Low Nickel austenite a cost efficient alternative to 304/4301. Gabriele Brückner Head of product development EMEA Outokumpu May 27, 2015

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2 Low Nickel austenite a cost efficient alternative to 304/4301 Gabriele Brückner Head of product development EMEA Outokumpu May 27, 2015

3 Content 1. Market situation 2. Development of cost-effective CrNi austenite 3. Material properties 4. Current status 17/06/15 3

4 Stainless Steel melt shop production 100% Others Production [%] 80% 60% 40% 20% CrNi CrMn Cr 0% Worldwide production [year] Source: ISSF, 2/6/2015 4

5 Stainless Steel melt shop production 100% Others Production [%] 80% 60% 40% 20% < < < CrNi CrMn Cr 0% Source: ISSF, 2/6/2015 5

6 Price development of Nickel Price [1.000 US-$/t] /06/15 6

7 Development of low Ni austenite in 2007 Relative material costs [%] Ni-price [1,000 US-$/t] 304/4301 EN 4640 Dishwasher bottom made of EN 4640 EN 4640 is not cost-effective until Ni price exceeds US-$/t 17/06/15 7

8 Price development of Nickel Price [1.000 US-$/t] /06/15 8

9 Market situation CrNi Austenites represent with approx. 70% the majority of the stainless steel production in Europe Austenites like 304/4301 have outstanding reputation and are seen as all-rounder Low Ni Austenites like EN 4640 are not profitable at moderate Ni prices 17/06/15 9

10 Content 1. Market situation 2. Development of cost-effective CrNi austenite 3. Material properties 4. Current status 17/06/15 10

11 Requirements for cost-effective CrNi austenite Ni reduction Properties like formability and corrosion resistance comparable to 304/4301 Production costs comparable to 304/4301 High capacity utilisation of coils Forming properties & Price Nickel content [%] adverse properties AUSTENITE all-round properties 304/ 4301 special properties FERRITE 0 Chromium content [%] Corrosion resistance /06/15 11

12 Development of cost-effective CrNi austenite 304/ / (new) C Cr Ni Mn Forming properties & Price Nickel content [%] adverse properties AUSTENITE all-round properties 304/ (new) special properties special properties FERRITE 0 Chromium content [%] Corrosion resistance /06/15 12

13 Visualisation of composition according to EN Carbon Chromium Nickel 304/ / /06/15 13

14 Development of cost-effective CrNi austenite 304/4301 X 5 CrNi EN 4640 X 5 CrNiCu /4310 X 10 CrNi (new) Nickel reduction Properties (Formability / Corrosion resistance) Production costs Capacity utilisation!!!!! 17/06/15 14

15 Content 1. Market situation 2. Development of cost-effective CrNi austenite 3. Material properties 4. Current status 17/06/15 15

16 Mechanical properties R p0,2 [MPa] R m [MPa] A 80 [%] 304/ (new) to rolling direction Enhanced 4310 (new) has slightly higher yield and tensile strength with by trend lower fracture elongation 17/06/15 16

17 Mechanical properties strain hardening Yield strength [MPa] Cold deformation [%] 80 Tensile strength [MPa] Cold deformation [%] 4310 (new) 304/ Strain hardening and therefore the required press force during forming is comparable 17/06/15 17

18 Formability Deep drawing r-value r 0 r 45 r 90 r m Δr β max LDR 304/ (new) /06/15 18

19 Formability Stretch drawing Thickness [mm] Dome [mm] Hole Expansion Test [%] 304/ (new) /06/15 19

20 Corrosion resistance of 4310 (new) Resistance against pitting corrosion comparable to 304/4301 Good corrosion resistance in crevices, like usual for austenitic stainless steels Welding characteristics in range of 304/4301 high Corrosion resistance 304/ / / 4310 Ferrite Ferrite Chromium Nickel Carbon /4509 Austenite / / / Formability Austenite 4310 (new) high 17/06/15 20

21 Comparison of properties Corrosion resistance Formability Strength 4310 (new) compared to 304/4301 Slightly inferior Slightly higher Elongation Surface Welding Food compatibility European Standard 4310 (new) compared to 304/ /06/15 21

22 Content 1. Market situation 2. Development of cost-effective CrNi austenite 3. Material properties 4. Current status 17/06/15 22

23 Current status Next steps First industrial melt successfully processed to cold strips Internal characterisation of material Positive feedback from first customer trials Customer trials Application related material characterisation Further optimisation of production process 17/06/15 23

24 Applications Pots Automotive parts Sinks White goods Kegs Tubes and Pipes 17/06/15 24

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