The Rheological Characterization of Materials for Biomedical Applications
|
|
- Eleanore Henry
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Rheological Characterization of Materials for Biomedical Applications Stephen H. Spiegelberg Presented at the TA Instruments User Meeting Newport, RI 2006 Cambridge Polymer Group, Inc. Testing, Consultation, and Instrumentation for Polymeric Materials
2 History of Total Hip Replacement Charnley (1962) 258,000 THR in US (1994) Average cost: $51,000 Total: $13 billion in US alone 6 Major Orthopedic Manufacturers, hundreds of minor players
3 Structure of Total Hip Replacement
4 Cemented vs. Cementless Implants >50% of THR use cemented stems Used primarily in older patients
5 Composition of Bone Cement 97% MMA 2.6% NN-dimethyl-p-toluidine 75 ppm hydroquinone 89% PMMA/ co-ps 10% Barium sulphate 1% Benzoyl peroxide
6 Kinetics of Reaction Free radical polymerization disassociation initiation propagation termination k d I 2R R + M RM k RM + M RM n i RM + RM RM k p n+ 1 n m m+ n k t
7 Bone Cement Barium sulfate Pre-polymerized PMMA bead
8 Cement injection
9 Porosity in Cement Pores are introduced during mixing mm diameter Fatigue and compressive strength decreases with increased pore density 1, 2 Cracks initiate from pores James et al, J. Biomedical Mater. Res., 26, (1992) 1. Smeds et al, CORR, 334, (1997) 2. Lewis, J. Biomedical Mater Res, 48, (1999)
10 Porosity Reduction Vacuum mixing 1 Centrifugation mixing hand-mixed vacuum-mixed log (fatigue cycles to failure) Stress amplitude [MPa] 1. Lewis, J. Biomedical Mater Res., 53, (2000); 2: Jasty et al, CORR, 259, (1990)
11 Interfacial Porosity Asceptic loosening necessitates revision surgery in 1-12% of THR Retrieved components indicated that debonding at the cement-stem interface initiates failure of fixation 1 No dependence on surface finish, centrifugation, or alloy 2 1. Jasty et al, Br. J. Bone Joint Surg, 73-B, 551 (1991); 2. James et al, J. Biomedical Mater Res., 27, (1993)
12 Theory of Interfacial Porosity: #1 Volumetric shrinkage of bone cement during polymerization causes pore formation at cementstem interface1 Heating stem during insertion reduces interfacial porosity2 Stem heated to 23C prior to insertion Stem heated to 44C prior to insertion 1. Gilbert et al, J. Biomedical Mater Res., 52, (2000); 2. Bishop et al, JBJS, 78B, (1996).
13 Theory of Interfacial Porosity: #2 In-situ monitoring studies showed formation of pores during insertion of stem 1 Related to the rheological (flow) properties of the bone cement Relationship between the response time of the cement and the insertion rate of the femoral stem 1. James et al, J. Biomedical Mater Res., 27, (1993)
14 Hypothesis for Porosity Formation stem Vv interfacial pores cement Cement spreads on surface : relaxation time λ If stem insertion time scale f(v) << λ greater pore formation at interface
15 Experimental Program Two step program Characterize the rheological properties of the bone cement Perform stem insertion studies at different times during cure and insertion rates Quantify conditions that lead to extensive interfacial porosity
16 Experimental Program 1. Shear Rheometry Howmedica Simplex P TM Viscosity % shrinkage relaxation time, λ 2. Stem Insertion Mixing at 4 C for 1 minute, 23 C for 1 minute. Tests begin 4 minutes into cure. Interfacial porosity vs. cure time and insertion speed
17 Rheological Characterization Parallel plate controlled stress rheometer measure torque as a function of displacement Performed small amplitude oscillatory test as a function of time Measure complex viscosity, volumetric shrinkage, temperature rise oscillating plate Cement (1 mm gap) fixed plate
18 Cure Time G tanδ = G = loss modulus elastic modulus viscous liquid liquid tan δ tan (δ) 1 solid tan δ elastic solid Cure time: 264 seconds* *following 4 minutes of mixing/transfer time [s]
19 Transient Viscosity Dynamic Viscosity [Pa.s] ω=1 rad/sec Cement cured time [s] 1% strain, no temperature control
20 Volumetric Shrinkage cement 1 volume change, V/V [%] cement cured force transducer Haas (1975): 5% Gilbert (2000): 5.1% time [s]
21 Temperature Rise 38 Cure Temperature [ C] cement cured T(t) time [s]
22 Relaxation Time Characterizes response time of cement 1 λ = ω tan δ ( ω ) λ for water: sec λ for polymer: 1 sec λ for solid: sec relaxation time, λ [s] time [s]
23 Stem Insertion Studies 2 cm stem gap V Stem: PMMA Stem insertion, V: 1-5 cm/s Insertion time: seconds* Gap: 2.5 mm * following 4 min. of mixing and loading
24 Stem Insertion Studies Section and polish Light source Analyze pore distribution with NIH Image 1.57 CCD camera
25 Stem Insertion Studies Insertion Velocity: 5 cm/sec Time into cure: 24 sec* Time into cure: 204 sec* *Following 4 minutes of mixing and sample loading
