ASME BPVC VIII Example E E4.4.5 PTB

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1 Table of contents Comparison - Form for equations... 2 Example E Cyldrical Shell... 3 E Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition... 4 Example E Conical Shell... 5 E4.4.2 with B taken by ASME - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition... 6 E4.4.2 with B taken by LV - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition... 8 Example E Spherical Shell and Hemispherical Head E4.4.3 with B taken by LV - Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition E4.4.3 with B taken by ASME - Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition Example E Torispherical Head E4.4.4 with B taken by LV - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition Example E Elliptical Head E Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition Appendix: Material documentation Layout Input values: or Calculated values: or Critical values: or Estimated values: or Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

2 Comparison - Form for equations Equation form Comment Results for example E acc. ASME and Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH (LV) The LV-program uses formulas for thick cylders acc.asme VIII Div.1 UG28/33 and App.1. Equations Conversion factor mm2 = MPa2 = 'Results Ex. E4.4.1 LV and ASME Max.allowable Pressure P acc. LV P1 = MPa2*#21(1) Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc. ASME P1Asme = 39 Difference % Diff1 = (P1-P1Asme)/P1Asme*1 'Results Ex. E4.4.2 LV and ASME Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc. LV P2 = MPa2*#29(9) Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc. ASME P2Asme = Difference % Diff2 = (P2-P2Asme)/P2Asme*1 'Results Ex. E4.4.3 LV and ASME with B taken by LV Max.allowable Pressure P acc. LV P3a = MPa2*#36(2)/1 Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc. ASME P3aAsme = Difference % Diff3 = (P3a-P3aAsme)/P3aAsme*1 'Results Ex. E4.4.3 LV and ASME with B =157 (taken by ASME) Max.allowable Pressure P acc. LV P3b = MPa2*#36(3)/1 Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc. ASME P3bAsme = Difference % Diff4 = (P3b-P3bAsme)/P3bAsme*1 'Results Ex. E4.4.4 LV and ASME with B taken by LV Max.allowable Pressure P acc. LV P4 = MPa2*#29(5) Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc.asme P4Asme = 55.8 Difference % Diff5 = (P4-P4Asme)/P4Asme*1 'Results Ex. E4.4.5 LV and ASME Max.allowable Pressure P acc. LV P5 = MPa2*#116(4)/1 Max.allowable Pressure Pa acc.asme P5Asme = Difference % Diff6 = (P5-P5Asme)/P5Asme*1 'Maximum difference between LV and ASME Dmax = Max( Diff1 ; Diff2 ; Diff3 ; Diff4 ; Diff5 ; Diff6 ) Value Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

3 Example E Cyldrical Shell Determe the maximum allowable external pressure (MAEP) for a cyldrical shell considerg the followg design conditions. Vessel Data: Material = SA-516, Grade 7, Norm. Design Temperature = 3 F Inside Diameter = 9. Thickness = Corrosion Allowance =.125 Unsupported Length = 636. Modulus of Elasticity at Design Temperature = 28.3E +6 Yield Strength = 336 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

4 E Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition Cyldrical shells under external pressure External design pressure Hydrostatic head External calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Outside diameter Design wall thickness Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) Bucklg length D t e c 1 c 2 L Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

5 Material K27-SA Class:-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart Modulus of elasticity S y S Fig E CS e+7 Results Effective thickness Ratio Ratio t L/D D /t Factor accordg to ASME-IID\Table G Factor (see material chart) Factor 2*M(S;.9*B) Required thickness Required thickness cl. allowances Allowable excess pressure Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Remark Equations A B S t t+c 1 +c 2 P MAWP 1.884e UG-28 c) (1) Step 6 Step 7 UG-28 c) (2) Step 2 Step 3 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

6 Example E Conical Shell Determe the maximum allowable external pressure (MAEP) for a conical shell considerg the followg design conditions. Vessel Data: Material = SA -516, Grade 7, Norm Design Temperature = 3 F Inside Diameter (Large End) = 15. Thickness (Large End) = Inside Diameter (Small End) = 9. Thickness (Small End) = Thickness (Conical Section) = Axial Cone Length = 78. One-Half Apex Angle = deg Corrosion Allowance =.125 Modulus of Elasticity at Design Temperature = 28.3E +6 Yield Strength = 336 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

7 E4.4.2 with B taken by ASME - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition Conical shells under external pressure acc. UG-33(f) External design pressure Hydrostatic head Calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Material K27-SA Class:-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart E-Modulus S y S Fig E CS-2 2.9e+7 Cone wall thickness with allowances Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) Cone wall thickness without allowances t c 1 c 2 t Is a cylder connected, which does not act as le of support? N (Y/N) Outside diameter Knuckle radius Outside diameter Knuckle radius ( wide end ) ( wide end ) ( small end ) ( small end ) D Ls r 1 D Ss r Half apex angle ( 6 ) α 21.4 Proof for cross-section area accordg to App. 1-8 required for cone-connection without knuckle Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

