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2 NAME DATE CLASS 2 Vocabulary Chapter 12 Elements and their properties Allotropes Page Diatomic molecule Page Ductile Page Malleable Page Metallic bonding Page Radioactive element Page Semiconductors Page Sublimation Page Transuranium element Page Transition elements Page

3 CHAPTER 12: Elements and Their Properties 3 Aim: Describe the properties of typical metals. Properties of metals:

4 4 The Alkali Metals: In group 1 of the Periodic Table. These are the most reactive of all metals. They are not found free in nature. Living things need compounds containing sodium and potassium Francium is radioactive and is the most reactive metal 1 2,1 1(+1) 1 H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium ,8,1 19 K Potassium ,8,8,1 37 Rb Rubidium ,8,18,8,1 55 Cs Cesium ,8,18,18,8,1 87 Fr Francium ,8,18,32,18,8,1 Doctors use lithium to treat depression Photocells use rubidium or cesium compounds

5 5 The Alkaline Earth Metals: In group 2 of the Periodic Table. These are also not found free in nature. Emeralds and aquamarine contain beryllium compounds Living things need calcium compounds Compounds of strontium are used in fireworks 2,2 2(+2) 4 Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium ,8,2 2,8,8,2 20 Ca Calcium Sr Strontium ,8,18,8,2 56 Ba Barium ,8,18,18,8,2 88 Ra Radium ,8,18,32,18,8,2 Magnesium is used in flashbulbs, fireworks, and in alloys Barium is used to diagnose digestive disorders Radium is radioactive. Used to be used for cancer treatment

6 6 Transition Metals: Are in groups 3-12 on the Periodic Table. They have 1 or 2 e- in their outer energy level Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc ,8,9,2 2,8,10,2 2,8,11,2 2,8,13,1 2,8,13,2 2,8,14,2 2,8,15,2 2,8,16,2 2,8,18,1 2,8,18, Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium ,8,18,9,2 2,8,18,10,2 2,8,18,12,1 2,8,18,13,1 2,8,18,14,1 2,8,18,15,1 2,8,18,16,1 2,8,18,18 2,8,18,18,1 2,8,18,18, Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platnum Gold Mercury ,8,18,32,10,2 2,8,18,32,11,2 2,8,18,32,12,2 2,8,18,32,13,2 2,8,18,32,14,2 2,8,18,32,15,2 2,8,18,32,17,1 2,8,18,32,18,1 2,8,18,32,18, Rf Ha Sg Ns Hs Mt Uun Uuu Rutherfordium Hahnium Seaborgium Neilsbohrium Hassium Meitnerium (unnamed) (unnamed) Compounds of transition elements are colored

7 Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel: Known as the iron triad. They are the only substances known to create a magnetic field Fe Co Ni Iron Cobalt Nickel ,8,14,2 2,8,15,2 2,8,16,2 7 2,8,18, Cu Copper Ag Silver ,8,18,18,1 79 Au Gold ,8,18,32,18,1 Copper, Silver, and Gold: These are very stable. They are found as free elements in nature. They are known as the coinage metals 2,8,18, Zn Zinc Cd Cadmium ,8,18,18,2 80 Hg Mercury ,8,18,32,18,2 Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury: Group 12 of the Periodic Table. Zinc is used for plating metals. Cadmium is used in rechargeable batteries. Mercury is used in thermometers.

