on approaches used for representing land areas and on land-use databases used for the inventory preparation 6.4. Category (CRF category number) : sub-section under this section is same as Overview of sector 7.2. Category (CRF category number): sub-section under this section is same as if applicable 9.1. Description of sources of indirect emissions in GHG inventory 9.2. Methodological issues 9.3. Uncertainties and time-series consistency 9.4. Category-specific QA/QC and verification, if applicable 9.5 Category-specific recalculations, if applicable, including changes made in response to the review process and impact on emission trend 9.6. Category-specific planned improvements, if applicable (e.g. methodologies, activity data, emission factors, etc.), including tracking of those identified in the review process Explanations and justifications for recalculations, including in response to the review process Implications for emission levels Implications for emission trends, including time-series consistency Planned improvements, including in response to the review process Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a) 16 /136

18 Outline and general structure of the national inventory report (NIR) (-cont.) Chapter Annex 1: Key categories Annex 2: Assessment of uncertainty Annex 3: Detailed methodological descriptions for individual source or sink categories Annex 4: The national energy balance for the most recent inventory year Annex 5: Any additional information References Details Description of methodology used for identifying key categories, if different from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 approach Information on the level of disaggregation Tables 4.2 and 4.3 of volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, including and excluding land use, land-use change and forestry Description of methodology used for identifying uncertainties Table 3.3 of volume 1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines A.3.X (sector or category name) as applicable. All references used in the national inventory report must be listed in the references list. Reference: UNFCCC. (2013a) 17 /136

19 Review procedures for GHG inventories of Annex I Parties Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Review stage Initial check Synthesis and assessment Individual review Details Initial check is a simple quality assurance check to verify that the GHG inventory submitted by Parties is complete and reported in the correct format. The result is a status report which contains a brief check of completeness of the GHG inventory. Synthesis and assessment consists of two parts. Part I includes the information on comparison of basic inventory information such as emission trends, activity data and implied emission factors, across Parties and over time. Part II provides a preliminary assessment of the GHG inventory of each Party. Individual review is conducted by Expert Review Team (ERT) to examine the data, methodologies and procedures used for preparing the national GHG inventory. Individual reviews are conducted as a centralized review, where approximately 4-5 GHG inventories are reviewed by an ERT or an in-country review, where a single inventory is reviewed by an ERT. This is the most important and detailed review stage. 20xx 20xx+1 April May August September April GHG inventory submission Initial check Synthesis and Assessment In-country Review (once in approx. every 5 years) Publication of review report GHG inventory submission Centralized Review By UNFCCC secretariat By UNFCCC secretariat By Expert Review Teams coordinated by UNFCCC secretariat Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 18 /136

20 Reporting requirements for Biennial Reports of Annex I Parties Elements Guidelines Submission due date Composition Detail UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties (Decision 2/CP.17, Annex I) 1 st BR: 1 January nd and subsequent BRs: two years after the due date of a full national communication (NC). (2016, 2020 ) In the years when the full NC are submitted, BRs should be presented as an annex to the NC or a separate report. (2018, 2022 ) Biennial Report (BR) consist of the following two materials; BR (text) : an annex to the NC or a separate report Common Tabular Format (CTF) : Tables for reporting information on elements required in the UNFCCC BR reporting guidelines. Reference: UNFCCC. (2011) 19 /136

21 Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Chapter Elements CTF I. Information on greenhouse gas emissions and trends II. Quantified economywide emission reduction target III. Progress in achievement of quantified economywide emission reduction targets and relevant information IV. Projections Summary information from the national greenhouse gas inventory on emissions and emission trends National inventory arrangements - (a) Base year, (b) Gases and sectors covered, (c) GWP, (d) Approach to counting emissions and removals from LULUCF sector, (e) Use of international market-based mechanisms in achieving its emission reduction target, (f) Any other information A. Mitigation actions and their effects Information on its mitigation actions (Name of mitigation action, Sector affected, GHG(s) affected, Objective and/ or activity affected, Type of instrument, Status of implementation, Brief description, Start year of implementation, Implementing entity or entities, Estimate of mitigation impact) Information on changes in its domestic institutional arrangements - Detailed information on the assessment of the economic and social consequences of response measures - B. Estimates of emission reductions and removals and the use of units from the market-based mechanisms and land use, land-use change and forestry activities Reporting on progress in achieving the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (summary) Further information on mitigation actions relevant to the contribution of LULUCF sector Reporting on progress on Kyoto Protocol units and Other units Updated projections for 2020 and 2030 Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projections analysis Information on updated greenhouse gas projections (with measures scenario, without measures scenario, with additional measures scenario) Changes since its most recent national communication in the model or methodologies used for the preparation of projections and supporting documentation Table1 Table2 (a)-(f) Table3 Table4 Table4(a)I, II Table 4(b) Table5 Table6 - Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2012) 20 /136

22 Outline and general structure of the BR and CTF (-cont.) Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Chapter Elements CTF V. Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties VI. Other reporting matters Description of its national approach for tracking of the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to non-annex I Parties. A. Finance Description of the underlying assumptions and methodologies used to produce information on finance. - Description on how it seeks to ensure that the resources it provides effectively address the needs of non- Annex I Parties with regard to climate change adaptation and mitigation. Provision of public financial support (Summary) Provision of public financial support (contribution through multilateral channels) (Donor funding, Total amount, Status, Funding source, Financial instrument, Type of support, Sector) Provision of public financial support (contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels) (Recipient country/ region/project/programme, Total amount, Status, Funding source, Financial instrument, Type of support, Sector, Additional Information) B. Technology development and transfer (Recipient country and/or region, Targeted area, Measures and activities related to technology transfer, Sector, Source of the funding for technology transfer, Activities undertaken by, Status, Additional information) C. Capacity-building (Recipient country/ region, Targeted area, Programme or project title, Description of programme or project) Domestic arrangements established for the process of the self-assessment of compliance with emission reductions in comparison with emission reduction commitments or the level of emission reduction that is required by science. Progress made in the establishment of national rules for taking local action against domestic non-compliance with emission reduction targets. Any other information that the Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its biennial report. - - Table7 Table7(a) Table7(b) Table8 Table9 - Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2012) 21 /136

23 Overview of International Assessment and Review Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, IAR process is conducted through 1) Technical review by ERT and 2) Multilateral assessment under the SBI for reviewing and assessing the progress made in achieving emission reductions and the provision of support by developed country Parties reported in the BR. Elements Objective Process Scope Timing Input Output Explanation Review the progress made in achieving emission reductions Assess the provision of financial, technological, and capacity-building support to developing country Parties Assess emissions and removals related to quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets under the SBI (a) Technical review (b) Multilateral assessment (a) All emissions and removals related to its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target (QERT) (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (b) Assumptions, conditions and methodologies related to the attainment of its QERT (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (c) Progress towards the achievement of QERT (reviewed and multilaterally assessed); (d) Its provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties (reviewed); Every two years in accordance with the BR submission The 1 st round of IAR commence two months after the submission of the 1 st BR submission BR (where relevant in conjunction with the GHG inventories and NCs) Record prepared by the secretariat which includes in-depth review reports, the summary report of the SBI, questions submitted by Parties and responses provided, and any other observations by the Party under review that are submitted within two months of the working group session of the SBI Reference: UNFCCC. (2011) 22 /136

24 Process of International Assessment and Review Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Technical review Multilateral assessment BR (document & CTF) (NGI, NCs) Examine the consistency of the annual GHG inventory with the BR and NC. (not include in-depth examination of the inventory itself) Review progress in emission reductions and removals related to the quantified economy-wide emission reduction target. Output Technical review reports Response to questions from other Party(within two months). Those questions and answers will be published on the UNFCCC website. Make a brief oral presentation Oral questions and responses Output Record prepared by the secretariat which includes; in-depth review reports Summary report of the SBI Questions submitted by Parties and responses provided Any other observations by the Party under review that are submitted within two months of the working group session of the SBI by ERTs under the SBI Other review reports of NGI and NCs Written questions from other Party Reference: UNFCCC. (2011) 23 /136