26 Stem Insertion Studies Time into cure: 204 sec* Insertion rate: 1 cm/sec Insertion rate: 5 cm/sec *Following 4 minutes of mixing and sample loading
27 Cement-Stem Interfacial Porosity Pore diameter µm 60 porosity (#/mm 2 ] fast insertion rate time during cure [s] Start mixing cement slow insertion rate
28 Cement-Stem Interfacial Porosity 60 porosity (#/mm 2 ] late in cure early in cure insertion velocity [cm/s]
29 Cement-Stem Interfacial Porosity Combine 2 parameters into one universal parameter time during cure stem insertion velocity Deborah number, De response time of cement De = characteristic time of experiment λ = = λγ 1.. γ ( ) λ = relaxation time of cement (rheometry) = f(time during cure). γ = shear rate in gap between stem and bone = f(stem insertion rate)
30 Cement Stem Interfacial Porosity 6 stem insertion rate [cm/s] De: 13 De: 44 De: 59 De: 8 De: 21 De: 26 De: 3 De: 9 De: time during cure [s] cure time
31 Cement-Stem Interfacial Porosity r 2 = porosity [#/mm 2 ] slow speed/ short cure high speed/ long cure Deborah number, De = λγ.
32 How to use this information? Tell surgeons to slow down stem insertion rate, or to insert stems earlier See if there is anymore information that the rheological characterization can tell us
33 Frequency Dependence of Bone Cement howmedica simplex P T=23 C complex viscosity [Pa.s] w=1 rad/s w=3 rad/sec w=10 rad/sec time [sec]
34 Application of Rheology Oscillate the stem during cement insertion locally reduce the viscosity of the cement at stem interface Push into a lower De regime improved wetting of cement on stem fewer interfacial pores
35 Proof-of-Concept tests Stems inserted at same linear rate into cement filled cavity Left stem includes linear oscillation Cam joint
36 Does it work? Insertion rate: 1 cm/sec Same batch of cement 0.5 mm No oscillation Oscillating stem (100 rad/sec)
37 Prototype design US Patent 6,884,264 (2005)
38 Conclusions Shear rheometry a good technique to characterize the cure behavior of acrylic bone cement viscosity temperature rise cure time volumetric shrinkage relaxation time (response time of material) To be included in ASTM F451
39 Conclusions Interfacial porosity increases both with stem insertion speed and with time during cure Porosity scales well with Deborah number (relative rate of insertion vs. response time of cement). Results serve as an operating window for minimizing interfacial porosity Cambridge Polymer Group, Inc. Testing, Consultation, and Instrumentation for Polymeric Materials 52-R Roland St. Boston, MA
40 Acknowledgements G. Braithwaite G. McKinley
Dynamic Shear Rheometer: DSR
1 Dynamic Shear Rheometer: DSR Load Dynamic loading vs. static loading. Load Load Time Time Time Static Loading Dynamic Loading Types of loading. Compression, area is normal to load direction Tension,
More informationRHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED POLYCARBONATE AND ABS MELTS
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED POLYCARBONATE AND ABS MELTS Ruifeng Liang and Rakesh K. Gupta Department of Chemical Engineering West Virginia University Proc. XIII Int. Congress on Rheology (August
More informationDynamic Mechanical Analysis
OpenStax-CNX module: m50234 1 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Julia Zhao Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 1 Introduction
More information7 Most Important Test Methods
7 Most Important Test Methods A variety of measurement methods and instruments are used for rheological characterization of cosmetic emulsions. At low shear rates [62] for detection of the apparent yield
More informationPerformance Graded (PG) Asphalts
Performance Graded (PG) Asphalts A Driving Force In Asphalt SUPERPAVE Update for NJDOT/NEAUPG Mechanistic Pavement Design Seminar Princeton, NJ - Feb. 25, 2003 What is SUPERPAVE? New Asphalt Binder specification
More informationFLUIDS FOR TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY - Rheology and Microstructure - by Marika Santagata, David Geier, Wendell Solomon PURDUE
FLUIDS FOR TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY - Rheology and Microstructure - by Marika Santagata, David Geier, Wendell Solomon PURDUE U N I V E R S I T Y Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) PURDUE GEOTECHNICAL
More informationEVALUATION OF INJECTION MOLDING CONDITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IN SITU POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS
EVALUATION OF INJECTION MOLDING CONDITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IN SITU POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS Fernando Costa Almada¹, Marcelo Farah¹, Susana Liberman¹ and Raquel Mauler² 1 - Braskem S. A., Polymer
More informationA material characterization of two-solution bone cement containing ethylene glycol-dimethacrylate as a crosslinker
