Contents. 3. Expanding the Market for Composites Through Innovation. 4. Leveraging Technology for Breakthrough Innovations

Transcription

1 Innovative Technology Enabling New Applications

2 Contents 3. Expanding the Market for Composites Through Innovation 4. Leveraging Technology for Breakthrough Innovations 6. ShieldStrand Reinforcements for Lightweight Protection 8. XStrand Reinforcements for Stronger, Stiffer and Lighter Composites 10. WindStrand Reinforcements for Lower-Cost Power 12. FliteStrand Reinforcements for Lighter Aircraft 14. Enabling More Possibilities 15. Glossary 2

3 Expanding the Market for Composites Through Innovation Building on its heritage of leadership and innovation in glass fiber reinforcement and composite technology, Owens Corning has developed a new generation of reinforcement technology that redefines the availability and value of high-performance glass fiber materials. Innovative technology Redefining value Enabling new applications Proprietary technology provides the nucleus for an extensive and growing array of products with special properties. This new era in reinforcements began in 1997 with the introduction of Advantex glass, a patented boron- and fluorine-free platform that produces higher-performing glass fiber and a significantly smaller environmental footprint compared with standard E-glass processes. By 2006, Owens Corning had extended the use of Advantex technology to bring large-scale production to high-strength glass fiber, an achievement previously thought to be technically unfeasible. The company s first application of this high-strength glass fiber technology was a family of high-performance reinforcements based on an R-glass formulation. The technology has now been extended again to include enhanced S-glass highperformance reinforcements. Capacity for the new direct-melt process is about 50 times the size of paramelters typically used to produce high-strength glass. This scale production process was developed to make highperformance reinforcements widely available and achieve a level of value that enhances their competitiveness. Wider availability will provide greater choice and security of supply, encouraging the use of high-performance glass fiber reinforcements by designers and manufacturers. Improved competitiveness will enable composites to continue replacing traditional materials such as steel and aluminum. The benchmarks for high-strength glass fiber reinforcements are now: ShieldStrand reinforcements for defense XStrand reinforcements for industrial, sports and recreation WindStrand reinforcements for wind energy FliteStrand reinforcements for aerospace Owens Corning has developed high-performance products to meet the specific needs of these markets. 3

4 Leveraging Technology for Breakthrough Innovations For more than 70 years, Owens Corning has pioneered the development of the glass fiber industry and transformed markets by replacing traditional materials wood, steel and aluminum with glass fiber composites in thousands of applications. Since the company first commercialized the processes for making fiberglass reinforcements, Owens Corning has continued to deliver innovative solutions: 1938 Developed E-glass 1963 Developed S-glass 1968 Developed S-2 Glass reinforcements 1980 Developed ECRGLAS reinforcements 1997 Developed Advantex glass 2006 Developed direct-melt R-glass highperformance reinforcements, trademarked ShieldStrand, XStrand, FliteStrand and WindStrand 2009 Reinvented S-glass with proprietary manufacturing technology Owens Corning introduced S-glass in 1963 after four years of research and development. With high tensile strength and high operating temperature, S-glass reinforcements were initially used for filament-wound rocket motor cases. The new glass formulation required a new fiberizing process due to the elevated processing temperature; this led to development of the paramelt process still used today for some high-performance glass fibers. In the nearly 50 years since S-glass was developed, Owens Corning has continued to advance fiber-forming science and redefine what is possible. The company now makes high-strength glass fibers with: New glass melting technology New glass delivery technology New glass fiberizing technology New glass chemistry and application technology Used in concert, this cutting-edge technology is enabling large-scale, direct-melt production of high-quality, high-strength glass fiber reinforcements for the most demanding applications. Development of the new generation of highperformance glass fiber reinforcements is being driven by the composites industry s need for large-volume production of high-strength, high-value material that will enable it to compete more effectively with traditional materials. The expanded platform underscores the company s commitment to providing a broad range of innovative reinforcement products that meet global market needs. Glass Composition Owens Corning is the only company offering the full range of industrial glass materials globally. While some companies are promoting reinforcements with enhanced sizing chemistry as high performance, Owens Corning high-performance reinforcements are OCV Reinforcements Products Advantex R-glass ShieldStrand reinforcements XStrand reinforcements WindStrand reinforcements S-glass ShieldStrand S reinforcements XStrand S reinforcements FliteStrand S reinforcements Available in various product forms and multiple sizing chemistries to deliver optimum performance in processing and in the finished composite part. The trademark, technology and equipment for making S-2 Glass fiber was spun off in 1998 in a venture that became AGY Holdings Corp., an independent and privately held enterprise * Not all product forms, sizings and secondary processes are available for every glass composition. 4