8 Assignment 1. STUDY GUIDE "Metals" 2. REINFORCEMENT "Metals" 3. ENRICHMENT "Metals" 8

9 NAME DATE CLASS 9 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 12 Metals Text Pages Short crypts are lists of related words written in a simple code in which a different set of letters has been substituted for the correct letters. The title of each list will give you a hint as to the subject of the list. Use the code given for the first list to help you unscramble the crypt. Figure out the code for the second list and unscramble that crypt. One word in each list has been done for you. Code A B C D E J K L N P R S T U V X Z y r t c i a n e b d m f o l s h u All that Glitters 1. VXEKA Shiny 5. RLCJUUED NTKP 2. RJUULJNUL 6. SBLL LULDCBTKV 3. DTKPZDCTBV 7. VTUEPV 4. PZDCEUL Code A B C F G I K L M O P Q R S T V X In the Middle 8. VLXGAO Cobalt 12. QCAPKM 9. VLBBKM 13. TKMVFMR 10. CMLS 14. ICSV 11. OCS Write in the blank the term that best completes each statement. 15. Copper is useful as wire in a lamp because it conducts electricity and it is. 16. Aluminum can be made into foil and cans because it is. 17. Because francium breaks down and gives off particles and radiation with large amounts of energy, it is a(n). 18. Metals in groups 3 12 of the periodic table are called. 19. The elements iron, cobalt, and nickel are sometimes called the iron. 20. Cobalt, iron, and nickel are the only elements that are.

10 NAME DATE CLASS 10 REINFORCEMENT Chapter 12 Metals Text Pages Complete the table below by writing the name of each of the following metals under the correct heading Use the periodic table on pages of your textbook if you need help. beryllium cadmium calcium cesium strontium cobalt copper francium gold lithium magnesium mercury potassium iron nickel silver sodium zinc radium Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition elements Write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement. 1. The elements that make up the iron triad are. a. radioactive c. alkali metals b. magnetic d. alkaline earth matals 2. The alkaline earth metals make up of the periodic table. a. group l b. group 2 c. group 17 d. group The alkali metals make up of the periodic table. a. group l b. group 2 c. group 16 d. group The transition elements are in groups. a b c d Typical transition elements are metals that have electrons in their outer energy levels. a. one b. one or two c. three d. three or four 6. The most highly reactive of all metals are the. a. coinage metals c. iron triad b. alkaline earth metals d. alkali metals

11 11 Aim: Distinguish between lanthanoids, actinoids, and transuranium elements. Synthetic Elements: The Lanthanoids and Actinoids. Color TV's contain pigments that glow. These are compounds of europium and ytterbium La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium ,8,18,18,9,2 2,8,18,20,8,2 2,8,18,21,8,2 2,8,18,22,8,2 2,8,18,23,8,2 2,8,18,24,8,2 2,8,18,25,8,2 2,8,18,25,9,2 2,8,18,27,8,2 2,8,18,28,8,2 2,8,18,29,8,2 2,8,18,30,8,2 2,8,18,31,8,2 2,8,18,32,8,2 2,8,18,32,9, Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Califorinium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium ,8,18,32,18,9,2 2,8,18,32,18,10,2 2,8,18,32,20,9,2 2,8,18,32,21,9,2 2,8,18,32,22,9,2 2,8,18,32,24,8,2 2,8,18,32,25,8,2 2,8,18,32,25,9,2 2,8,18,32,26,9,2 2,8,18,32,28,8,2 2,8,18,32,29,8,2 2,8,18,32,30,8,2 2,8,18,32,31,8,2 2,8,18,32,32,8,2 2,8,18,32,32,9,2 Assignment 1. STUDY GUIDE "Synthetic Elements" 2. REINFORCEMENT "Synthetic Elements"

12 NAME DATE CLASS 12 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 12 Synthetic Elements Text Pages In the blank at the left, write the term that correctly completes each statement. Then, find and circle each term in the hidden word puzzle. The terms may go across, up, down, backward, or diagonally. 1. Elements that are made only in the laboratory are elements. 2. A synthetic element that is used in smoke detectors is. 3. Elements with atomic numbers between 57 and 70 are part of the series. 4. Elements with atomic numbers between 89 and 102 are part of the series. 5. Because it is the most poisonous substance known, plutonium can no longer be used as a source of energy. 6. An element with an atomic number greater than 92 is called a(n) element. 7. A synthetic element that is also a transition metal is. 8. Promethium is a synthetic element that is used to power the pacemakers in artificial. L S T R A E H H E S A R T A L A N T H A N O Y I M D N T R A N S U R A N I U M T N U C L C E D A T R I T H F A M L Y I A U H A C E A J O E U O E I T E M I C N L A E N I N M O T G R H O R S I F O Q I C I R E N I T T P T T O U Z C I M E D C N U C H T N Y S C A T A P L M U I T E N H C E T