25 Overview of technical review of BR The technical review of BR is the first step of the international assessment and review (IAR) process. The overview of technical review of BR is the following: Elements Guidelines Purpose Procedures Time frame Details Decision 23/CP.19 Annex Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention PART IV: UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of biennial reports from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention To provide a thorough and comprehensive technical review of the parts of BRs that are not otherwise covered in the annual GHG inventory review. To examine in an objective and transparent manner whether quantitative and qualitative information was submitted by Annex I Parties in accordance with the UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties adopted by the COP. To promote consistency of the information contained in BRs submitted by Annex I Parties. To assist Annex I Parties in improving their reporting of information and the implementation of their commitments under the Convention. To undertake an examination of the Party s progress in achieving its economy-wide emission reduction target. To ensure that the COP has reliable information on the implementation of commitments under the Convention by each Annex I Party with a view to promoting comparability and building confidence. In the years when NCs and BRs are submitted together: Both the NC and BR will be subject to an in-country review. In the years when the BR is not reported in conjunction with the NC: The BR shall be subject to a centralized review. Within 15 months Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 24 /136

26 Overview of technical review of BR (-cont.) Elements Scope Identification of issues Output Details (a) Provide an assessment of the completeness of the BR, in accordance with the reporting requirements contained in decisions 2/CP.17 and 19/CP.18, and an indication of whether it was submitted on time; (b) Examine the consistency of the BR with the annual GHG inventory and NC but it will not include in-depth examination of the inventory itself; (c) Undertake a detailed technical examination of only those parts of the BR that are not included in the annual GHG inventory review, including the following: (i) All emissions and removals related to the Party s quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (ii) Assumptions, conditions and methodologies related to the attainment of the Party s quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (iii) Progress the Party has made towards the achievement of its quantified economy-wide emission reduction target; (iv) The Party s provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties; (a) Transparency; (b) Completeness; (c) Timeliness; (d) Adherence to the biennial report reporting guidelines as per decision 2/CP.17. Technical review report, including an examination of the Party s progress in achieving its economy-wide emission reduction target. Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 25 /136

27 Process of technical review of BR BR In-country review or Centralized review (by ERT) Draft technical review report Review for comment to draft technical review report (by AI) Final technical review report published and forwarded to the COP, together with any written comments on the final review report by the Party additional information from Party 1 week 2 weeks 8 weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks within 15 months Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 26 /136

28 Reporting requirements for National Communications of Annex I Parties Elements Guidelines Submission due date 6 th NC: 1 January 2014 Detail Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications (Decision 4/CP.5, FCCC/CP/1999/7) Frequency Every four years (7 th NC: 2018) Reference: UNFCCC. (1999), UNFCCC.(2012) 27 /136

29 Outline and general structure of the NC of Annex I Parties Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chapter II. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES RELEVANT TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS III. GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY INFORMATION, INCLUDING INFORMATION ON NATIONAL SYSTEMS AND NATIONAL REGISTRIES IV. POLICIES AND MEASURES V. PROJECTIONS AND THE TOTAL EFFECT OF POLICIES AND MEASURES VI. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION MEASURES VII. FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY VIII. RESEARCH AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION IX. EDUCATION, TRAINING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS ANNEXES A. Summary tables B. Descriptive summary Elements A. Policy-making process B. Policies and measures and their effects C. Policies and measures no longer in place A. Projections B. Assessment of aggregate effects of policies and measures C. Methodology A. Expected impacts of climate change B. Vulnerability Assessment C. Adaptation measures A. Provision of new and additional financial resources B. Assistance to developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to climate change D. Activities related to transfer of technology A. General policy on research and systematic observation B. Research C. Systematic observation Summary tables on emission trends Reference: UNFCCC. (1999) 28 /136

30 Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Elements Guidelines Purpose Procedures Time frame Explanation Decision 24/CP.19 Annex Guidelines for the technical review of information reported under the Convention related to greenhouse gas inventories, biennial reports and national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention PART V: UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of national communications from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention To establish a process for a thorough and comprehensive technical review of the implementation of the commitments under the Convention by individual Annex I Parties and Annex I Parties as a group; To examine in an objective and transparent manner whether quantitative and qualitative information was submitted by Annex I Parties in accordance with the Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications adopted by the COP; To promote consistency of the information contained in the NCs of Annex I Parties; To assist Annex I Parties in improving their reporting of information under Article 12 of the Convention and the implementation of their commitments under the Convention; To ensure that the COP has reliable information on the implementation of commitments under the Convention by each Annex I Party and Annex I Parties as a whole. in-country review Within 15 months Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 29 /136

31 Overview of technical review for NC of Annex I Parties (-cont.) Elements Scope Identification of issues Output Explanation (a) Provide an assessment of the completeness of the NC in accordance with the Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on national communications adopted by the COP, and an indication of whether it was submitted on time; (b) Check the consistency of information contained in the NC with that contained in the BR and GHG inventory. If the same information is reported elsewhere, the information should be reviewed only once; (c) Undertake a detailed technical examination of the unique information contained in the NC and the procedures and methodologies used for the preparation of the information therein, noting that the outline of the NC is included in the list below: (i) National circumstances relevant to GHG emissions and removals; (ii) GHG inventory information; (iii) Policies and measures; (iv) Projections and the total effect of policies and measures; (v) Vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures; (vi) Financial resources; (vii) Transfer of technology; (viii) Research and systematic observation;7 (ix) Education, training and public awareness; (d) Giving consideration to national circumstances, identify any potential issues. (a) Transparency; (b) Completeness; (c) Timeliness; (d) Adherence to the NC reporting guidelines as per decision 4/CP.5. NC review report Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 30 /136

32 Process of technical review of NC NC In-country review (by ERT) Draft NC review report Review for comment to draft review report (by AI) Final NC review report published and forwarded to the COP, together with any written comments on the final review report by the Party additional information from Party 1 week 2 weeks 8 weeks 4 weeks 4 weeks within 15 months Reference: UNFCCC. (2013c) 31 /136

33 Relationship between NGI, BR and NC in terms of reporting elements National Circumstances NC Quantified economywide emission reduction target (QERT) NGI BR Progress in achievement of QERT Vulnerability Assessment, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures GHG emissions and trends Policies and Measures Projections Research and Systematic Observation Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties Education, Training and Public Awareness 32 /136

34 Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Section 1-2 Reporting and review for non-annex I Parties under the UNFCCC 33 /136

35 Overview of reporting and review requirements for non-annex I Parties Reporting and review requirements for non-annex I Parties under the UNFCCC are as follows; Biennial Update Reports (BUR) Submit biennially. Contain information on national circumstances, national GHG inventory, mitigation actions and their effects, constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc. Subject to International Consultations and Analysis (ICA). National Communications (NC) Submit every four years. Contain information on national circumstances, national GHG inventory, mitigation measures, adaptation measures, vulnerability assessment, constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs, etc. No review process Reference: UNFCCC.(2002b), UNFCCC. (2011) 34 /136

36 Submission schedule for non-annex I Parties under UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol 1 st commitment period Kyoto Protocol 2nd commitment period New framework (under negotiation) Biennial Update Reports (BUR) : biennially (since December 2014) 1 st BUR 2 nd BUR 3 rd BUR 4 th BUR 5 th BUR National Communications (NC) : every four years NC NC NC 35 /136

37 Reporting requirements for Biennial Update Reports of non-annex I Parties Elements Guidelines Submission due date Frequency Target year of GHG inventory Detail UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision 2/CP.17, Annex III) 1 st BUR: December 2014 (* SIDS and LDCs may submit BURs at their discretion) Every two years (i.e. 2 nd BURs: 2016) BUR shall cover, at minimum, the calendar year no more than four years prior to the date of submission, or more recent years. (i.e. 1 st BURs shall cover 2010) Reference: UNFCCC. (2011) 36 /136

