Recommended Practices for Friction Welding

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Malcolm Watts
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1 This is a preview of "ANSI/AWS C (R2...". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store. ANSI/AWS C (R2009) An American National Standard Recommended Practices for Friction Welding

Key Words Friction welding, direct drive friction welding, flywheel friction welding, friction forging, inertia friction welding, solid state bonding, spin welding ANSI/AWS C6.

2 Key Words Friction welding, direct drive friction welding, flywheel friction welding, friction forging, inertia friction welding, solid state bonding, spin welding ANSI/AWS C (R2009) An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute March 17, 1989 Recommended Practices for Friction Welding 1st Edition Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) C6 Committee on Friction Welding Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWS Board of Directors Abstract This recommended practice describes friction welding fundamentals and basic equipment requirements. Suggested procedure qualification, inspection methods, and joint designs are detailed. Typical mechanical property data are referenced. 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

3 Foreword This foreword is not part of ANSI/AWS C (R2009), Recommended Practices for Friction Welding, but is included for informational purposes only. The Committee on Friction Welding was formed in 1977 with representatives from governmental agencies, industry, and research organizations. The initial objective of the committee was the exchange of friction welding technical information. As the process gained wider acceptance, it became increasingly apparent that there was a growing need for a set of guidelines to the variations and application of the process. This recommended practice represents the culmination of committee activity to assemble a summary of friction welding technology into a single source. This document is intended to serve as a guide for use of the process. Specific applications may require the consideration of other factors outside the scope of this document. This document has been reaffirmed in 2009 and includes errata. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revision from the 1989 edition. Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, Committee on Friction Welding, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL Erratum The following Erratum has been identified and incorporated into the current reprint of this document. Page 14, equation in 6.2 was changed from π ( WOD) 2 ( WID) 2 π ( WOD 2 WID 2 ) Weld Area = to Weld Area = xi

4 Table of Contents Dedication...v Personnel (Reaffirmation)...vii Personnel (Original)...ix Foreword...xi List of Tables...xv List of Figures...xv 1. Scope Definitions Measurement Process Fundamentals Process Description Process Variations History Process Advantages Process Limitations Equipment General Machine Characteristics Direct Drive Friction Welding Machines Inertia Friction Welding Machines Workpiece Restraint Parameter Input Methods Weld Parameter Monitoring Flash Removal Automated Material Handling Angular Orientation Joint Design Joint Types Geometry Considerations Other Joint Configurations Materials Material Compatibilities Welding Parameters Material Quality Requirements Thermal Treatment of Friction Weldments Process Requirements and Applications General Requirements Direct Drive Friction Welding Machines Inertia Friction Welding Machines Applications Process Qualification Welding Procedure Qualification...19 xiii

5 9.2 Welding Machine Qualification Operator of Automatic Welding Equipment Qualification Inspection of Test Methods General Nondestructive Tests Destructive Tests Safe Practices General Noise and Hearing Protection Smoke Sparks and Loose Particles Mechanical Mechanical Properties of Friction Weldments...22 Annex A (Informative) Nomenclature and Metric Conversion...23 Annex B (Informative) References...25 Annex C (Informative) DVS Part 4, Friction Welding Defects...27 xiv

6 List of Tables Table 1 Nondestructive Examination Techniques and Defect Applicability Destructive Examination Techniques and Defect Applicability...20 Figure List of Figures 1 Basic Steps in Friction Welding Direct Drive Friction Welding Parameter Characteristics Inertia Friction Welding Parameter Characteristics Modifications of Friction Welding Friction Surfacing Friction Welding Machine Construction Basic Joint Types for Friction Welding Friction Weldment Geometry Considerations Material Combinations Weldable by Friction Welding...15 xv

7 Recommended Practices for Friction Welding 1. AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL

AWS B4.0:2007 An American National Standard. Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds

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