13 NAME DATE CLASS 13 REINFORCEMENT Chapter 12 Synthetic Elements Text Pages Use the periodic table on pages of your textbook to answer questions What is the name of the group of elements with atomic numbers of 57 70? 2. What is the name of the group of elements with atomic numbers ? 3. In what period do the elements in the actinoid series belong? 4. In what period do the elements in the lanthanoid series belong? 5. How many elements make up the lanthanoid series 6. a. Which element in the lanthanoid series has the highest atomic number b. What is the atomic mass of this element? 7. a. Which element in the actinoid series has the greatest atomic number? b. How many protons are in the nucleus of one atom of this element? 8. List the names of the elements that make up the lanthanoid series in order from greatest atomic mass to least atomic mass. 9. How does the lanthanoid series compare to the actinoid series? 10. What is one practical use of the elements europium and ytterbium? 11. Which elements in the actinoid series are transuranium elements?

14 14 Aim: Compare and contrast properties of nonmetals. Properties of nonmetals: Hydrogen: 90% of all atoms in the universe are hydrogen. Most hydrogen on the Earth is found in the compound water. Hydrogen is highly reactive. Hydrogen can bond with itself so it is diatomic. Diatomic Molecule: 2 Atoms of the same element bonded H N O F Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine ,5 2,6 2,7 2,8,7 2,8,18,7 17 Cl Chlorine Br Bromine I Iodine ,8,18,18,7 85 At Astatine ,8,18,32,18,7 The following elements form diatomic molecules; Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine.

15 15 The Halogens: Group 17 of the Periodic Table. They all have 7 e - in their outer energy levels. Halogen means "salt former." Chlorine compounds are used disinfect water in large pools Some bright lights contain small amounts of bromine or iodine 17(-1) 9 F Fluorine ,7 2,8,7 2,8,18,7 17 Cl Chlorine Br Bromine I Iodine ,8,18,18,7 85 At Astatine ,8,18,32,18,7 Compounds with fluorine are used in toothpaste Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature Astatine is rare and radioactive

16 16 Noble Gases: Group 18 of the Periodic Table. Called "noble" because nobility did not mix with common folk. Scientists can create compounds with noble gases. 2 2,8 2,8,8 2,8,18,8 18(0) 2 He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon Kr Krypton Xe Xenon ,8,18,18,8 86 Rn Radon ,8,18,32,18,8 Assignment 1. STUDY GUIDE "Nonmetals" 2. REINFORCEMENT "Nonmetals"

17 NAME DATE CLASS 17 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 12 Nonmetals Text Pages Use the clues given below and the letters you have been given to identify each of the missing terms in the puzzle. Write one letter in each space. Clues 1. only nonmetal on left side of the periodic table 2. only liquid nonmetal 3. kind of bond that forms a salt 4. Two atoms of the same element, when bonded, form a(n) molecule. 5. most chemically active element 6. type of bond formed when nonmetals combine with other nonmetals 7. process by which a solid, such as iodine, changes directly to a gas 8. Its name means salt-former. 9. common name for the elements that make up group 18 of the periodic table 1. N 2. O 3. N 4. M 5. E 6. T 7. A 8. L 9. S

18 NAME DATE CLASS 18 REINFORCEMENT Chapter 12 Nonmetals Text Pages Complete the following table that compares the properties of metals and nonmetals by supplying the information requested. Characteristic Metal Nonmetal Appearance of solid Is it malleable? Is it ductile? Does it conduct heat? Does it conduct electricity? Most common state at room temperature Type(s) of bonding? In the spaces provided, list two properties for each nonmetal listed. 1. Hydrogen 2. Fluorine 3. Chlorine 4. Bromine 5. Iodine 6. Helium 7. Neon Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 8. How does helium differ from the other noble gases? 9. How does bromine differ from the other nonmetals? 10. How does the location of hydrogen on the periodic table differ from the locations of the other nonmetals?