5 produced from glasses specifically formulated to yield higher tensile strength and stiffness. Owens Corning highperformance reinforcements are based on both R- and S- glass compositions. Bare S-glass properties are comparable to other commercial S-glasses. Due to advances in sizing and application technology, laminate properties can exceed previous standards. Composite Properties The following graph shows stress-strain curves typically obtained on a single filament according to ASTM D2101. Note that Owens Corning high-performance reinforcements, made with R- and S-glass, provide improved performance versus conventional E-glass properties with significantly higher strength, stiffness and strain to failure. Higher fiber toughness, which is almost twice the area (= strain energy) under the stress-strain curve, provides very good impact properties and damage tolerant behavior for parts subjected to impact such as ballistic panels, spall liners, pressure vessels and aircraft cargo liners. Typical Stress-Strain Curves of Fibers HS Carbon Aramid S-glass R-glass Advantex E-glass 0-4.0% - 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6. 0% 6000 MPa Delivering high performance Owens Corning offers a broad range of product and property choices that enable the best materials solutions for your application. Specific Fiber Tensile Modulus 10 8 in Owens Corning high-performance reinforcements deliver high specific tensile modulus. Specific Fiber Tensile Strength 10 6 in AS4 Carbon K49 Aramid K49 Aramid 8.92 AS4 Carbon Fiber Specific Tensile Modulus 10 8 in Competitive S-glass OCV S-glass Glass Type Owens Corning high-performance reinforcements deliver high tensile strength OCV R-glass Fiber Specific Tensile Strength 10 6 in OCV S-glass 7.82 Competitive S-glass Glass Type 7.22 OCV R-glass E-glass Yarn 5.73 Advantex Advantex 5.37 E-glass Yarn Stress-strain curves for various fibers show that OCV S- and R-glass provide better impact resistance and compression strength in a composite part than conventional E-glass, carbon and aramid fibers. The area under the curve defines the strain to failure or impact resistance. Carbon fiber has high modulus but fails at relatively low elongation compared to S-glass, resulting in lower overall strength and toughness. In addition, carbon does not perform well under compression. 5

6 ShieldStrand Reinforcements for Lightweight Protection Increasing global warfare and the need for security are driving demand for solutions that can defeat increasing threats. At the same time, enhancing safety and security must be balanced with practical constraints such as weight and cost. The result is the need for armor that can withstand increasing threat levels while weighing less and delivering greater value to protect the necessary number of vehicles and structures. Now there are solutions that can satisfy the performance needs of a variety of applications and threats. The solutions are ShieldStrand (made with R glass) and ShieldStrand S reinforcements, a family of high-strength, high-modulus glass fibers that are available and redefine the value of high-performance glass fiber reinforcements. ShieldStrand reinforcements provide significantly enhanced fiber properties for better finished part performance. They increase ballistic protection while lowering weight, meeting threat levels and stretching budgets. ShieldStrand reinforcements combine state-of-theart technology and formulation in a revolutionary manufacturing process to achieve high performance at a value that is much more attractive than current materials. As a result, it is now possible to produce composite armor that will meet a variety of threat levels. In addition Owens Corning manufacturing technology provides substantial capacity to meet growing demand. ShieldStrand reinforcements are available at two levels of performance and value. Standard ShieldStrand reinforcements are made with R-glass for lower threat levels, and ShieldStrand S reinforcements are made with S-glass and for protection against higher threat levels. Compared to competitive high-strength glass fibers, ShieldStrand S reinforcements offer the same level of ballistic performance. Unlike aramid and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ShieldStrand reinforcement offers superior mechanical properties, delivering structural performance as well as protection. ShieldStrand S reinforcements are made from a boronfree glass formulation that meets S-glass standards defined by ASTM C162, DIN 1259, ISO 2078, ASTM D578 and JIS R3410. The glass formulation is designed for excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus). ShieldStrand S reinforcement offers a balanced solution that is one-half the weight of steel and one-third the cost of UHMWPE at the same level of performance. These benefits result in both lighter and more affordable armor systems. ShieldStrand reinforcements are qualified under MIL-DTL-64154B Class B. Qualification is pending for ShieldStrand S glass fibers under MIL-DTL B Class A. ShieldStrand and ShieldStrand S reinforcements do not burn or melt and meet fire, smoke and toxicity (FST) requirements. ShieldStrand S reinforcements are available in fiber, fabric, pre-preg and armor panels, either from Owens Corning or our customers. V50 (fps) Ballistic Performance of ShieldStrand per MIL-DTL-64154B ShieldStrand S ShieldStrand Areal Density (psf) ShieldStrand and ShieldStrand S reinforcements meet MIL-spec ballistic V50 (30 caliber FSP) performance levels. MIL-DTL-64154B (Class A) MIL-DTL-64154B (Class B) Performance Weight Cost Structural Capability Part Thickness ( = thin) Corrosion Resistance Fire, Smoke, Toxicity Temperature Resistance ShieldStrand S S-2 Glass Steel Aluminum Aramid.30 cal FSP at 2455fps UHMW Polyethylene ShieldStrand S high-performance reinforcements provide a balanced solution one-half the weight of steel and one-third the cost of UHMWPE. ( = best in class, --- = worst in class.) 6