38 Reporting elements of the BUR Elements (a) National circumstances (b) National GHG inventory, including a national inventory report (c) Mitigation actions and their effects (d) Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs (e) Information on the level of support received to enable the preparation and submission of BURs; (f) Information on domestic measurement reporting and verification; (g) Any other information Detail Information on national circumstances and institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of the NCs on a continuous basis; Update of national GHG inventories according to the guidelines for the preparation of NCs. Inventory years : calendar year no more than 4 years prior to the date of submission or more recent years. Consistent time series back to the years reported in the previous NCs. Methodologies : Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines and IPCC good practice guidance (a) Name and description of the mitigation action (b) Methodologies and assumptions (c) Objectives of the action and steps taken or envisaged to achieve that action (d) Progress of implementation of the mitigation actions and the underlying steps taken or envisaged, and the results achieved (e) Information on international market mechanisms. Updated information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacity-building needs Updated information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacity-building and technical support received from the GEF, developed country Parties and multilaterals institutions Information on support received for the preparation of the BURs. - Any other information that the non-annex I Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its BURs. Reference: UNFCCC. (2011) 37 /136

39 Technical annex regarding REDD+ activities As additional or supplemental information, non-annex I Parties may supply a technical annex including sectorspecific information (e.g. information on REDD+). Non-Annex I Parties seeking to obtain and receive payments for results-based actions is requested to supply following data and information through the technical annex of BUR; The estimation of anthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks Forest carbon stocks Forest carbon stock and forest-area changes. Note: Above information and data should be transparent, and consistent over time and with the established forest reference emission levels and/or forest reference levels (REL/RL). Upon the request of the developing country Party seeking to obtain and receive payments for results-based actions, two LULUCF experts from the UNFCCC roster of experts, one each from a developing country and a developed country Party, will be included among the members selected for the technical team of experts under the ICA. Although Safeguard Information System (SIS) of REDD+ is still under negotiation in UNFCCC, Non-Annex I Parties implementing REDD+ will be requested to supply information on safeguards referred in appendix 1 of decision 1/CP.16 through the BUR. 38 /136

40 Reporting requirements for National Communications of non-annex I Parties Elements Guidelines Submission due date Frequency Detail Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (Decision 17/CP.8) 1 st NC: within three years of the Convention for that Party coming into force, or of the availability of financial resources in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3 of the Convention. (* LDCs may make their initial NCs at their discretion.) 2 nd and 3 rd NC: The deadlines for submitting 2 nd and 3 rd NCs have not been decided. But COP11 decided that each non-annex I Party should make all efforts to submit 2 nd and 3 rd NCs within four years of the initial disbursement of financial resources. Every four years Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC. (2002) 39 /136

41 Reporting elements of the NC of non-annex I Parties Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Elements National circumstances National GHG inventory General description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention Other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs Other information Details Description of national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances Description of existing institutional arrangements relevant to the preparation of their NCs on a continuous basis. Information on GHG emissions and removals Year : 1 st NC=1994 or 1990, 2 nd NC=2000 Methodologies : Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines and IPCC good practice guidance Gas : CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O (shall) HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 (encourage) Adaptation Measures Vulnerability Assessment Mitigation Measures Technology transfer Research and systematic observation Education, training and public awareness Capacity-building activities Information and networking Constraints and gaps, financial, technical and capacity needs and activities for overcoming the constraints and gaps Financial resources and technical support provided by GEF, Annex II Parties or multilateral/bilateral institutions Proposed projects for financing Information on implementing adaptation measures Country-specific technology needs and assistance received from developed country Parties and the financial mechanism of the Convention Additional or supporting information Reference: UNFCCC. (2002) 40 /136

42 Overview of International Consultation and Analysis Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Elements Modalities and guidelines Objective Process Timing Input Output Explanation Modalities and guidelines for international consultation and analysis (Decision 2/CP.17 Annex IV) Increase of the transparency of mitigation actions and their effects of Non-Annex I Parties (* ICA is nonintrusive, non-punitive and respectful of national sovereignty) (** Discussion on the appropriateness of such domestic policies and measures is NOT part of ICA) (a) Technical analysis (by a team of technical expert (TTE)) (b) Facilitative exchange of views (under SBI) Every two years 1 st ICA commence within six months of 1 st BUR submission. (* Special flexibility of the frequency of ICA are given to SIDS and LDCs) BUR Summary report Record of the facilitative sharing of views Reference: UNFCCC. (2011) 41 /136

43 Process of International Consultation and Analysis Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Technical analysis Facilitative sharing of views BUR Additional technical information provided by the Party Technical analysis of BURs in a single location Draft Summary report Review and comment on draft report (by NAI) Final Summary report Brief presentation by the Party on their BURs Oral questions and answers among Parties. Outcome Summary report Record of the facilitative sharing of views within 3 months within 3 months within 3 months Written Questions by TTEs workshop under the SBI Composition of TTE TTE is composed of UNFCCC roster of experts who have successfully completed the CGE training program. At least one and up to one third of the TTE is CGE member, and majority of TTE come from non-annex I Parties. The secretariat selects the TTE guided by the CGE. Modalities of workshop The SBI convene a workshop for facilitative sharing of views. This WS open to all Parties. 1-3 hour session for each Party. Parties may request to present individually or in a group of up to five Parties. Reference: UNFCCC. (2011), UNFCCC.(2013d) 42 /136

44 Relationship between BUR and NC in terms of reporting elements NC National circumstances and institutional arrangement BUR Vulnerability Assessment Domestic MRV GHG inventory Mitigation actions and effects Adaptation Measures Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity needs Research and Systematic Observation Education, Training and Public Awareness 43 /136

45 Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Section 2 Functions and requirements of national arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications preparations 44 /136

46 Definition of national arrangements National arrangements are a set of legal, procedural, institutional arrangements relations between people and institutions to ensure the sustainable preparation of GHG inventory, Biennial Update Report, National Communications of standard quality. Establishing national arrangements are particularly important to non Annex I Parties as they prepare for the regular reporting and the ICA process under the UNFCCC. Types of arrangements Legal arrangements Institutional arrangement Procedural arrangement Examples Regulation, directives, law, decree, decision or other legal instrument to establish a permanent national entity and GHG inventory team. Regulation, directives, law, decree, decision or other legal instrument to formally assign roles and responsibilities to relevant government institutions. Any arrangement needed for the data providers to cooperate with the national entity. Contracts or Memorandums of Understanding between national entity and data provider. Formalized work plan or Quality Assurance/Quality Control plan 45 /136

47 Functions of national arrangements The general functions of national arrangements for GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs are of the following: Legalize/Formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs; Allocate responsibilities among stakeholders; Ensure cooperation between stakeholders; Ensure the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs; and Ensure sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process The national arrangements are established to ensure that the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC preparation cycle and the ICA preparation process run smoothly. 46 /136

48 GHG inventory preparation cycle Planning 1. Define roles and responsibilities 2. Define inventory products and milestones 3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory preparation 4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan 5. Establish necessary national arrangements 6. Prepare budget 7. Determine priorities Assessment 1. Assess the overall process and identify areas of improvement for the future (short term and long term). Documentation/Archiving 1. Ensure regular and systematic documentation and archiving. National arrangements Legal arrangements Institutional arrangements Procedural arrangements Data collection, emission/removal estimation 1. Determine data availability and quality 2. Determine methods and compile data 3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text sections 4. Undertake quality assurance/quality control procedures 5. Undertake key category analysis and uncertainty assessment 6. Complete reporting 7. Complete inventory improvement strategy Finalization of GHG inventory 1. Validation of results by national stakeholders 2. Revision of the GHG inventory as necessary 3. Officially approve the inventory products 47 /136