Syracuse University SURFACE Theses - ALL January 2017 A material characterization of two-solution bone cement containing ethylene glycol-dimethacrylate as a crosslinker Michael John Wiegand Syracuse University
More informationAPN029. The SER2 Universal platform for material testing. A.Franck TA Instruments Germany
APN029 The SER2 Universal platform for material testing A.Franck TA Instruments Germany Keywords: Elongation viscosity, Hencky rate, SER, friction testing INTRODUCTION The roots of extensional rheometry
More informationESTIMATION OF ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY OF POLYMERS FOR ACCURATE PREDICTION OF JUNCTURE LOSSES IN INJECTION MOLDING
ESTIMATION OF ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY OF POLYMERS FOR ACCURATE PREDICTION OF JUNCTURE LOSSES IN INJECTION MOLDING Mahesh Gupta Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department Michigan Technological
More informationIntroduction to Dynamic Mechanical Testing for Rubbers and Elastomers. Mackenzie Geiger Applications Scientist September 6, 2017
Introduction to Dynamic Mechanical Testing for Rubbers and Elastomers Mackenzie Geiger Applications Scientist September 6, 2017 Is DMA Thermal Analysis or Rheology? Definitions Thermal Analysis measurement
More informationDURABILITY OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE JOINTS
DURABILITY OF PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE JOINTS Paul Ludwig Geiss, Daniel Vogt Kaiserslautern University of Technology, Faculty Mechanical and Process Engineering, Workgroup Materials and Surface Technologies
More informationImproved Processing of Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Elastomers
Struktol Company of America 201 E. Steels Corners Road P.O. Box 1649 Stow, OH 44224-0649 (330) 928-5188 Fax (330) 928-8726 Improved Processing of Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Elastomers Presented by
More informationRheological Indicators to Predict the Extrusion Coating Performance of LDPE. Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT
Rheological Indicators to Predict the Extrusion Coating Performance of LDPE Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT LDPE from high-pressure autoclave reactors for extrusion
More informationLessons learned while watching paint dry: film formation, drying fronts, and cracking
Lessons learned while watching paint dry: film formation, drying fronts, and cracking William B. Russel Department of Chemical Engineering Princeton University Procter and Gamble July 2007 OUTLINE one-dimensional
More informationDMA 2980 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer
DMA 298 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer Stress Strain δ = 1% Elastic Behavior < δ < 9 Viscoelastic Behavior Figure 1 Oscillation Behavior of Materials δ = 9 1% Viscous Behavior Figure 2 Viscoelasticity and
More informationRubber Process Analyzer RPA Applications: Bridging the Gap Between Polymer/Compound Properties and Processing Behavior
Rubber Process Analyzer RPA Applications: Bridging the Gap Between Polymer/Compound Properties and Processing Behavior Greg Kamykowski, PhD Alina Latshaw, PhD TA Instruments Waters LLC Akron, OH September
More information3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials 3.1 Stress-Strain Relationships 3.2 Hardness 3.3 Effect of Temperature on Properties 3.4 Fluid Properties 3.5 Viscoelastic Properties Importance of Mechanical Properties
More informationOptimizing Rheology for Paint and Coating Applications
Optimizing Rheology for Paint and Coating Applications RHEOLOGY AND VISCOSITY INTRODUCTION Paints or coatings, like many commercial products, must be optimized for their end use performance, which for
More informationRheological Techniques for Yield Stress Analysis
Rheological Techniques for Yield Stress Analysis Keywords: yield stress, structured fluids, rheology, viscoelastic, viscosity RH025 ABSTRACT Yield stress analysis is important for all complex structured
More informationRelative humidity as a new parameter in rheological testing
Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Colloidal, Macromolecular & Biological Gels: Formulation, Properties & Applications Proceedings 7-13-2016 Relative humidity as a new parameter
More informationProgress Since the Last TIM (July 98) (On Modeling Corrosion Damage)
Progress Since the Last TIM (July 98) (On Modeling Corrosion Damage) by V. Chandrasekaran (Chandru), Ph.D. David W. Hoeppner, P.E., Ph.D. International Incorporated 1146 S. Oak Hills Way Salt Lake City,
More informationAchieving Ideal Coating & Laminate Properties Through Rheology. Dalton Echard -Rheology Specialist-
Achieving Ideal Coating & Laminate Properties Through Rheology Dalton Echard -Rheology Specialist- www.anton-paar.com What is rheology? What can rheology tell me about a coating? How can rheology help?