7 Delivering Performance Validated MIL-spec ballistic performance Up to 40 percent weight savings versus aluminum for equivalent FSP protection could increase vehicle payload and mobility Easily used with a steel or ceramic strike face to provide protection when armor piercing and multi-hit capability is required or an overmatched threat exists Meets fire, smoke and toxicity requirements Provide excellent durability in high-temperature, corrosive and high-humidity environments Readily Available Produced on a large scale using innovative OCV glass fiber technology Production can support surges common in defense applications As a fabricated product, historical pricing of glass fiber reinforcements has been less volatile than the specific aluminum alloys used in protection applications Enabling Possibilities ShieldStrand and ShieldStrand S reinforced panels can provide structure as well as protection, allowing armor to be integrated into the vehicle, reducing overall vehicle weight Can be molded into large complex-shaped structural parts using proven large scale composite manufacturing technologies Because it is one-third the cost of UHMWPE, more vehicles can be protected, increasing survivability Market: Defense Need: Light weight solutions Lower unit cost Integrated structure with armor protection Solution: Ballistic and blast-resistant panels using ShieldStrand and ShieldStrand S reinforcements Stronger: XStrand S Glass is up to 50 percent stronger, 20 percent stiffer and 80 percent tougher than traditional E-glass ShieldStrand S reinforcements provide the same level of ballistic performance as competitive S-glass reinforcements ShieldStrand reinforcements provide structural as well as ballistic solutions ShieldStrand reinforcements meet fire, smoke and toxicity requirements Lighter: Significant weight reduction over E-glass, steel and aluminum Available: $60.00 $50.00 Armor Material Cost vs. Weight UHMWPE (.30 cal FSP at 2455fps) ShieldStrand and ShieldStrand S reinforcements are produced in large quantities and are available today Cost ($/lb) $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 Aramid ShieldStrand $10.00 S Advantex (E-glass) ShieldStrand 5083 AL RHA Steel $ Weight required to meet MIL-DTL-64514B (lbs/sf) HIGH-STRENGTH MATERIALS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT, INTEGRATED STRUCTURES AND PROTECTION ShieldStrand high-performance reinforcements make lightweight protection affordable. A balanced solution half the weight of steel, one-third the cost of UHMWPE 7