49 Third BUR Second BUR Typical GHG inventory preparation schedule Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, 12/ /2016 Submission of First BUR Submission of 2nd BUR Planning Data collection emission/removal estimation Finalization Documentation/ archiving Assessment Deliverables: Deliverables : Deliverables : Deliverables : Deliverables : Schedule and work plan Roles and responsibilities Rules of procedure Draft GHG inventory report Draft GHG inventory spreadsheets Final GHG inventory report Final GHG inventory spreadsheets Organized databases Organized resource reports Improvement plan Planning Deliverables : Schedule and work plan Roles and responsibilities Rules of procedure Note: the national entity, together with other stakeholders should develop a detailed plan/schedule identifying specific deliverables by stakeholder 48 /136

50 Legal Arrangements and Procedural Arrangements for GHG inventories Examples of legal arrangements: International commitment such as UNFCCC decisions to report NCs and BURs on a regular basis National regulation to commit the national government to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis National laws to establish stakeholders the roles and responsibilities The national entity or coordinating agency GHG inventory team Data providers to make data sharing mandatory Legal document to establish parameters to be used in the GHG inventory, etc. Examples of procedural arrangements: National guidelines that describes the process and schedule for preparing the GHG inventory National manual that describes the procedural issues in preparing the GHG inventory The data/report format Rules of procedures Issues with confidentiality 49 /136

51 Institutional Arrangements for GHG inventories Examples of institutional arrangements Document on assignment of roles and responsibilities Establish coordinator responsible for allocation of responsibilities, work plans, rules of procedures etc. Arrangements (contracts, MoUs) to ensure sufficient cooperation between stakeholders for timely performance Clarify and agree on roles and responsibilities and clearly defined tasks of stakeholders and individuals Memorandum of Understanding or contract between coordinating Agency and stakeholders to ensure data provision or other cooperation. MoU or contract to establish and inter-ministerial groups. GHG inventory preparation team Management team Technical Committee Steering Committee, etc. 50 /136

52 General roles and necessary capacities of institutions Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Position General roles Necessary capacities National Entity National Focal Point Data Providers Independent Entity GHG Inventory Team Responsible for inventory management and planning Overall supervision of GHG inventory development Management of contracts and delivery of GHG inventory Coordination with all stakeholders Identification of necessary resources to improve the inventory, specifically the data Submission of the GHG inventory Timely delivery of data in appropriate format Management of data acquisition, processing and reporting systems, quality assurance/ quality control requirements Communication with national entity conduct quality assurance activities Coordination with national entity to prepare the GHG inventory Scheduling of tasks and responsibilities Review of source data and identification of developments required to improve GHG inventory data quality Documentation and archiving Management of QA/QC plans Data acquisition, processing and reporting Delivery of GHG inventory products Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies Capacity to coordinate and lead the process Administrative skills Technical skills, legal authority to improve and enhance data collection Technical skills to review the GHG inventory Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft inventory report. Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies Note: some individuals or institutions may belong to more than one position 51 /136

53 Possible institutional setup for GHG inventories Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Focal Point Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Climate Change Office Responsible for submission of the GHG inventory Independent Entity Research institutions, auditing agencies, consultants Responsible for reviewing the draft/final inventory National Entity Department of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment Responsible for the preparation of the inventory GHG inventory team Research institutions, consultants Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory Data Providers Ministries, Government agencies, research organizations, regions, private companies, etc. responsible for providing input data (AD, EF, parameters) for the inventory Note: An organogram is useful to show the general roles and responsibilities between organization. However, a document detailing the exact roles and responsibilities is necessary, in addition to clear leadership by the National Entity. 52 /136

54 General roles and necessary capacities of individual team members Ideally, a centralized setup can facilitate knowledge/experience sharing between team members Coordinator Position General role Necessary capacities Inventory compiler Sector experts QA/QC coordinator provide overall planning, coordination, management and technical oversight of the inventory Overall data and document management. Combine sector experts work into a cohesive inventory product Identify an propose ways to resolve cross cutting issues Undertake research, data collection, calculations, drafting, quality control, archiving, and documentation. Coordinate with other sector experts to identify and resolve cross sectoral issues Overall quality assurance / quality control coordination and/or overall data and document management Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft report. Technical expertise to carry out estimation and draft report. A person with administrative expertise Note: a sector expert could also be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator especially if there is a limitation of human resources 53 /136

55 Possible allocation of responsibilities of members function tasks Team member 1. Define roles and responsibilities IC 2. Define inventory products and milestones IC General planning 3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory preparation IC, COM, SE 4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan IC, COM, SE 5. Establish necessary legal/ institutional arrangements IC 6. Prepare budget IC Sector specific planning 1. Assess categories, determine priorities SE, COM 2. Establish preparation schedule SE, COM 1. Determine data availability and quality SE Sector specific preparation 2. Determine methods and compile data SE 3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text sections SE 4. Complete quality assurance/quality control procedures SE, COM, QC 1. Undertake key category analysis COM General preparation 2. Complete reporting SE, COM 3. Complete documentation and archiving SE, COM, QC 4. Complete inventory improvement strategy SE, COM, IC Inventory coordinator: IC Inventory compiler: COM QA/QC coordinator: QC Sector experts: SE 54 /136

56 Possible structure for GHG inventory team Inventory coordinator Inventory compiler Working group members need to exchange information freely to facilitate GHG inventory preparation. Experts of different working groups also need to share information to identify and resolve cross cutting issues QA/QC Coordinator Energy Sector working group Industrial Processes Sector working group Agriculture Sector working group Land use Land use change and forestry Sector working group Waste sector working group Lead sector expert Lead sector expert Lead sector expert Lead sector expert Lead sector expert sector expert sector expert sector expert sector expert sector expert Note: one person may be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator. The inventory compiler may also be the lead expert in one (or more) sector(s) 55 /136

57 BUR/NC preparation cycle Planning 1. Define roles and responsibilities 2. Define products and milestones 3. Establish rules of procedure 4. Draft BUR/NC preparation schedule / work plan 5. Establish necessary national arrangements 6. Prepare budget 7. Determine priorities Assessment 1. Assess the overall process and identify areas of improvement for the future (short term and long term). Documentation/Archiving 1. Ensure regular and systematic documentation and archiving. National arrangements Legal arrangements Institutional arrangements Procedural arrangements Data collection, compilation 1. Determine data availability and quality 2. Collect data and compile reports 3. Undertake quality assurance/quality control procedures 4. Complete reporting Finalization of BUR/NC 1. Validation of results by national stakeholders 2. Officially approve the BUR/NC products 56 /136

58 Legal Arrangements and Procedural Arrangements for BUR/NC Examples of legal arrangements: International commitment such as UNFCCC decisions to report NCs and BURs on a regular basis National regulation to commit the national government to prepare BURs/NCs on a regular basis National laws to establish stakeholders the roles and responsibilities The national entity or coordinating agency BUR/NC team Data providers to make data sharing mandatory Examples of procedural arrangements: National guidelines that describes the process and schedule for preparing the BUR/NC National manual that describes the procedural issues in preparing the BUR/NC The data/report format Rules of procedures Issues with confidentiality 57 /136

59 Institutional Arrangements for BUR/NC Examples of institutional arrangements Document on assignment of roles and responsibilities Establish coordinator responsible for allocation of responsibilities, work plans, rules of procedures etc. Arrangements (contracts, MoUs) to ensure sufficient cooperation between stakeholders for timely performance Clarify and agree on roles and responsibilities and clearly defined tasks of stakeholders and individuals Memorandum of Understanding or contract between coordinating Agency and stakeholders to ensure data provision or other cooperation. MoU or contract to establish and inter Ministerial groups. BUR/NC preparation team Management team Technical Committee Steering Committee, etc. 58 /136

60 Possible institutional setup for the BUR/NC National Focal Point Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Climate Change Office Responsible for submission of the BUR/NC National Entity Department of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment Note: An organogram is useful to show the general roles and responsibilities between organization. However, a document detailing the exact roles and responsibilities is necessary, in addition to clear leadership by the National Entity. Responsible for the preparation of the BUR/NC General team Research institutions, consultants GHG inventory team Research institutions, consultants Mitigation team Research institutions, consultants Support team Research institutions, consultants Vulnerability/Adaptation team Research institutions, consultants Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the general sections Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the mitigation section Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the support section Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the V&A section Data Providers Ministries, government agencies, research organizations, regions, private companies, etc Responsible for providing input data or information for the BUR/NC 59 /136