More informationTIMAwave a novel test stand for thermal diffusivity measurement based on the Angstrom s method
1 TIMAwave a novel test stand for thermal diffusivity measurement based on the Angstrom s method 12th European Advanced Technology Workshop on Micropackaging and Thermal management La Rochelle, France
More informationA 6.6 ml aliquot of whole physiological native blood was taken directly from the patient and
Supplemental 1 Gel Point Measurement A 6.6 ml aliquot of whole physiological native blood was taken directly from the patient and loaded into a double-gap concentric cylinder of a TA Instruments AR-G2
More informationBackscattered Electron Imaging to Enhance Microstructural Contrast in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Bone Cement Fracture Analysis
Cells and Materials Volume 5 Number 3 Article 6 1995 Backscattered Electron Imaging to Enhance Microstructural Contrast in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Bone Cement Fracture Analysis L. D. T. Topoleski University
More informationMicroneedle assisted. micro-particle delivery from gene guns: experiments using skin-mimicking. agarose gel
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Microneedle assisted micro-particle delivery from gene guns: experiments using skin-mimicking agarose gel This item was submitted to Loughborough University's
More informationShort Aramid Fibre Reinforced Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite. A new hip-prosthesis Hofsté, Joanna Maria
University of Groningen Short Aramid Fibre Reinforced Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite. A new hip-prosthesis Hofsté, Joanna Maria IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's
More informationSynthetic Non-Biodegradable Polymers:
Synthetic Non-Biodegradable Polymers: Synthetic polymers have been widely used in making various medical devices, such as disposable supplies, implants, drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds.
More informationIntroduction to Joining Processes
4. TEST METHODS Joints are generally designed to support a load, and must be tested to evaluate their load-supporting capabilities. However, it is also important to evaluate, not the joint, but rather
More informationDETERMINING THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT BINDER USING DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER (DSR) FOR SELECTED PAVEMENT STRETCHES
DETERMINING THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT BINDER USING DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER (DSR) FOR SELECTED PAVEMENT STRETCHES Chetana Joshi 1, Amit Patted 2, Archana M.R 3, M S.Amarnath 4 1, 2 Student,
More informationAsphalt Aging and its Impact on the Timing of Preventive Maintenance
Asphalt Aging and its Impact on the Timing of Preventive Maintenance Mike Anderson Asphalt Institute 19 th Annual TERRA Pavement Conference University of Minnesota 12 February 2015 Acknowledgments TPF-5(153)
More informationCHAPTER 3 OUTLINE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS PART 1
CHAPTER 3 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS PART 1 30 July 2007 1 OUTLINE 3.1 Mechanical Properties 3.1.1 Definition 3.1.2 Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties 3.1.3 Kinds of Mechanical Properties 3.1.4 Stress
More informationCRANIOS REINFORCED BONE VOID FILLER
CRANIOS REINFORCED BONE VOID FILLER The tougher bone cement TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH INTRODUCTION CRANIOS REINFORCED Bone Void Filler contains reinforcing fibers that impart an increase in toughness* to reduce
More informationFINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE PIER COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO SEISMIS LOADING
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE PIER COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO SEISMIS LOADING By Benjamin M. Schlick University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
More informationtainstruments.com São Paulo, Brazil Mexico City, Mexico Montreal, Canada
Rubber Testing tainstruments.com New Castle, DE USA Lindon, UT USA Hüllhorst, Germany Shanghai, China Beijing, China Tokyo, Japan Seoul, South Korea Taipei, Taiwan Bangalore, India Sydney, Australia Guangzhou,
More informationPERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL HOT-MELT ADHESIVES
PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL HOT-MELT ADHESIVES THE EFFECT OF MATERIAL PROPERTY AND OPEN TIME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL HOT-MELT ADHESIVES By GIANG LE, B.Eng&Mgt. A Thesis Submitted to the School of
More informationFIVE STAR PRODUCTS, INC. (800)
FIVE STAR PRODUCTS, INC. www.fivestarproducts.com (800) 243-2206 Page 1 of 11 DESIGN-A-SPEC GUIDELINES FIVE STAR RS ANCHOR GEL CONTENTS PART A - GENERAL CONDITIONS PART B - MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS PART