8 XStrand Reinforcements for Stronger, Stiffer and Lighter Composites Design engineers, composite fabricators, original equipment manufacturers and consumers have been asking for material solutions that provide the performance of high-strength reinforcements, but more readily available and at a better value. Owens Corning XStrand reinforcements are now available to provide significantly enhanced fiber properties for better finished part performance. XStrand reinforcements have outstanding fatigue and impact performance, superior mechanical properties and offer significantly higher thermal performance and excellent corrosion resistance. These characteristics make XStrand reinforcements ideal for a host of industrial, sports and recreation applications, including use in the growing alternative fuel industry. XStrand reinforcements are available at two levels of performance and value. Standard XStrand reinforcements are made with R-glass for economical solutions, and XStrand S reinforcements are made with S-glass for even higher levels of performance. The two products are redefining the value in existing composites applications and making new market solutions possible. XStrand S reinforcements are a balanced solution with one-half the weight of steel and one-half the cost of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. XStrand S roving provides excellent performance in demanding industrial applications that require highstrength reinforcements and long life. Compared to conventional E-glass fibers, XStrand S reinforcement glass fibers are up to 50 percent stronger, 20 percent stiffer and 80 percent tougher. XStrand S reinforcements are available both as a continuous, direct roving product and in fabric form. XStrand S reinforcement can also be provided in a prepreg from our customers. A growing application that illustrates the value of XStrand S reinforcement is in compressed natural gas (CNG) tanks for transportation. A composite Type 4 cylinder made with XStrand S reinforcement is one-half the weight of a steel tank with the same storage capacity. The 50 percent weight savings means up to an additional two-ton reduction of CO 2 emissions over the lifetime of a mid-size car. In addition, XStrand S reinforcement provides as much as 40 percent cost savings versus aramid and carbon fibers. Pressure vessels that use XStrand S fibers as a replacement for E-glass fibers in the over-wrap improve pressure vessel performance in types II, III and IV. Higher performance can reduce warranty cost and lower weight Higher-strength glass can reduce total glass fiber content and improve processing speed In the case of automotive tanks, lower weight could result in improved vehicle range and handling XStrand S is also more damage- and corrosionresistant, extending pressure vessel life Other areas where XStrand S reinforcements can provide specialty performance and value include highperformance marine vessels, rubber reinforcement and friction applications, communication and power cable, high temperature environments and cured-in-place pipe rehabilitation. 8

9 XStrand S reinforcement delivers the benefits and value that will enable customers to do things they previously thought were not possible. Strength Retention (%) Strength Retention % vs. ph Exposure for 24 hrs at 96ºC OCV S-glass Competitive S-glass Std E-glass ph OCV high-performance S-glass fiber provides superior performance in acid and alkaline environments. Markets: Industrial, Sports and Recreation Need: High strength Impact resistance Lighter weight Lower system cost Solution: Pressure vessels, high-performance boats, tennis rackets, skis and snow boards made with XStrand S reinforcements Relative Vessels Cost 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% CNG Tank Cost to Weight Comparison of Materials High Resin Price Low Resin Price XStrand S (Type 4) Carbon (Type 4) (CNG Tank, 190 lit.) XStrand (Type 4) E-Glass (Type 4) Steel (Type 1) Enables up to 50 percent weight savings versus steel Enables up to 40 percent cost saving versus carbon fiber Excellent fatigue and impact resistance Provides opportunity to translate benefits into value for end-use customers 20% Vessel Weight (kg) Type liter CNG cylinders: XStrand reinforcement enables up to 40 percent cost reduction versus Carbon/Epoxy type 4 solution but with weight penalty. XStrand cylinder is half the weight of a typical steel tank and up to 20 percent lighter than equivalent E-glass solution at similar cost (saving in resin and manufacturing time). Cost Structure of Type 4 CNG Cylinder Direct Relative Cost % 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Carbon (*) CNG T4 Cylinder Cost Study XStrand (**) E-glass (**) Mfr. direct Resin Fiber (*) Safety factor 2.35 (**) Safety factor 3.65 XStrand reinforcements provide CNG pressure vessel manufacturers the opportunity for overall manufacturing cost saving by using less resin and reducing winding cycle time. (Based on production of a 190-liter, 200 bar CNG cylinder) 9