8 Results Effective thickness Axial length of the cone Design length Ratio Ratio t e = t cos(α) t e L L e L e /D L D L /t e Factor accordg to fig. 5-UGO-28. Factor (see material chart) Factor 2 M(S ;.9 B) A B S Allowable external pressure ( for t ) Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Required thickness ( for P ) Required thickness cl. allowances P MEP t t+c 1 +c Remark Thickness not sufficient Equations 1) for D L /t 1 UG-33 f-a) Step 6 UG-33 f-a) Step 7 2) for D L /t < 1 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

9 UG-33 f-b) Step 2 UG-33 f-b) Step 3 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

10 E4.4.2 with B taken by LV - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition Conical shells under external pressure acc. UG-33(f) External design pressure Hydrostatic head Calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Material K27-SA Class:-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart E-Modulus S y S Fig E CS-2 2.9e+7 Cone wall thickness with allowances Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) Cone wall thickness without allowances t c 1 c 2 t Is a cylder connected, which does not act as le of support? N (Y/N) Outside diameter Knuckle radius Outside diameter Knuckle radius ( wide end ) ( wide end ) ( small end ) ( small end ) D Ls r 1 D Ss r Half apex angle ( 6 ) α 21.4 Proof for cross-section area accordg to App. 1-8 required for cone-connection without knuckle Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

11 Results Effective thickness Axial length of the cone Design length Ratio Ratio t e = t cos(α) t e L L e L e /D L D L /t e Factor accordg to fig. 5-UGO-28. Factor (see material chart) Factor 2 M(S ;.9 B) A B S Allowable external pressure ( for t ) Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Required thickness ( for P ) Required thickness cl. allowances P MEP t t+c 1 +c Remark Pressure not allowable Equations 1) for D L /t 1 UG-33 f-a) Step 6 UG-33 f-a) Step 7 2) for D L /t < 1 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

12 UG-33 f-b) Step 2 UG-33 f-b) Step 3 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

13 Example E Spherical Shell and Hemispherical Head Determe the maximum allowable external pressure (MAEP) for a hemispherical head considerg the followg design conditions. Vessel Data: Material = SA-542, Type D, Class 4a Design Temperature = 35 F Inside Diameter = 149. Thickness = Corrosion Allowance =. Modulus of Elasticity at Design Temperature = 29.1E +6 Yield Strength = 58 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

14 E4.4.3 with B taken by LV - Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition Spherical shells under external pressure External design pressure Hydrostatic head External calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Outside diameter Design wall thickness Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) D t e c 1 c Material K31835-SA-542-D-Class:4a-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart Modulus of elasticity Results Effective thickness Tip radius Ratio S y S Fig E t R R /t CS e Factor.125/(R /t ) Factor (see material chart) A B Required thickness Required thickness cl. allowances Allowable excess pressure Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Remark t t+c 1 +c 2 P MAWP Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

15 Equations UG-28 d) Step 4 UG-28 d) Step 5 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

E4.4.3 with B taken by ASME - Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition Spherical shells under external pressure External design pressure

1 35 F Outside diameter Design wall thickness Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) D t e c 1 c 2 154.6 2.813 Ma

16 E4.4.3 with B taken by ASME - Thickness of shells and tubes under external pressure ASME BPVC VIII UG-28 and Appendix I, 217 Edition Spherical shells under external pressure External design pressure Hydrostatic head External calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Outside diameter Design wall thickness Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) D t e c 1 c Material K31835-SA-542-D-Class:4a-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart Modulus of elasticity Results Effective thickness Tip radius Ratio S y S Fig E t R R /t CS e Factor.125/(R /t ) Factor (see material chart) A B Required thickness Required thickness cl. allowances Allowable excess pressure Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Remark t t+c 1 +c 2 P MAWP Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

17 Equations UG-28 d) Step 4 UG-28 d) Step 5 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

18 Example E Torispherical Head Determe the maximum allowable external pressure (MAEP) for a torispherical head considerg the followg design conditions. Vessel Data: Material = SA-387, Grade 11, Class 1 Design Temperature = 65 F Inside Diameter = 72. Crown Radius = 72. Knuckle Radius = Thickness =.625 Corrosion Allowance =.125 Modulus of Elasticity at Design Temperature = 26.55E +6 Yield Strength at Design Temperature = 269 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