More informationThermal and Rheological Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients for Hot Melt Extrusion
Thermal and Rheological Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients for Hot Melt Extrusion Karen Coppens, Mark Hall, Pam Larsen, Shawn Mitchell, P. Nguyen, Mike Read, Uma Shrestha, Parvinder Walia The Dow
More informationSESSION ETD 422 FAILURE ANALYSIS STUDIES IN COLLABORATION WITH INDUSTRIES FOR STUDENT DESIGN PROJECTS
FAILURE ANALYSIS STUDIES IN COLLABORATION WITH INDUSTRIES FOR STUDENT DESIGN PROJECTS K.V. Sudhakar 1 and Tadeusz Majewski 2 Abstract This paper discusses two case studies of student design projects on
More informationEFFECT OF THE GRID-SHAPED STABILIZED GROUND IMPROVEMENT TO LIQUEFIABLE GROUND
EFFECT OF THE GRID-SHAPED STABILIZED GROUND IMPROVEMENT TO LIQUEFIABLE GROUND K SATO 1 And T MATSUDA 2 SUMMARY Effective countermeasures for liquefaction of sandy ground under or adjacent to existing structures
More informationLecture Notes. Elasticity, Shrinkage and Creep. Concrete Technology
Lecture Notes Elasticity, Shrinkage and Creep Concrete Technology Here the following three main types of deformations in hardened concrete subjected to external load and environment are discussed. Elastic
More informationEFFECT OF SCREW SPEED ON POLYETHYLENE-CALCIUM CARBONATE COMPOSITES PRODUCED USING TWIN AND QUAD SCREW EXTRUDERS
EFFECT OF SCREW SPEED ON POLYETHYLENE-CALCIUM CARBONATE COMPOSITES PRODUCED USING TWIN AND QUAD SCREW EXTRUDERS Mansour M. Albareeki, Stephen Burke Driscoll, and Carol F. Barry Department of Plastics Engineering,
More informationRHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ROSAND RH7 & RH10 RHEOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS BACKED WITH RHEOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ROSAND RH7 & RH10 RHEOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS BACKED WITH RHEOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE ADVANCED, POWERFUL FLOOR STANDING CAPILLARY RHEOMETERS FOR RESEARCH AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Since its
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF FIBRE MATRIX INTERFACIAL ADHESION IN FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES BY PUSH IN TEST
CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBRE MATRIX INTERFACIAL ADHESION IN FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES BY PUSH IN TEST M. Rodríguez, J. Molina, C. González, J. LLorca IMDEA Materials Institute & Polytechnic University of
More informationCreep and Shrinkage Analysis of Composite Truss Bridge with Double Decks
Abstract Creep and Shrinkage Analysis of Composite Truss Bridge with Double Decks XIN Haohui; LIU Yuqing; Zheng Shuangjie Tongji University,Shanghai, China 2011xinhaohui@tongji.edu.cn; yql@tongji.edu.cn;
More informationALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIVE MORTAR CYLINDERS PARTLY RESTRAINED BY EXTERNAL CFRP FABRIC EXPANSION AND CONFINEMENT
ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIVE MORTAR CYLINDERS PARTLY RESTRAINED BY EXTERNAL CFRP FABRIC EXPANSION AND CONFINEMENT B. J. WIGUM SINTEF Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cement and Concrete N-7465 Trondheim,
More informationPolymers and plastics
Polymers and plastics Also available at www.malvern.co.uk Determining extrusion and die swell properties of polymers Introduction Traditional methods of measuring viscosities of polymer melts include melt
More informationNovel Plasticizers for Low Fusion Temperature Plastisols. Presented by Sean Neuenfeldt
1 Novel Plasticizers for Low Fusion Temperature Plastisols Presented by Sean Neuenfeldt 2 Background Plastisols are widely used for their utility and ease of processing. Therefore, plasticizers capable
More informationModule 8: Composite Testing Lecture 36: Quality Assessment and Physical Properties. Introduction. The Lecture Contains
Introduction In the previous lecture we have introduced the needs, background and societies for mechanical testing of composites. In this lecture and subsequent lectures we will see principles for the
More informationPRISM TEST, FLAT JACK TEST, REBOUND HAMMER, & MECHANICAL PULSE VELOCITY
PRISM TEST, FLAT JACK TEST, REBOUND HAMMER, & MECHANICAL PULSE VELOCITY PRISM TEST(Introduction) It is a laboratory test to calculate the compressive strength of a masonry prism. The prism can be obtained
More informationSystem Level Overview of the Hypergolic Gelled Propellant Lab (GPL)
System Level Overview of the Hypergolic Gelled Propellant Lab (GPL) Dr. Timothée L. Pourpoint Dr. Steve Heister Dr. William Anderson Dr. Robert Lucht Dr. Steven Son Purdue University Maurice J. Zucrow
More informationTensile Bond Between Substrate Concrete and Normal Repairing Mortar under Freeze Thaw Cycles