10 WindStrand Reinforcements for Lower-Cost Power WindStrand reinforcement is designed to enable wind blade fabricators to make longer, lighter and stiffer blades that can be paired with larger turbines to generate more electricity efficiently and thereby reduce the cost of a kilowatt-hour of energy. WindStrand reinforcement provides significant performance increases versus E-glass and offers substantial design benefits, including significantly increased stiffness, better strength and excellent fatigue properties. These benefits will help blade designers achieve superior performance in blade deflection and wind resistance, as well as help increase the life and energy conversion of a typical wind turbine installation. This enables blade manufacturers to push the glass fiber design further without using more expensive materials from the aerospace or military sectors. As a result of their enhanced performance attributes, WindStrand reinforcement provides blade weight savings of up to 17 percent versus conventional E-glass blades of the same design, depending on the size of the blade. Designers can increase blade lengths as much as 6 percent at the same weight to deliver up to 12 percent more power. WindStrand reinforcement can also provide a direct manufacturing cost savings of up to 20 percent compared to any other competing carbon-glass hybrid solution currently on the market. The end result is a lower cost of energy. Tests comparing Owens Corning WindStrand reinforcements in a new generation epoxy sizing versus. Owens Corning Advantex glass reinforcement both in unidirectional fabric laminates of the type used in blade spar caps found that laminates with WindStrand reinforcement exhibited 28 percent higher tensile strength and 12 percent higher stiffness. It should be noted that Advantex glass exhibits a 4 to 5 percent higher average stiffness than conventional E-glasses. The tensile-tensile dynamic fatigue (R=0.1) performance as illustrated in the following chart demonstrate a 38 percent higher fatigue strength at 1 million cycles for WindStrand reinforcement, leading to more than 20 percent higher allowable strain. Time to failure is increased by more than a decade for WindStrand reinforcements compared to Advantex glass at a given stress level. In addition to its performance benefits, WindStrand reinforcement provides more ease in fabrication and is less sensitive to process issues like fiber misalignments or ply drops that are often a concern with other high-performance materials such as carbon fiber. WindStrand roving is a direct, single-end roving available in Tex ranging from 300 to WindStrand fabrics are also available. Owens Corning WindStrand reinforcement is an easy-to-work-with solution that reduces costs and makes wind energy more competitive. WindStrand reinforcement allows design engineers to take full advantage of the potential benefits of larger blades designed and constructed entirely of glass. 10

11 Tensile Strength (MPa) Tensile Modulus (GPa) Windstrand Reinforcement Property (vs. conventional E-glass) Up to 20 percent higher stiffness Up to 35 percent higher strength More than 10 times greater fatigue life at same load Up to 12 percent higher strain to failure Up to 40 percent higher strain energy density 8-17 percent weight savings, depending on blade length Higher tensile strength Higher tensile modulus Higher specific modulus/lower density reinforcement Higher fatigue Results In: Larger load for same deformation Larger load (higher wind speed) Improved durability, reliability and lower maintenance cost Higher deformation allowable Better impact and damage tolerance For similar design Ability to take larger load (higher wind speeds) Stiffer, lighter blades Further improvement on lowering the weight Longer blade durability WindStrand high-performance reinforcements provide a 28 percent increase in tensile strength in composites versus E-glass WindStrand Tensile Strength vs. Advantex & E-Glass Tensile Strength (Adjusted for FVF 55%) E-glass Advantex WindStrand Glass (warp) WindStrand Tensile Modulus vs. Advantex & E-Glass Tensile Modulus (Adjusted for FVF 55%) E-glass Advantex WindStrand WindStrand high-performance reinforcements provide a 12 percent increase in tensile modulus in composites versus E-glass. Glass Market: Wind Energy Need: Achieve price parity with traditional fuels Lower cost of electricity per kilowatt hour (Kwh) Solution: Wind turbine generator blades made with Owens Corning WindStrand reinforcements: Enables blade manufacturer to reduce blade weight by up to 10 percent Enables up to 6 percent longer blades with no increase in weight Provides opportunity to translate benefits into more power Ultimately results in a lower cost per Kwh WindStrand Reinforcement Value Higher modulus enables lower blade weight or longer blades: Offers option of moving the center of gravity of the blade out for a more stable turbine system Lighter blades: Enable lower cut-in speed to capture more wind power and lower the cost of energy (COE) Help reduce transportation and installation costs Help reduce wear and tear on the system and extend turbine life, further reducing the COE Improved fatigue properties enhance durability blade 11