19 19 Aim: Distinguish between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids in groups 13 through 16 on the periodic table. Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals. The boron group: Group 13 of the Periodic Table. Boron is found in borax. Gallium, Indium, and Thallium are used in semiconductors. 2,3 13(+3) 5 B Boron Al Aluminum ,8,3 31 Ga Gallium ,8,18,3 49 In Indium ,8,18,18,3 81 Tl Thallium ,8,18,32,18,3 Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust. Semiconductors are substances that conduct electricity under certain conditions. The Carbon group: Group 14 on the Periodic Table. These elements tend to form covalent bonds. As you get lower in the group, metallic properties increase. Diamond and Graphite are allotropes. That means they are different molecular structures of the same element. They both are made of carbon. 2,4 2,8, C Carbon Si Silicon Ge Germanium ,8,18,4 50 Sn Tin ,8,18,18,4 82 Pb Lead ,8,18,32,18,4

20 The Nitrogen Group: Group 15 on the Periodic Table. These elements tend to form covalent bonds with other elements. 2,5 15(-3) 7 N Nitrogen P Phosphorous ,8,5 33 As Arsenic ,8,18,5 51 Sb Antimony ,8,18,18,5 83 Bi Bismuth ,8,18,32,18,5 20 The Oxygen Group: Group 16 on the Periodic Table. 2,6 2,8,6 16(-2) 8 O Oxygen S Sulfur Se Selenium ,8,18,6 52 Te Tellurium ,8,18,18,6 84 Po Polonium ,8,18,32,18,6 Assignment 1. STUDY GUIDE "Mixed Groups" 2. REINFORCEMENT "Mixed Groups"

21 NAME DATE CLASS 21 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 12 Mixed Groups Text Pages In each of the following statements, one key term has been scrambled. Unscramble each term and write it on the line provided. 1. Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals are called talleomids. 2. Metals from group 13 are used to produce ssreomticcuond, substances that conduct electricity under certain conditions. 3. Diamond and graphite are spelltaroo of carbon. 4. About 20% of the air is made up of the element geonyx. 5. All of the elements in the Boron group except boron are mealts. 6. Oxygen exists in the air as comidiat molecules. 7. The form of oxygen that protects living things from damage caused by the sun is called ezoon. 8. Allotropes are different forms of an element with different ecollarum structures. Use the terms from the list below to fill in the following table. You will use some terms more than once. Some terms may not be used. metal 14 nonmetal toxic in large amounts 13 metalloid 15 semiconductor allotrope building material fertilizer 16 Element Group Number Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid Other Properties Gallium Sulfur Phosphorus Selenium Carbon Aluminum

NAME DATE CLASS 22 REINFORCEMENT Chapter 12 Mixed Groups Text Pages 316 322 The elements that make up groups 13 16 of the periodic table are listed below.

22 NAME DATE CLASS 22 REINFORCEMENT Chapter 12 Mixed Groups Text Pages The elements that make up groups of the periodic table are listed below. Classify each element as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid by writing its name under the correct heading in the table. Use the periodic table of the elements on pages of your textbook if you need help. Boron Group Nitrogen Group Carbon Group Oxygen Group boron nitrogen carbon oxygen aluminum phosphorus silicon sulfur gallium arsenic germanium selenium indium antimony tin tellurium thallium bismuth lead polonium Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Allotropes are different forms of the same element having different molecular structures. Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. Look at the diagrams. Label each drawing as the structure for graphite or the structure for diamond.

This resource contains three different versions of the periodic table, including a blank one for colouring!

Teaching notes This resource contains three different versions of the periodic table, including a blank one for colouring! It also contains tables of the Group 0, 1 and 7 elements with a few columns for