19 E4.4.4 with B taken by LV - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition Torispherical heads External design pressure Hydrostatic head Calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Design wall thickness Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) Effective thickness t e c 1 c 2 t Outside diameter of the head skirt Type of head (1=Kloepperboden-type, 2=Korbbogen 3=torispherical, 4=hemispherical ) Torispherical head Outside calotte radius Knuckle radius D R r Material K11789-SA Class:1-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart Modulus of elasticity Results Ratio S y S Fig E R /t CS e Factor (see material chart) B 893 Allowable external pressure Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Required thickness Required thickness cl. allowances Remark P MEP t t+c 1 +c Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

20 Equations UG-28 d) Step 4 UG-28 d) Step 5 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

21 Example E Elliptical Head Determe the maximum allowable external pressure (MAEP) for a 2:1 elliptical head considerg the followg design conditions. Vessel Data: Material = SA-516, Grade 7, Norm. Design Temperature = 3 F Inside Diameter = 9. Thickness = Corrosion Allowance =.125 Modulus of Elasticity at Design Temperature = 28.3E+6 Yield Strength = 336 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

E4.4.5 - Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP.

22 E Formed heads pressure on convex side ASME BPVC VIII UG-33 and APP. 1, 217 Edition Ellipsoidal heads under external pressure External design pressure Hydrostatic head Calculation pressure Calculation temperature p D D p p T F Fal wall thickness Wall thickness allowance Allowance (corrosion) Effective thickness t e c 1 c 2 t Outside diameter of the head skirt Outer height of crown (short semiaxis) D h Material K27-SA Class:-Size: Spec. M. Yield Allowable stress Applicable material chart E-Modulus S y S Fig E CS-2 2.9e+7 Results Ratio Factor (accordg to chart UG-33.1) Design radius of crown Ratio (= K D ) D /2h K R R /t Factor Factor (see material chart).125/(r /t ) A B Allowable external pressure Allowable pressure without hydrostatic head Required thickness without allowance Required thickness cl. allowances Remark P MEP t t+c 1 +c Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

23 Equations UG-28 d) Step 4 UG-28 d) Step 5 Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

24 Appendix: Material documentation Section 2: Schale/UG28 Section 3: Boden/UG33 Section 4: Boden/UG33 Material specification: Regulation: ASMET1A:215Spec. No.: SA-516 Product: Plate Material code: K27-SA Class:-Size: Short name: Carbon steel Design conditions and dimensions: Temperature [ C]: 148,8889 Pressure [bar]: 1 Thickness [mm]: 28,575 Outside diameter [mm]: 2343,15 Material values for test and design conditions: Test condition Operatg condition Nomal design strength [N/mm²]: 138, 138, Safety factor: 1, 1, Allowable stress [N/mm²]: 138, 138, Modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²]: ,667 Notes: G1 General Requirements Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425 C, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A 21 and A 22. S1 Size Requirements For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 45 C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed with the boiler settg, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice. T2 Time-Dependent Properties Allowable stresses for temperatures of 4 C and above are values obtaed from time dependent properties. -- Creep rupture strength for 1 h [MPa]: Tensile strength and yield stress at ambient temperature: Diam./ Tensile str. ReH Rupture Rupture Thick. Rm m Rm max elong. elong <= mm MPa MPa MPa längs % quer % K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C 35 C 4 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 45 C 5 C 55 C 6 C 65 C 7 C 8 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

25 Modulus of elasticity dependence of the temperature: Static modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²] at the temperature of Coefficient of lear expansion: Thermal coefficient of expansion between 2 C and Density 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C Heat Heat (2 C) cond. capac. kg/dm³ 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K W/Km J/kgK ,85 12,1 12,7 13,3 13,8 14, Section 5: Schale/UG28 Material specification: Regulation: ASMET1A:215Spec. No.: SA-542 Product: Plate Material code: K31835-SA-542-D-Class:4a-Size: Short name: 2.25Cr-1Mo-V Design conditions and dimensions: Temperature [ C]: 176,67 Pressure [bar]: 39,44 Thickness [mm]: 71,44 Outside diameter [mm]: 3926,84 Material values for test and design conditions: Test condition Operatg condition Nomal design strength [N/mm²]: 168, 168, Safety factor: 1, 1, Allowable stress [N/mm²]: 168, 168, Modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²]: 2 196,656 Notes: -- Creep rupture strength for 1 h [MPa]: Tensile strength and yield stress at ambient temperature: Diam./ Tensile str. ReH Rupture Rupture Thick. Rm m Rm max elong. elong <= mm MPa MPa MPa längs % quer % K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C 35 C 4 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 45 C 5 C 55 C 6 C 65 C 7 C 8 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