12 FliteStrand Reinforcements for Lighter Aircraft As airlines struggle with the twin challenges of lowering operating costs and increasing environmental stewardship, aerospace engineers are looking for ways to design lighter components to decrease overall aircraft weight and achieve better fuel economy. With the planned introduction of FliteStrand S reinforcement in 2010, Owens Corning researchers will deliver a high-performance fiber solution that meets the stringent fitness-for-use requirements of the aerospace market while simultaneously enhancing value. FliteStrand S reinforcements will be made with S-glass and used for high-strength, low-weight applications. Composite aircraft parts manufactured with FliteStrand S reinforcement will enable up to 20 percent lighter or stronger laminates versus conventional E-glass. Owens Corning has tested laminates made with FliteStrand S reinforcement coupled with its new generation epoxy-compatible sizing and found their flexural modulus and impact performance to be comparable to laminates made with other highperformance glass fibers. In pre-preg processing with epoxy resin, FliteStrand S reinforcements provided fast wetting and low twist. FliteStrand S reinforcement will be available in outside pull multi-end roving as well as fabric. 12

13 The combination of high performance and value will offer aerospace engineers new material choices to enable them to design lighter and stronger aircraft. FliteStrand S reinforcement will provide comparable performance to metals with less weight and better fatigue performance. This will allow engineers to address two of their top challenges lowering both fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. FliteStrand S reinforcement is designed for demanding aerospace applications, such as aircraft ceilings, side walls, overhead storage bins, galleys, floor panels, bulkheads, vertical partitions, cargo liners, nacelles, radomes, flight control surfaces, fairings, winglets, ailerons, flaps, landing gear doors, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, and helicopter rotor blades. Owens Corning high-performance FliteStrand S reinforcement will be made from a boron-free glass formulation that meets S-glass standards as defined by ASTM C162, DIN 1259, ISO 2078, ASTM D578 and JIS R3410. This glass formulation is designed for excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) and offers significantly better thermal and corrosion resistance properties than conventional E-glass. FliteStrand S reinforcement also meets the tensile strength requirements for MIL-R Type 4, Classes 1 and 2. Market: Aerospace Need: Lower operating costs Increase fuel economy Lighter aircraft Solution: Composite applications made with FliteStrand S reinforcements Enable weight savings up to 20 percent Offer excellent fatigue, impact and temperature resistance Reduce overall cost of ownership 13

14 Enabling More possibilities Owens Corning high-performance reinforcements offer these benefits: Strength Up to 50 percent higher strength with S-glass versus conventional E-glass Modulus (stiffness) Up to 20 percent higher modulus with S-glass versus conventional E-glass fibers Fatigue End-use parts have higher fatigue properties, a key requirement for high-performance composite applications Impact Resistance Up to 80 percent better impact resistance than conventional E-glass fibers Aging and Corrosion Resistance Better aging and corrosion resistance than E-CR and conventional E-glass fibers Temperature Resistance Better resistance at elevated temperatures than conventional E-glass fibers R-glass Market Ballistics/Armor Industrial Wind Energy High-Performance Reinforcements ShieldStrand Roving XStrand Roving WindStrand Roving Available Direct Roving 12μ tex 24μ tex 17μ tex 17μ tex 17μ tex 12μ tex S-glass 24μ tex 17μ tex 17μ tex 17μ tex 12μ tex Market Ballistics/Armor Industrial Aerospace High-Performance Reinforcements ShieldStrand S Roving XStrand S Roving FliteStrand Roving Available Roving 9μ tex 24μ tex 17μ tex 17μ tex 17μ tex 12μ tex* 12μ tex 9μ tex* 9μ tex 9μ tex* * Only available in a multi-end roving with outside pull 12μ tex 12μ tex 9μ tex* 9μ tex* OCV high-performance reinforcements are available for use with epoxy and multi-compatible resins. * Only available in a multi-end roving with outside pull High performance and value through innovation 14