4 th International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures 24 26 July 2014 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Abstract Tensile Bond Between Substrate Concrete and Normal Repairing Mortar
More informationCIV204 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION (2+2 ECTS 6)
CIV204 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Aims of the Course (2+2 ECTS 6) To provide students comprehensive information on the basic engineering properties of most common construction materials. To introduce technologies
More informationMiniLab-Compounder and Reactor
MiniLab-Compounder and Reactor Georgius Isaakides, Dr. A. Frendel, J. Bouton Thermo Haake, Dieselstrasse 4, D-76771 Karlsruhe, Germany Jacques.bouton@thermorheo.com Presented on PPS-17, Montreal Abstract
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING MIXING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURES FOR HOT-MIX ASPHALT
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING MIXING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURES FOR HOT-MIX ASPHALT Randy West Director National Center for Asphalt Technology John Casola Product Sales Manager Malvern
More informationShrinkage Development in High Performance Concrete. Ammar Yahia, P.Eng., Ph.D.,
Shrinkage Development in High Performance Concrete Ammar Yahia, P.Eng., Ph.D., Outlines 1. Introduction 2. High-performance concrete 3. Autogenous shrinkage 4. Autogenous shrinkage stress 5. Autogenous
More informationExperimental evaluation on high temperature rheological properties of various fiber modified asphalt binders
J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. (2008) 15(s1): 135 139 DOI: 10.1007/s11771 008 332 0 Experimental evaluation on high temperature rheological properties of various fiber modified asphalt binders CHEN Zheng(
More informationYield Stress and Low-Temperature Start-Up Torque of Lubricating Greases
Tribol Lett (2016) 63:6 DOI 10.1007/s11249-016-0693-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Yield Stress and Low-Temperature Start-Up Torque of Lubricating Greases F. Cyriac 1,2 P. M. Lugt 2,3 R. Bosman 2 Received: 8 February
More informationSuperpave TM Asphalt Binders. Chapter 6-2
Superpave TM Asphalt Binders Chapter 6-2 Traditional Grading Temperature ( C) 46 52 58 64 70 76 82 200-300 400-600 800-1200 1600-2400 3200-4800 Viscosity (cp) Performance Grading Temperature ( C) 46 52
More informationPolydimethylsiloxane Mechanical Properties Measured by Macroscopic Compression and Nanoindentation Techniques
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2011 Polydimethylsiloxane Mechanical Properties Measured by Macroscopic Compression and Nanoindentation Techniques
More informationLOW AND HIGH SHEAR RATE RHEOLOGY OF INJECTION MOULDING GRADE LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS
LOW AND HIGH SHEAR RATE RHEOLOGY OF INJECTION MOULDING GRADE LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS Ahmed Rahman, Rahul K Gupta*, Sati N. Bhattacharya, Shishir Ray 1 and Franco Costa 1 Rheology and Materials Processing
More informationVORAFORCE RTM Resin Systems
VORAFORCE RTM Resin Systems Mass Reduction for Mass Production Rainer Königer, Luca Lotti, Tim Morley, Katja Oswald, Martin Reimers SICOMP Conference 1 st /2 nd June 2017 DowAutomotive.com Trademark of
More informationAdipose-Tissue-Inspired Viscoelastic Composite for Tunable Soft Implant and Elastomer Applications
Adipose-Tissue-Inspired Viscoelastic Composite for Tunable Soft Implant and Elastomer Applications Final Report: May 11, 2016 Kyle Kim, Mike Messina, Sadia Naseem, Ian Robinson, Claire Tomaszewski, Casey
More informationThe Rheological Properties of Fluid Denture-Base Resins
The Rheological Properties of Fluid Denture-Base Resins S. G. VERMILYEA, J. M. POWERS, and A. KORAN Division of Dental Materials, U.S. Army Institute of Dental Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center,
More informationDynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis of a Multipurpose Thermo-Elastic Acrylic Resin With Different Softener/Hardener Monomer Ratios
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(3): 695-699, 2012 ISSN 1991-8178 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis of a Multipurpose Thermo-Elastic Acrylic Resin With Different Softener/Hardener
More informationShrinkage and Cracking: Test Methods, Materials Innovations and Improved Specifications
Shrinkage and Cracking: Test Methods, Materials Innovations and Improved Specifications Jason Weiss, Oregon State University jason.weiss@oregonstate.edu 765-412-8358 The 1980-90 s usher in Higher Strength
More informationMelt processing and Mechanical Properties of Polyolefin Block Copolymers. Alhad Phatak Adviser: Frank Bates
Melt processing and Mechanical Properties of Polyolefin Block Copolymers Alhad Phatak Adviser: Frank Bates Combine properties of different polymers Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene) blend (Wang et al. J.