61 Issues to consider Developing/Strengthening national arrangements is an ongoing process and may require several years to establish. Some of the national arrangements may take longer to establish such as legal arrangements. The key is to build on past experience and ensure that future processes can be improved. A critical issue is to identify the most efficient process and draft a rolling work plan for preparing the GHG inventory, and BUR/NC that can be updated as the Party strengthens its national arrangements. 60 /136

62 Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Section 3 Case Studies - Example of the development of National Inventory Arrangement - 61 /136

63 Section3: Case Studies - part 1 - Japan 62 /136

64 Current National Inventory Arrangement of Japan Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Request for revision of CRF and NIR Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Private Consultant Companies Other Stakeholder Organizations Data provision 63 /136 Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013)

65 1) Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions MOE is the single national entity responsible for preparing and submitting Japanese GHG inventory. MOE manages all inventory compilation process. MOE requests the relevant ministries/agencies for reviewing draft GHG inventory. MOE organizes the Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods for improving GHG inventory. Private Consultant Companies Data provision Other Stakeholder Organizations Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) 64 /136

66 2) Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Private Consultant Companies Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Other Stakeholder Organizations GIO performs the actual work of inventory compilation, which is responsible for inventory calculations, editing, and the archiving and management of all data. GIO implements the following work. collect and archive information and data request the relevant ministries/agencies to provide necessary data for inventory estimates GHG emissions prepare a draft GHG inventory (CRF & NIR) implement quality assurance/control (QA/QC) activities make public inventory data etc. GIO was established in the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in June 2002 mainly for preparation of annual GHG inventory. Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) 65 /136

67 3) Relevant Ministries Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Relevant ministries and agencies have the following roles and responsibilities. Preparation of activity data, emission factor data, and other data needed for inventory compilation, and submission of the data by the submission deadline. Quality control (QC) of the data provided to MOE and GIO. Confirmation and verification of the inventory (CRF, NIR, spreadsheets, and other information) prepared by MOE and GIO. Private Consultant Companies Data provision Other Stakeholder Organizations (When necessary), responding to questions from expert review teams about the statistics controlled by relevant ministries and agencies, or about certain data they have prepared, and preparing comments on draft reviews. (When necessary), responding to visits by expert review teams. Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) 66 /136

68 4) Relevant Organizations Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Relevant organizations have the following roles and responsibilities. Preparation of activity data, emission factor data, and other data needed for inventory compilation, and submission of the data by the submission deadline. (When necessary), responding to questions from expert review teams about the statistics controlled by relevant organizations, or about certain data they have prepared, and preparing comments on draft reviews. Private Consultant Companies Data provision Other Stakeholder Organizations Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) 67 /136

69 5) Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions The role of the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods which is organized by MOE is to consider the methods for calculating emissions and removals, consider the selection of parameters such as activity data and emission factors, and approve the revised inventory. Under the Committee, there are 6 breakout-groups that consider sector-specific issues and the Inventory Working Group (IWG) that consider cross-cutting issues. In addition, Taskforce on NMVOC is set up as an additional group under the IWG, which examines methodologies of NMVOC emissions Private Consultant Companies Data provision Other Stakeholder Organizations The inventory WG and breakout-groups comprise experts in various fields from university, research institution, industrial organization, etc. They consider suggestions for inventory improvement and the suggestions are considered once more by the Committee and approved. Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods Inventory Working Group Energy and Industrial Processes Transport F-gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3) Agriculture LULUCF Waste Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) NMVOC 68 /136

70 6) Private Consultant Companies Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Private Consultant Companies Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Other Stakeholder Organizations Private consultant companies that are contracted by MOE play the following roles based on their contracts. Quality control (QC) of inventory (CRF, NIR, spreadsheets, and other information) compiled by MOE and GIO. Providing support for MOE to conduct subgroups of the Committee for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methods. (When necessary), providing support for responding to questions from expert review teams. Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) 69 /136

71 7) Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG) Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Private Consultant Companies Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for revision of CRF and NIR National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Other Stakeholder Organizations GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group (QA-WG) is an organization for QA activities, and comprises experts who are not directly involved in inventory compilation. Its role is to assure inventory quality and to identify places that need improvement by conducting detailed reviews of each emission sources and sinks. QA-WG was put into place in 2009 in response to the indication from the expert review team that encouraged Japan to improve QA process. Reference: MOE, GIO.(2013) 70 /136

72 History of National Inventory Arrangement of Japan Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Beginning of GHG Inventory work in Japan A small inventory team consisting of Environmental Agency + private consultants prepared inventory with limited assistance from relevant ministries/agencies Inventory team: Environmental Agency + private consultants An ad hoc expert committee (9 members) was set up to consider revisions to comply with IPCC Guidelines Relevant ministries/agencies participated in the ad hoc committee. Inventory team: MOE + consultants An enhanced expert committee (about 60 members) was set up to consider improvements to the inventory Relationship between ministries/agencies was further enforced, but there was still some walls. Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had only a few members) Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (Consultants mainly prepared a draft inventory) The committee (about 60 members) continued to play a key role The relevant ministries/agencies were involved in the inventory development process more actively. The member of GIO increases gradually. Now is over 10. Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and consultants implement QC activities.) QA/QC plan was prepared in 2008 QA-WG was set up in Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO 71 /136

73 Phase 1 ( ) Small inventory team consisting of Environmental Agency + private consultants prepared inventory with limited assistance from relevant ministries/agencies Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory Ad hoc Request for Data Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Submission of the draft GHG inventory Request for GHG inventory compilation Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Private Consultant Companies Other Stakeholder Organizations Data provision 72 /136 Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

74 Phase 2 ( ) Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods was set up for developing and improving methodologies of GHG emissions. Other stakeholder organizations started to cooperate to GHG inventory preparation. Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory Request for Data Request for QC check Data provision Request for revision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results Data request Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Submission of the draft GHG inventory Request for GHG inventory compilation Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Private Consultant Companies Other Stakeholder Organizations Data provision 73 /136 Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

75 Phase 3 ( ) An enhanced expert committee (about 60 members) was set up to consider improvements to the inventory. Relevant ministries/agencies increased, but there was still some walls. Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Request for Data Request for QC check Data provision Request for revision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results Data request Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Submission of the draft GHG inventory Request for GHG inventory compilation Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Private Consultant Companies Other Stakeholder Organizations Data provision 74 /136 Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

76 Phase 4 ( ) Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had only a few members) The relevant ministries/agencies were involved in the inventory development process more actively. Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Request for revision of CRF and NIR Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Private Consultant Companies Other Stakeholder Organizations Data provision 75 /136 Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

77 Phase 5 (2009-) The member of GIO increases gradually. Now is over 10. Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants (GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and consultants implement QC activities.) QA-WG was set up. Committee for the GHG Emissions Estimation Methods GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working Group Request for revisions of Estimation Methods Examination and Approval of Revision proposal Request for QA of GHG inventory Report of QA results UNFCCC Secretariat Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Submission of GHG Inventory Ministry of the Environment (MOE) National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation Submission of the draft GHG Inventory Request for revision of CRF and NIR Submission of GHG Inventory National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO) Organization for actual work of GHG inventory Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for Data Request for QC check of CRF and NIR Request for revision of CRF and NIR Data request Data provision Relevant Ministries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Forestry Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Fire and Disaster Management Agency Ministry of the Environment, Other Relevant Divisions Private Consultant Companies Other Stakeholder Organizations Data provision 76 /136 Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

78 Section3: Case Studies - part 2 - Mongolia 77 /136

79 Background on Mongolia and NC/GHG inventories Mongolia signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified in1993. Mongolia submitted two National Communications to UNFCCC. Initial National Communication submitted in 2001 Second National Communication submitted in 2010 Mongolia will begin preparation for the 1 st Biennial Update Report (BUR) in National Communication Committee Conduct QA/QC procedures approval of the NC National Focal Point Responsible for NC submission to UNFCCC Ministry of Nature, Environment and tourism Responsible for the compilation of NC and implementatio of QA/QC Mitigation working group made up of consultants that conducted research and preparation of reports Data Providers national statistics, government agencies, etc. Adaptation working group made up of consultants that conducted research and preparation of reports Institutional sep up for the Second National Communication <Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.> 78 /136