26 Modulus of elasticity dependence of the temperature: Static modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²] at the temperature of Coefficient of lear expansion: Thermal coefficient of expansion between 2 C and Density 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C Heat Heat (2 C) cond. capac. kg/dm³ 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K W/Km J/kgK ,1 12,7 13,3 13,8 14, Section 6: Schale/UG28 Material specification: Regulation: ASMET1A:215Spec. No.: SA-542 Product: Plate Material code: K31835-SA-542-D-Class:4a-Size: Short name: 2.25Cr-1Mo-V Design conditions and dimensions: Temperature [ C]: 176,6667 Pressure [bar]: 39,38 Thickness [mm]: 71,4375 Outside diameter [mm]: 3926,84 Material values for test and design conditions: Test condition Operatg condition Nomal design strength [N/mm²]: 168, 168, Safety factor: 1, 1, Allowable stress [N/mm²]: 168, 168, Modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²]: 2 196,66 Notes: -- Creep rupture strength for 1 h [MPa]: Tensile strength and yield stress at ambient temperature: Diam./ Tensile str. ReH Rupture Rupture Thick. Rm m Rm max elong. elong <= mm MPa MPa MPa längs % quer % K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C 35 C 4 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 45 C 5 C 55 C 6 C 65 C 7 C 8 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

27 Modulus of elasticity dependence of the temperature: Static modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²] at the temperature of Coefficient of lear expansion: Thermal coefficient of expansion between 2 C and Density 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C Heat Heat (2 C) cond. capac. kg/dm³ 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K W/Km J/kgK ,1 12,7 13,3 13,8 14, Section 7: Boden/UG33 Material specification: Regulation: ASMET1A:215Spec. No.: SA-387 Product: Plate Material code: K11789-SA Class:1-Size: Short name: 1.25Cr-.5Mo-Si Design conditions and dimensions: Temperature [ C]: 343,33 Pressure [bar]: 3,83 Thickness [mm]: 15,88 Outside diameter [mm]: 369,62 Material values for test and design conditions: Test condition Operatg condition Nomal design strength [N/mm²]: 118, 118, Safety factor: 1, 1, Allowable stress [N/mm²]: 118, 118, Modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²]: ,42 Notes: S4 Size Requirements For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 625 C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed with the boiler settg, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice. T4 Time-Dependent Properties Allowable stresses for temperatures of 48 C and above are values obtaed from time dependent properties. -- Creep rupture strength for 1 h [MPa]: Tensile strength and yield stress at ambient temperature: Diam./ Tensile str. ReH Rupture Rupture Thick. Rm m Rm max elong. elong <= mm MPa MPa MPa längs % quer % K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C 35 C 4 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

28 K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 45 C 5 C 55 C 6 C 65 C 7 C 8 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa Modulus of elasticity dependence of the temperature: Static modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²] at the temperature of Static modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²] at the temperature of Coefficient of lear expansion: Thermal coefficient of expansion between 2 C and Density 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C Heat Heat (2 C) cond. capac. kg/dm³ 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K W/Km J/kgK ,85 12,1 12,7 13,3 13,8 14, Section 8: Boden/UG33 Material specification: Regulation: ASMET1A:215Spec. No.: SA-516 Product: Plate Material code: K27-SA Class:-Size: Short name: Carbon steel Design conditions and dimensions: Temperature [ C]: 148,89 Pressure [bar]: 11,45 Thickness [mm]: 28,58 Outside diameter [mm]: 2343,15 Material values for test and design conditions: Test condition Operatg condition Nomal design strength [N/mm²]: 138, 138, Safety factor: 1, 1, Allowable stress [N/mm²]: 138, 138, Modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²]: ,666 Notes: G1 General Requirements Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425 C, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A 21 and A 22. S1 Size Requirements For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 45 C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed with the boiler settg, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice. T2 Time-Dependent Properties Allowable stresses for temperatures of 4 C and above are values obtaed from time dependent properties. Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

29 -- Creep rupture strength for 1 h [MPa]: Tensile strength and yield stress at ambient temperature: Diam./ Tensile str. ReH Rupture Rupture Thick. Rm m Rm max elong. elong <= mm MPa MPa MPa längs % quer % K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C 35 C 4 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa K-values as function of the temperature Diam./ Thickn. 45 C 5 C 55 C 6 C 65 C 7 C 8 C <= mm MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa Modulus of elasticity dependence of the temperature: Static modulus of elasticity [kn/mm²] at the temperature of Coefficient of lear expansion: Thermal coefficient of expansion between 2 C and Density 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C Heat Heat (2 C) cond. capac. kg/dm³ 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K 1E-6/K W/Km J/kgK ,85 12,1 12,7 13,3 13,8 14, Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik GmbH

ASME BPVC VIII Example E E4.3.5 PTB

ASME BPVC VIII Example E E4.3.5 PTB ASME BPVC VIII-1 215 Table of contents Table of contents... 1 Comparison Form for equations... 2 Example E4.3.1 - Cylindrical Shell... 3 E4.3.1 Thickness of shells under internal pressure ASME BPVC VIII