More informationEffect of filler addition on the compressive and impact properties of glass fibre reinforced epoxy
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 24, No. 2, April 2001, pp. 219 223. Indian Academy of Sciences. Effect of filler addition on the compressive and impact properties of glass fibre reinforced epoxy NIKHIL GUPTA*,
More informationDO NOT TURN THIS PAGE OVER AND START THE QUIZ UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO.
3.032 Quiz 3 Fall 2006 DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE OVER AND START THE QUIZ UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO. Guidelines: 1. Show all your work on the sheets included in this stapled document. 2. Use partial credit
More informationDIVISION: CONCRETE SECTION: CONCRETE ANCHORS SECTION: PRECAST STRUCTURAL CONCRETE SECTION: SITE CAST CONCRETE
0 Most Widely Accepted and Trusted ICC ES Evaluation Report ICC ES 000 (800) 423 6587 (562) 699 0543 www.icc es.org ESR 2873 Issued 09/2017 This report is subject to renewal 09/2018. DIVISION: 03 00 00
More informationOverview. Research area Most recent projects highlights. Dr. Elaheh Ghassemieh Mechanical Engineering Department University of Sheffield
Overview Research area Most recent projects highlights Dr. Elaheh Ghassemieh Mechanical Engineering Department University of Sheffield Research areas Nonwovens Novel materials and their processes Bio-composites
More informationJoining of Dissimilar Automotive Materials
Joining of Dissimilar Automotive Materials P.K. Mallick William E. Stirton Professor of Mechanical Engineering Director, Center for Lighweighting Automotive Materials and Processing University of Michigan-Dearborn
More informationTHE MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PA6/PA12 BLENDS BY SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
THE MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PA6/PA12 BLENDS BY SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING Gean V. Salmoria 1, Janaina L. Leite 1, Alexandre Lago 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), CIMJECT
More informationFIMATEST A NEW TESTING SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE FIBRE-MATRIX ADHESION STRENGTH BY MEANS OF PULL- OUT TESTS
FIMATEST A NEW TESTING SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE FIBRE-MATRIX ADHESION STRENGTH BY MEANS OF PULL- OUT TESTS Edith Mäder, Christina Scheffler Leibniz-Insitut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.v. Hohe Straße
More informationStudy on Properties of Ceramic Tile Bonding Mortar
Study on Properties of Ceramic Tile Bonding Ceramic tile is a widely used wall decoration material. However, since the ceramic tile mortar currently used is mostly the cement mortar, mortar of this kind
More informationInvestigation of Interface Delamination of EMC-Copper Interfaces in Molded Electronic packages
Agenda Investigation of Interface Delamination of EMC-Copper Interfaces in Molded Electronic packages A.Yadur 1,2, P. Gromala 2, Dipl.-Ing. Axel Mueller 3 1Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions
More information, 29, , (1995). ABSTRACT
1 Brodt, M. and Lakes, R. S., "Composite materials which exhibit high stiffness and high viscoelastic damping", adapted from J. Composite Materials, 29, 1823-1833, (1995). ABSTRACT Composite micro-structures
More informationAging of Asphalt. R. Michael (Mike) Anderson Director of Research and Lab Services Asphalt Institute 29 August 2012
Aging of Asphalt R. Michael (Mike) Anderson Director of Research and Lab Services Asphalt Institute 29 August 2012 Acknowledgments TPF-5(153) Optimal Timing of Preventive Maintenance for Addressing Environmental
More informationVISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS
VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS Log E (Pa) 10 Glassy region 9 8 7 6 5 Rubbery plateau Cross-linked elastomers Measured over Some arbitrary Time period - say 10 secs 4 3 Low Melt Temperature
More informationRHEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS BINDER MODIFIED WITH WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL
RHEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS BINDER MODIFIED WITH WASTE PLASTIC MATERIAL Abdelaziz MAHREZ 1 and Mohamed Rehan KARIM 2 1 Assistant Professor and 2 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering - University
More informationLiquid Optically Clear Adhesive for Display Applications
Liquid Optically Clear Adhesive for Display Applications Daniel Lu, PhD Technical Director Henkel Corporation LOCTITE Liquid Optically Clear Adhesives (LOCA) Cover lens LOCA Touch sensor LOCA LCD 2 LOCA
More informationRepetition: Adhesion Mechanisms