80 The national arrangement for the Second NC Legal Arrangements The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation. Legal instrument was adopted to establish the technical working groups and the National Communication Committee. The Ministry of Environment contracted most preparation work to consultants. Institutional arrangements The roles and responsibilities were assigned by the Ministry of Environment, and there was no legal instrument describing each role/responsibility. Ministry level cooperation was not a challenge. Data providers had motivation to cooperate but institutions have a responsibility to disclose information. Procedural arrangements Work plan drafted by the consultants. Also sent to other stakeholders, finally approved by the ministry. <Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.> 79 /136

81 Key challenges of preparing the Second NC Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, Limited capacity of experiences. Limited experience with the IPCC methodologies Activity data collection was the main challenge in preparing the NC. Identifying the necessary data; The most important challenge was the activity data collection. Most of the data used was from national statistics but for other data, identifying the data sources was a challenge. Data collection is not systematic; Often times, there was no official national statistics or not statistics at all; Some categories has multiple data sources which showed conflicting data; It had been 10 years since the initial national communication. Had to start over. <Ministry of Environment Mongolia. Personal Interview. 2013, 2014.> 80 /136

82 Section3: Case Studies - part 3 - Palau 81 /136

83 Background on Palau and NC/GHG inventories Palau ratified the UNFCCC in Palau submitted Initial National Communications in 2002 Palau has completed the SNC draft and is finalizing it now Palau will begin preparation for the 1st Biennial Update Report (BUR) in Office for Environmental Response and Coordination Responsible for preparation of the National Communication Consultants Conduct and research and prepare reports Data providers Institutional sep up for the Second National Communication <OECD Palau. Personal Interview > 82 /136

84 The national arrangements for the Second NC Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, The legal arrangement The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation. Contracts made for consultants to do the preparation. Institutional arrangement The Office of the President outsourced most work to consultants. Office of the President: Responsible for compilation and submission. Consultants: Data collection, emission / projection estimation, drafting reports. Procedural arrangement No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Consultant works and drafts the report etc. Activity data collection. Not systematic. Not sufficient. Not official data. Data conflicting. Ad hoc. 10 years since the initial national communication. Starting over. <OECD Palau. Personal Interview > 83 /136

85 Key challenges of preparing the Second NC No human resources: work must be outsourced Limited capacity of experiences. Identifying the necessary data; collecting the data, making the estimations; It had been 10 years since the initial national communication.. In preparing the Initial and Second National Communication, the most important challenge is that we are starting over. <OECD Palau. Personal Interview > 84 /136

86 Section3: Case Studies - part 4 - Myanmar 85 /136

87 Background on Myanmar and NC/GHG inventories Myanmar ratified the UNFCCC in 1994 Myanmar submitted Initial National Communication in National Environmental Conservation Committee National forcal point Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Responsible for National Communications GHG inventory working groups (1) GHG inventory working groups (2) GHG inventory working groups (3) GHG inventory working groups (4) GHG inventory working groups (5) GHG inventory working groups (6) <Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview > 86 /136

88 The National Arrangements of INC The legal arrangement The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation. Institutional arrangement The relevant ministries are involved in the preparation of NC not on formal basis but on voluntary basis. Consultants: Data collection, emission / projection estimation, drafting reports. Procedural arrangement No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Participants works and drafts the report etc. Activity data collection. Not systematic. Not sufficient. Not official data. Data conflicting. <Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview > 87 /136

89 Key challenges in preparing the Initial National Communications The most serious issue on the preparation of GHG inventory and NC in Myanmar is a domestic system for the preparation, in short, Institutional Arrangement. Support related to system development so that the involvement and coordination of related ministries can proceed smoothly is necessary. Since the power of National coordinator is not strong, it is difficult to manage the relevant ministries and research institute. In addition, the government has little understanding of the necessity of GHG inventories. The data collection is difficult. It is ordinary difficult to share data between ministries. The data collection relies on human network of member of WGs. <Technical expert of Myanmar. Personal Interview > 88 /136

90 Section3: Case Studies - part 5 - Indonesia 89 /136

91 Background on Indonesia and NC/GHG inventories Indonesia has signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified in1994 Indonesia submitted two National Communications to UNFCCC. Initial National Communication submitted in 1999 Second National Communication submitted in 2011 Indonesia has begun preparation for the 1 st BUR and Third National Communication. Indonesia is currently working on a capacity building project with JICA to enhance its capacity to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis. S I G N Center Laporan Inventarisasi GRK Nasional DNPI UNFCCC Kementerian Perindustrian Kementerian Pertanian Kementerian Perhubungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Kemenko Kesra <JICA workshop materials, workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia,2013> 90 /136

92 The Current National Arrangements The legal arrangement Presidential Regulation 71 requires Indonesia to prepare GHG inventories on a regular basis. It also assigns The Ministry of Environment as the coordinating agency for GHG inventories. Line Ministries to prepare their own sectoral GHG inventories. Provinces to prepare its provincial GHG inventory Institutional arrangement Although the Presidential Regulation 71 assigns the broad responsibility to Ministries and provinces, the details of the roles are not articulated in any document. There is a GHG inventory unit within the Ministry of Environment and an office with the role to compile the national GHG inventory. Procedural arrangement There is a document describing the procedures. <JICA workshop materials, workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia,2013> 91 /136

93 Key challenges Lack of coordination between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency. Line Ministries have limited experience with the IPCC methods The data collection is difficult. Disclosing data to other ministries is a challenge. <JICA workshop materials, workshop on GHG inventories in Indonesia,2013> 92 /136

94 Section3: Case Studies - part 6 - Vietnam 93 /136

95 Background on Vietnam and NC/GHG inventories Vietnam has signed UNFCCC in 1992, and ratified in1994. Vietnam submitted two National Communications to UNFCCC. National system design QC checklists provision DMHCCC Oversight of process Inventory submission Initial National Communication submitted in 2003 Second National Communication submitted in Technical support IMHEN/VEA Determining methodologies Preparing estimation files Preparing Inventory reports Technical advice, QC 2010 Vietnam has begun preparation for the 1st Biennial Update Report (BUR) Vietnam is currently working on a capacity building project with JICA to enhance its capacity to prepare Technical support Official Statistics Data provision National Consultants Data collection Institutions Provinces Ministries TSAG Trial Scientific Advisory Group GHG inventories on a regular basis. <JICA workshop materials, workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam,2013> 94 /136

96 The Current National Arrangements The legal arrangement There is no legal document for preparing a national GHG inventory, but the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is in the process of drafting a legal instrument for preparation of a national GHG inventory. Institutional arrangement The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is in the process of preparing a legal instrument that will include information on the roles and responsibilities of all relevant stakeholders. There are no arrangements between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency. Procedural arrangement There is a general work plan for preparing the GHG inventory. However it is not shared with all stakeholders. <JICA workshop materials, workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam,2013> 95 /136

97 Key challenges Lack of coordination between the line Ministries and the coordinating Agency. The roles and responsibilities of the Ministries are unclear. The data collection is difficult. Disclosing data to other ministries is a challenge. <JICA workshop materials, workshop on GHG inventories in Vietnam,2013> 96 /136

98 Section3: Case Studies - part 7 - Lao People's Democratic Republic 97 /136

99 Background on Lao PDR and NC/GHG inventories National Environment Committee Lao PDR signed UNFCCC in 1995, and ratified in1996 Lao PDR submitted two National Communications to UNFCCC Initial National Communication submitted in 2000 Integrating body that provides overall policies and approval for National GHG inventory report Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) Having overall responsibility to provide guidance and direction Second National Communication submitted in 2013 Lao PDR will begin preparation for the 1 st Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2014 or 2015 (under discussion). The 1 st BUR will be prepared by using components of 3 rd National Communication which is under preparation and will be finalized until Second NC Project Board Department of Natural Disaster Management and Climate Change Having overall responsibility of monitoring, supervising and guiding the TWGs Energy TWG Industry TWG Agriculture TWG LUCF TWG Waste TWG Institutional set up for the second National Communication <Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Lao PDR (2013) Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR (2013).> 98 /136

