Solid Rocket Motor Insulation Testing

Transcription

1 Solid ocket Motor Insulation Testing Dr. usty Blanski AFL/PSM Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited

2 eport Documentation Page Form Approved MB No Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information perations and eports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA espondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid MB control number. 1. EPT DATE 13 JUL TITLE AND SUBTITLE Solid ocket Motor Insulation Testing 6. AUTH(S) usty Blanski 2. EPT TYPE 3. DATES CVEED - 5a. CNTACT NUMBE 5b. GANT NUMBE 5c. PGAM ELEMENT NUMBE 5d. PJECT NUMBE e. TASK NUMBE f. WK UNIT NUMBE 7. PEFMING GANIZATIN NAME(S) AND ADDESS(ES) Air Force esearch Laboratory (AFMC),AFL/PSM,10 E. Saturn Blvd.,Edwards AFB,CA, PEFMING GANIZATIN EPT NUMBE 9. SPNSING/MNITING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDESS(ES) 10. SPNS/MNIT S ACNYM(S) 12. DISTIBUTIN/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTAY NTES 14. ABSTACT N/A 15. SUBJECT TEMS 11. SPNS/MNIT S EPT NUMBE(S) 16. SECUITY CLASSIFICATIN F: 17. LIMITATIN F ABSTACT a. EPT unclassified b. ABSTACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified 18. NUMBE F PAGES 15 19a. NAME F ESPNSIBLE PESN Standard Form 298 (ev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

3 Nanomaterials for Insulation PSS Carbon Nanofibers Clays Zr/Hf nanoclusters Goal: 50% Lower Erosion of Insulation (44% weight reduction, 7.4% booster payload increase) Phase III IHPPT (Phase II, 25%) bjective: Development of Ceramic Forming Polymer and/or Structurally einforced Char Layer Case Insulation Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 2

4 Solid Propellant Insulation Program In-House Low Cost Screening of New Materials Present Capabilities: Test facilities developed at AFL- Edwards (4 Pi-K motor) with various propellants (Shuttle, Titan IV, dewinder) Test Insulation Nozzle Backing nly 100 g of material needed Cost (synthesis, part fabrication, ablation test, analysis): $2K apid testing of 5-6 samples per day (or more) Nozzle materials can also be tested Propellant Igniter Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution Unlimited 3

5 Nanofilled EPDM as Improved Ablative Potential Pathway to Increase Performance Microfibers STA EPDM ubber burn NAN EPDM ubber burn carbon char protective ceramic layer STA EPDM ubber Public elease. Distribution Unlimited Pi-K Motor Firing Nanofibers burn NAN EPDM ubber burn carbon char protective ceramic layer Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 4

6 Anatomy of a Polyhedral ligomeric lsesquioxane (PSS) Molecule Nonreactive organic () groups for solubilization and compatibilization. X May possess one or more functional groups suitable for polymerization or grafting. Nanoscopic in size with an - distance of 0.5 nm and a - distance of 1.5 nm. Thermally and chemically robust hybrid (organic-inorganic) framework. Precise three-dimensional structure for molecular level reinforcement of polymer segments and coils. The maximization of property enhancements in polymers results from interaction at the nano-level (Edwards AFL/PSM ---> PSS monomers) Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 5

7 PSS Diversity: An Incredible Assortment of Cage zes and groups H H H H H = Methyl Isobutyl Cyclopentyl Cyclohexyl Phenyl Phenethyl ctadecyl Vinyl = Phenyl Trifluoromethylpropyl Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited = Isobutyl Cyclopentyl Cyclohexyl Isooctyl Ethyl Phenyl Cage Mixtures (T 8, T 10, T 12 ) = Vinyl Phenethyl Isooctyl = Isobutyl Cyclopentyl Cyclohexyl Isooctyl 4 N N N N N 4 = Methyl - + N N N 4 6

8 Synthesis of Zirconium Nanoclusters Prof Ulrich Schubert TU Wien - WS In-situ Method 4 Zr() CH Zr 4 2 (C ) C() + 14 H 200 grams of Zr nanocluster Delivered to AFL/PSM 50 grams of Hf nanocluster also delivered Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 7

9 Wide Variety of Metal Nanoclusters Prof Ulrich Schubert TU Wien - WS Ti Zr or Hf Mixed Ti / Zr(Hf) Nb or Ta Zr 2 Ti 4 4 (Bu) 6 (Mc) 10 Ti 4 2 (Pr i ) 6 (Mc) 6 Zr 6 4 (Bu) 10 (Mc) 1 0 M 4 4 (Et) 8 (Mc) 4 * Zr 4 Ti 2 4 (Bu) 2 (Mc) 1 4 Ti 6 4 (Et) 8 (Mc) 8 M 6 (H) 4 4 (Mc) 12 Zr 4 Ti 4 6 (Bu) 4 (Mc) 16 Ta 8 12 (Et) 8 (Acr) 8 Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited M 4 2 (Mc) 12 Zr 6 Ti 2 6 (Mc) * M= Nb: L.Hubert-Pfalzgraf et al.

10 ther Fibers Asbestos the first and the best ASBESTS FIBES (SCANNING EM) - Amphibole fibers (crocidolite, amosite and anthrophyllite) are rectilinear while the serpentine (chrysotile) fibers are curved, twisted and of different diameters. The serpentine group is more prevalently used in industry however the amphiboles are more pathogenic in regards to induction of malignant mesotheliomas. Source: Tulane The most commonly used fiber is the Chrysotile fiber (pliable and nonfriable) Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 9

11 ther Fibers Kevlar Fibers 3μ Kevlar Pulp Bulk Phase, 1/4 long Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited Kevlar Fibers SEM 3μ 10

12 Carbon Nanofibers Many Types ngle Wall Nanotubes nm diameter 2-5 μ long $370K/Kg as grown $950K/Kg purified Multiwall Nanotubes 2-20 nm diameter 100 nm to ~ 5 μ long 5-20 graphitic layers $110K/Kg as grown $170K/Kg purified SWNT SEM from SES esearch Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited MWNT by STM 11

13 Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber ASI Price: < $90/pound Thermally Stable Small size lends well for intimate mixing Shear considerations Grades Available: P-19, P-24 etc. Many surface treatments available P-1 P-11 P-19 P-24 Production Lab scale Bench scale Full scale Full scale Diameter, nanometers 100 to to to to 150 Length, nanometers 30,000 to 100,000 30,000 to 100,000 30,000 to 100,000 30,000 to 100,000 Carbon Nanofibers Source: ASI Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited Comments As grown material contains CVD carbon As grown material contains CVD carbon As grown material contains CVD carbon As grown material essentially free of CVD carbon AG, as grown fiber. PS, cleaned fiber. LHT, graphitized fiber. HHT, iron free graphitized fiber. 12

14 Modified Clays rganically Modified (generally with quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts) to increase dispersion Previous results show promise for SM insulation (Vaia, Lichtenhan 1997) Montmorillonite nanoclay Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 13

15 Potential Transition pportunities Less Insulation Means More Propellant Source: Aerojet Atlas V test firing at Edwards (AFL) AFB May 2005 Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 14

16 In-House SM Insulation Testing Acknowledgements Mr. Hieu Nguyen (Firing Engineer; Sample Analysis) Dr. Tom Hawkins and Del Jung (Motor Firings) Mr. Phil Counts (PSM Master Machinist) Mr. Pat uth (Sample Preparation, measurement) Prof Joe Koo Prof Ulrich Schubert AFL/PS and AFS ($$$) Distribution A: Public elease. Distribution unlimited 15