Repetition: Adhesion Mechanisms a) Mechanical interlocking b) Monolayer/monolayer c) Chemical bonding d) Diffusion e) Psedo diffusion due to augmented energy input (hyperthermal particles) Repetition:
More informationProcessing of Metal Powders
Chapter 17 Processing of Metal Powders QUALITATIVE PROBLEMS 17.15 Why is there density variation in the compacting of powders? How is it reduced? The main reason for density variation in compacting of
More informationElectrical and Thermal Properties of Electrically Conductive Adhesives Using A Heat-resistant Epoxy Binder
Electrical and Thermal Properties of Electrically Conductive Adhesives Using A Heat-resistant Epoxy Binder Masahiro Inoue 1),3) and Johan Liu 1),2) (1) Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers
More informationSCREW DESIGN BASICS The Processor Point Of View. Andrew W. Christie Optex Process Solutions, LLC
SCREW DESIGN BASICS The Processor Point Of View Andrew W. Christie Optex Process Solutions, LLC www.optexprocesssolutions.com Outline Define the goal Review basic extruder components Discuss process elements
More informationNPL Manual. Modelling Creep in Toughened Epoxy Adhesives
NPL Manual Modelling Creep in Toughened Epoxy Adhesives This Electronic Guide was produced as part of the Measurements for Materials System Programme on Design for Fatigue and Creep in Joined Systems Introduction
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF FLUIDS USING OSCILLATORY MEASUREMENTS
CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUIDS USING OSCILLATORY MEASUREMENTS Mohammad Reza Mobaraki, Mohammad Ali Adelian rezaamo1989@gmail.com,ma_adelian@yahoo.com Abstract Fracturing fluid has a very important role in
More informationALTERNATIVE REACTIVE MONOMER CHEMISTRIES IN RESINS FOR PULTRUSION PROCESSING
ALTERNATIVE REACTIVE MONOMER CHEMISTRIES IN RESINS FOR PULTRUSION PROCESSING W. Grant Richmond Deltech Corporation 11911 Scenic Highway Baton Rouge LA. 70807 ABSTRACT Vinyl toluene (VT), under the family
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15252-2 First edition 1999-11-15 Plastics Epoxy powder moulding compounds (EP-PMCs) Part 2: Preparation of test specimens and determination of properties Plastiques Poudres à
More information21 Fracture and Fatigue Revision
21 Fracture and Fatigue Revision EG2101 / EG2401 March 2015 Dr Rob Thornton Lecturer in Mechanics of Materials www.le.ac.uk Fracture concepts Fracture: Initiation and propagation of cracks within a material
More informationRheology of Lignin and Lignin/PET Blends
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2006 Rheology of Lignin and Lignin/PET Blends Jesse Daniel Bush University of Tennessee
More informationPermeability, Flow Rate, and Hydraulic Conductivity Determination for Variant Pressures and Grain Size Distributions
Permeability, Flow Rate, and Hydraulic Conductivity Determination for Variant Pressures and Grain Size Distributions Nick Desiderio, npd5050@psu.edu, February 18, 2014 Abstract Carbon capture and storage
More informationDESIGNING OF A TESTING MACHINE FOR SHEAR-MODE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH
Advanced Materials Development and Performance (AMDP2011) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 6 (2012) 318-323 World Scientific Publishing Company DOI: 10.1142/S2010194512003376
More informationSIRRIS ADD department. Additive Manufacturing
SIRRIS ADD department Additive Manufacturing thierry.dormal@sirris.be ADD capacities & competencies SIRRIS ADD (1990 2011) 15 engineers and technicians Two locations: Liège (10 p.) and Charleroi (5 p.)
More informationTAILORING THE RHEOLOGY OF AQUEOUS ACRYLIC PSA-DISPERSIONS
TAILORING THE RHEOLOGY OF AQUEOUS ACRYLIC PSA-DISPERSIONS Dr. Norbert Willenbacher, Dr. Lars Börger and Dr. Dieter Urban, Polymer Research, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany INTRODUCTION
More informationTotal 30. Chapter 7 HARDENED CONCRETE
Total 30 Chapter 7 HARDENED CONCRETE 1 Shrinkage Shrinkage of concrete is caused by the settlement of solids and the loss of free water from the plastic concrete (plastic shrinkage), by the chemical combination
More informationMonitoring Of Adhesive Cure Process and Following Evaluation of Adhesive Joint Structure by Acoustic Techniques
ECNDT 006 - We... Monitoring Of Adhesive Cure Process and Following Evaluation of Adhesive Joint Structure by Acoustic Techniques Elena Yu. MAEVA, Ina SEVIARYNA, Gilbert B. CHAPMAN, Fedar M. SEVERIN University
More informationTHE DESIGN OF EXTERNALLY BONDED REINFORCEMENT (EBR) FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP)
THE DESIGN OF EXTERNALLY BONDED REINFORCEMENT (EBR) FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS (FRP) Introduction Dott. Ing. Giovanni Cerretini Studio Technica (studio@technica.net)
More information