15 Glossary Advantex glass: Proprietary Owens Corning glass with higher corrosion and temperature resistance than conventional E-glass that is both an E-glass and a true E-CR glass according to ASTM D578, ISO 2078 and DIN Aramid: A generic name for aromatic polyamides (Kevlar and Nomex are examples of Aramid). Bare glass: Glass fiber from the bushing before binder or sizing is applied. Carbon fiber: Fibers made from an organic precursor by oxidation and carbonization and not having a graphite structure. Composite: A combination of two or more materials (reinforcing elements, filler and resin) that retain their identities while acting in concert. E-glass: A borosilicate glass commonly used in glass fibers for reinforced plastics; suitable for electrical laminates. Fabric, non-woven: A textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking fibers by mechanical, chemical or solvent means. Fabric, woven: Material constructed of interlaced yarns, fibers or filaments. Filament: The smallest unit of fibrous material. Glass fiber: An individual filament made by attenuating molten glass. Kevlar : Dupont s trade name for an organic polymer composed of aromatic polyamides. Knitted fabrics: Fabrics produced by interlooping strands of yarn, roving, etc. Laminate: Material composed of layers of resin and reinforcement bonded together. Modulus: The ratio of stress to strain in a material that is elastically deformed; if tensile strength of 1000 psi results in an elongation of 1 percent, the modulus of elasticity is 1000/.01 or 100,000 psi. Polymer: An organic compound, natural or synthetic, whose structure can be represented by a repeated small unit, such as polyethylene, rubber, polyester and cellulose. Pre-preg: Abbreviation for pre-impregnated reinforcement fibers ready for placement in a mold. Reinforced plastics: Plastic parts consisting of resins to which reinforcing fibers, mats, fabrics, etc., have been added before the forming operation. Resin: A solid or pseudo-solid organic material that exhibits a tendency to flow under stress. Most resins are polymers. In reinforced plastics, the material used to bind together the reinforcement material. Roving: A number of strands or ends collected into a parallel bundle with little or no twist of fibers. Roving yield: A measure of the linear density of a fiberglass roving in yards/lbs., the lower the number the larger the size of the roving bundle. S-glass: A magnesia-alumina-silicate glass, especially designed to provide very high tensile strength glass filaments. S-2 Glass fiber: AGY Holdings Corp. brand of S-glass fibers. Sizing: Any treatment consisting of starch, gelatin, oil, wax or other suitable ingredient that is applied to fibers at the time of formation to protect the surface, aid the process of handling and fabrication, and provide binding action, but no coupling agent. Tensile strength: Maximum tensile stress sustained by a specimen prior to failure in a tensile test. Tex: A unit for expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams of 1,000m of yarn, filament, fiber or other textile strand. Thermoplastic: Capable of being repeatedly softened by increase of temperature and hardened by decrease in temperature; applicable to those materials whose change upon heating is substantially physical rather than chemical and that in the softened stage can be shaped by flow into articles by molding or extrusion. Thermoset: A plastics that, when cured by application of heat or chemical means, changes into a substantially infusible and insoluble material. UHMWPE: Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene a thermoplastic material composed of many molecules of ethylene and exhibiting extreme toughness and abrasion resistance. Veil: A non-woven glass fiber mat used in a variety of applications to provide strength and enhance surface finish. Yield: A term to describe weight per unit length in yards/lbs., for example a 113 yield product weighs 113 yards/lb. OCV HIGH-PERFORMANCE REINFORCEMENTS MAKING HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPOSITES AFFORDABLE PROVIDING GREATER CHOICE FOR THE CUSTOMER

16 OWENS CORNING COMPOSITE MATERIALS, LLC ONE OWENS CORNING PARKWAY TOLEDO, OHIO GET.PINK EUROPEAN OWENS CORNING FIBERGLAS, SPRL. 166, CHAUSSÉE DE LA HULPE B-1170 BRUSSELS BELGIUM OWENS CORNING SHANGHAI COMPOSITES CO. LTD. OLIVE L.V.O. MANSION, 2ND FLOOR 620 HUASHAN ROAD SHANGAI CHINA The information and data contained herein are offered solely as a guide in the selection of reinforcement. The information contained in this publication is based on actual laboratory data and field test experience. We believe this information to be reliable, but do not guarantee its applicability to the user s process or assume any responsibility or liability arising out of its use or performance. The user agrees to be responsible for thoroughly testing any application to determine its suitability before committing to production. It is important for the user to determine the properties of its own commercial compounds when using this or any other reinforcement. Because of numerous factors affecting results, we make no warranty of any kind, express or implied, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Statements in this publication shall not be construed as representations or warranties or as inducements to infringe any patent or violate any law, safety code or insurance regulation. Owens Corning reserves the right to modify this document without prior notice. OCV is a trademark of Owens Corning. WindStrand, ShieldStrand, FliteStrand, XStrand and Advantex are registered trademarks of Owens Corning. S-2 Glass is a registered trademark of AGY Holdings. Kevlar and Nomex are registered trademarks of DuPont Owens Corning Pub. No Printed in U.S.A. September 2009