100 The national arrangement for the Second NC Legal Arrangements The UNFCCC served as the legal basis for NC preparation There is no legal document for preparing a national GHG inventory The responsible department of Lao PDR* contracted most preparation work to international consultants Institutional arrangements The responsible department as the coordinating agency for GHG inventories organizes adhoc Technical Working Group consist of line ministries for accelateing works related to NC preparation Ministry level cooperation was a challenge. Data providers had motivation to cooperate but institutions have a responsibility to disclose information. Procedural arrangements No procedures exist in preparing the NC. Consultant works and drafts the report etc. *Water Resources and Environment Administration (WREA) was responsible department until 2011) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) is responsible Ministry after 2011 <Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Lao PDR (2013) Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR (2013).> 99 /136

101 Key challenges The most serious issue on the preparation of NC and GHG inventory is lack of human resources and capacity of experiences Lack of human resources who are as trainer in each sector and organize stakeholders in Central and Provincial Governments Most of works must be outsourced to domestic and international consultants Limited experiences of GHG inventory preparation in line with the IPCC methodologies Adequate and accurate activity data collection, especially in Energy and LUCF (AFOLU) sectors, was also challenge Statistics data or database in each sector is also an issue. It is because that Lao PDR had some times of reorganization of government ministries, then statistics data, especially in past years, are not managed very well <Ministry of Environment, Laos. Personal Interview Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Lao PDR (2013) Second National Communication of Climate Change of Lao PDR (2013).> 100 /136

102 Part I: National Arrangements for GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, and National Communications Section 4 Findings/Summary 101 /136

103 Challenges regarding national arrangements and possible solutions Common Challenges Possible Solutions Legal No legal instrument to assign roles and responsibilities No legal mandate for institutions to provide data or information to inventory compiler Lacking legal agreements and data-sharing mandates Draft agreement or legal document with clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the institutions involved. Procedural Limited systems for data management and reporting starting over. Insufficient documentation from previous inventories Draft a QA/QC plan, guidelines, or manual with all stakeholders and revise every cycle as necessary. Learn from other countries that have established a well respected data management systems. Consider bilateral exchanges to share experience. Institutional Unclear roles and responsibilities Lack of political will and buy-in from across stakeholders Weak coordination capacity across national institutions and agencies/ministries Difficulty in maintaining expert human resources - loss of institutional memory and capacity Draft agreement or MoU clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the institutions involved. Establish coordination mechanism between governmental departments Develop a common understanding of the objectives across all relevant stakeholders. Promote awareness of the UNFCCC requirements and the importance of GHG inventories. 102 /136

104 Other Challenges and possible solutions Common Challenges Possible Solutions Individual Lack of human resources: work must be outsourced Difficulty in maintaining expert human resources Staff institutions sufficiently and provide staff with training on methodologies. Ensure that the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC documents are detailed and transparent so that the reports can be reproduced by new staff. This can also be used as training material for incoming staff. Promote awareness within government institutions of the importance of GHG inventories. Data Lack of data Ensure that the data providers and the national entities have the authority to enhance the data collection system by, for example, involving the Statistics Agency into the GHG inventory process. Establish legal arrangements to ensure that necessary data for the GHG inventory can be collected. 103 /136

105 Other observations Strengthening the national arrangements for GHG inventories has been a continuous process in Japan, and has evolved over two decades of experience. In most countries, the coordination or cooperation between institutions is a key challenge, but in some countries like Mongolia or Palau, this is not viewed as a barrier. All countries have data availability issues. However, there is no complete list of missing data or a prioritization of developing the statistics. Some countries are in the process of preparing for the regular reporting of BURs and NCs while others are still considering the way forward. All countries have an organogram that shows the institutional setup for preparing the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs, but most countries do not have a detailed paper or agreement paper that clearly describes the roles and responsibilities, the schedule, etc. of all stakeholders. 104 /136

106 Developing a roadmap for strengthening national arrangements Most non Annex I Parties have already prepared GHG inventories in the past. The key issue is to take the arrangements made in the past and strengthen them so comply with the regular reporting under the UNFCCC. As stated in an earlier slide, the general functions of national arrangements are of the following: Legalize/Formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs; Allocate responsibilities among stakeholders; Ensure cooperation between stakeholders; Ensure the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs; and Ensure sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process All functions above must be addressed by the country s system in order to sustainably prepare the GHG inventory, BUR, and NC. However, the necessary set of arrangements depends on national circumstances. Non Annex I Parties have different combinations of arrangements in place, but meeting all components is a challenge. Parties need to develop a cycle of reviewing its national arrangements, identify gaps, and develop a roadmap for strengthening the arrangements. 105 /136

107 Process of enhancing national arrangements Step1: Carry out Gap Analysis: Assess the current status of the national arrangements to identify the strengths and weaknesses Step2: Develop long term plan to strengthen national arrangements taking into consideration national circumstances and priorities Step3: Implement the long term plan Step4: Review the national arrangements and continue to strengthen national arrangements as necessary, ensuring that the system can comply with any additional requirements of the UNFCCC provisions. 106 /136

108 Getting Started Countries will have different requirements and methods to establish national arrangements, depending on the structure of government, culture, and other national circumstances. What kinds of arrangements are necessary in your country to ensure the general functions of the national arrangements (formalize commitments, allocation of responsibilities, ensure cooperation, ensure quality, ensure sustainability)? Questions for the national entity Is a legal instrument necessary to legalize/formalize the commitment to regularly prepare GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs? How can clearly defined responsibilities be agreed and allocated among stakeholders? How can the cooperation between stakeholders be ensured? How can the quality of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs be assured? How can the sustainability of the GHG inventory, BURs, and NCs preparation process be ensured? 107 /136

109 Challenges in enhancing national arrangements Legal Arrangements: Although legal arrangements are the most stringent type of arrangement, drafting legal documents and getting them approved or legalized often take a long time, in some countries, years. Meanwhile, the UNFCCC has biennial deadlines for BURs and waiting for legal documents to go into effect may not be the best strategy for many countries. Institutional Arrangements: Most non Annex I Parties have already prepared GHG inventories and National Communications in the past. The key issue is to take the arrangements made in the past and strengthen them so comply with the regular reporting under the UNFCCC. Memorandums of Understanding, contracts, agreement documents may suffice to permanently establish GHG inventory, BUR/NC institutions and facilitate coordination. A key issue however, is for all stakeholders to buy in and agree to the roles and responsibilities. This may take some time to discuss and negotiate, but usually will not take as long as getting a legal document passed. Procedural Arrangements: Most non Annex I Parties have outsourced much of the GHG inventory, NC work to independent experts or consultants that produced the deliverables. To institutionalize the processes, the national entity should contract these experts to produce a document which explains the processes and methods that the reports were produced so the next team can build on their experiences. This is an activity that can be done without the coordination of stakeholders, and perhaps most important. 108 /136

110 Organizational Structure Some countries have a centralized organizational structure where GHG inventory team members belong from a single institution and others have a decentralized system where members are from several different institutions. The structure will have implications on the necessary arrangements that need to be in place patterns Centralized teams Decentralized teams Key points Legal arrangements may not be required to allocate responsibilities or determine the rules of procedure. However, there may still be a need for legal documents for data collection. Establishing institutional arrangements is still a high priority for data collection. The procedural arrangements is important to keep institutional memory and also to ensure coordination among the data providers. Legal arrangements may be necessary to ensure coordination between members. This may be time consuming but has binding power. The national entity will need to show leadership to facilitate the agreement on detailed roles and responsibilities, the rules of procedure, etc. Establishing institutional arrangements should be a high priority, but leadership from the national entity is a requisite. The procedural arrangements will be of particular importance to ensure coordination among stakeholders. 109 /136

111 Human resources Although regular reporting of GHG inventories, BURs, and NCs are UNFCCC requirements, some countries may not have the human resources in government institutions to carry out the activities. Some even have less human resources and must rely on independent experts or consultants. patterns Human resources available ( 3~ people) Less than 3 people available Key points It is essential for the team to document all procedural arrangements, particularly a manual or step by step guidelines so that anybody can update the information. For the GHG inventory preparation, the coordinator and the compiler are essential positions to fill to ensure that government institutions have oversight and supervise the preparation process. A single person can be in charge of multiple sectors, for example, energy, industrial processes and energy. Typically, a single person should be in charge of the LULUCF sector as it can be complicated and requires several datasets. For the GHG inventory preparation, the coordinator and the compiler are essential positions to fill to ensure that government institutions have oversight and supervise the preparation process. If the work is outsourced, the experts should be contracted to document all procedural arrangements, particularly a manual or step by step guidelines so that anybody can update the information. 110 /136

112 Data / information sharing In many countries, data sharing is a serious challenge due to data collectors protectiveness of information. patterns Data collection is a barrier Key points It may be necessary to establish legal arrangements to ensure the provision of data from government institutions. In this case, it is important to design the arrangement to be flexible in case of a revision of methodologies in the future. Institutional arrangements with the Statistics Agency should be in place to ensure the smooth transfer of data and improvement of the data collection system. Also, information between different working groups are also essential to resolve crosscutting issues. Data collection is not a barrier Even if data collection is not a barrier, institutional arrangements may need to be developed between the GHG inventory team or the national entity and the agencies to ensure that the agencies can collect new data according to the inventory needs. 111 /136

113 Continuous improvement It is important for the national entity and all stakeholders to understand that the GHG inventory is a continuous process, and that improvements will be made, requiring the team to recalculate past GHG emissions and also revise any mitigation targets accordingly. Key points Institutional Arrangement Methodologies Data Availability & Data Collection Systems Data Quality Capacities & Technical Skills Tools & Instruments Establish regular system of review and inventory improvement plan Set up networks to share lessons learned, disseminate good practices, and instigate peerto-peer exchange Use higher IPCC Tier as appropriate Review and improve data collection systems to improve completeness and engage all relevant data providers as part of this process Aim to improve completeness and accuracy of data. Improve capacity and technical skills as part of the development plan Make best use of efficient data collection and process system, ensure team members are trained to use them effectively, update all procedural arrangements 112 /136

114 Part II Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications 113 /136

115 Part II: Tools for preparing GHG inventories, Biennial Update Reports, National Communications Section 1 Technical tools for preparing GHG inventories 114 /136

116 GHG inventory products Need to define Chapter/sections to be included in BUR/NC: what elements will be included in the report? What structure will the chapter/sections follow? Inventory report: how detailed? What language? What information to include? Spreadsheet tables How detailed will the spreadsheets be organized? Will the team use the inventory software or an original software/spreadsheet system? How will the team organize the data? 115 /136

117 UNFCCC requirements IPCC Guidelines are used to estimate emissions/removals for ALL national GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC. Requirements for Annex I and non Annex I Parties are different. According to the UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines Annex I Parties: shall use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories shall also use the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2000) and the Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (2003). shall use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines starting 2015 Non Annex I Parties: Should use the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Encouraged to apply the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2000) (note: Although not mentioned in the UNFCCC reporting guidelines, non Annex I Parties are not forbidden to use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines) 116 /136

118 List of available references and tools Management Reporting Technical Reporting Technical Reporting Source UNFCCC decisions Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Detail Various guidance and training documents available to help with compilation of an inventory. Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) has published several training documents on the UNFCCC website. An Excel-based software has been developed to support Parties in the compilation of their GHG inventory and national communication. In general, the Software uses Tier 1 methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and removals for all source categories described in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. Guidelines for national GHG inventories and good practice guidance. The IPCC also has developed a software for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Provides templates which can be worked through to help develop an inventory cycle (such as QA/QC, Key category analysis, documentation, archiving) Technical International Energy Agency (IEA) Various country specific data including fuel balances are available. Technical Technical Management Colorado State University - more information available here. Global Observation for Forest and Land Cover Dynamics National Communications Support Programme Agricultural and Land Use software, for estimating emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation Draft sourcebook to explain, clarify, and provide methodologies to support REDD actions and mechanisms, to build national REDD monitoring systems Managing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process 117 /136

119 Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories The Reporting Instructions (Volume 1) provides step-by-step directions for assembling, documenting and transmitting completed national inventory data consistently, regardless of the method used to produce the estimates. These instructions are intended for all users of the IPCC Guidelines and provide the primary means of ensuring that all reports are consistent and comparable. The Workbook (Volume 2) contains suggestions about planning and getting started on a national inventory for participants who do not have a national inventory available already and are not experienced in producing such inventories. It also contains step-by-step instructions for calculating emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ), as well as some other trace gases, from six major emission source categories. It is intended to help experts in as many countries as possible to start developing inventories. The Reference Manual (Volume 3) provides a compendium of information on methods for estimation of emissions for a broader range of greenhouse gases and a complete list of source types for each. It summarizes a range of possible methods for many source types. It also provides summaries of the scientific basis for the inventory methods recommended and gives extensive references to the technical literature. < Note: All sector experts should read these technical guidelines. 118 /136

120 IPCC Good Practice Guidance for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories The IPCC Good Practice Guidance provides guidance on: Choice of methods, emission factors and activity data Reporting and documentation Identification of key source categories Uncertainty Assessment Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) etc. < > The GPG-LULUCF is consistent with the existing good practice guidance for the other sector and addresses: Choice of estimation method within the context of the IPCC Guidelines; Quality assurance and quality control procedures to provide cross-checks during the inventory compilation; Data and information to be documented, archived and reported to facilitate review and assessment of inventory estimates; Quantification of uncertainties at the source or sink category level and for the inventory as a whole, so that resources available can be directed toward reducing uncertainties over time, and the improvement can be tracked. < Note: All sector experts should read these technical guidelines 119 /136

121 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting: describes the basic steps in inventory development and offers the general guidance in greenhouse gas emissions and removals estimates. Volumes 2: Energy sector Volume 3: Industrial Processes and product use sector Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry, and land use sector Volume 5: Waste sector < Note: All sector experts should read these guidelines if preparing the GHG inventory based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. 120 /136

122 UNFCCC non-annex I Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, The software package consists of the following 8 files The individual sheets of the Excel workbooks are protected so that only relevant cells can be modified START.XLS :the start up sheet OVERVIEW.XLS :the overview table for national greenhouse gas inventories Key category analysis MODULE1.XLS :calculation sheet for Energy MODULE2.XLS :calculation sheet for industrial process MODULE4.XLS MODULE5.XLS :calculation sheet for Agriculture :calculation sheet for Land-Use Change and Forestry MODULE5B.XLS :calculation sheet for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry MODULE6.XLS :calculation sheet for Waste 121 /136 <

123 UNFCCC non-annex I Greenhouse Gas Inventory Software Supporting Materials for preparing GHG Inventories, Biennial Update Reports, <Calculating GHG emission for the national inventory> Example: CH 4 emission from Underground Mines (Post-mining Activities) Input figure E F A B Input figure C-D 122 /136 <

124 IPCC software The IPCC Inventory Software implements the simplest Tier 1 methods in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and as such is useful to users of all versions of the IPCC Guidelines. This software has a number of improvements over earlier software for the Revised 1996 Guidelines, including: Standalone software that does not require any additional software or internet access Covers all inventory categories but can also be used for management of specific sectors Allows different parts of the inventory to be developed simultaneously Data entry in worksheets following 2006 IPCC Guidelines for ease-of-use Provides default data from 2006 IPCC Guidelines but gives users the flexibility to use their own country-specific information Example of energy background table < 123 /136