Waste Policy Recent and expected developments EUROSTAT WG Waste 29 March 2012 Michel Sponar, with inputs of Patrice Gruszkowsky, Karolina Fras, Thorsten Brunzema, Jorge Diaz del Castillo, Andrea Vettori and Gunther Wolff DG Environment, Unit C2 and C1
Outline 1. Context the EU waste management approach 2. The Roadmap on Resource Efficiency 3. Implementation of the Waste Framework Directive 1. Reporting on targets 2. End-of-waste criteria 3. Waste management Plans 4. Modeling 5. Economic instruments 4. The new WEEE Directive 5. Focus on Food Waste 6. The 7th Environmental Action Program
Thematic Strategy on waste prevention and recycling Framework Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) Waste Shipment Regulation (EEC/259/93) Waste Treatment Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) Landfill Directive (1999/71/EC) recycling standards (future, based on WFD) Sewage Sludge (75/439/EEC) Batteries & Accumulators (2006/66/EC) Packaging & Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) Mining Waste (2003/319/E C) End-of-Life Vehicles (2000/53/EC) Electrical & Electronic Equipment (2000/96/EC) PCBs, PCTs (96/59/EC) Restrictions on the Use of Hazardous Substances in WEEE (2002/95/EC)
EU Targets European min Binding recovery min targets recycling collection rate Packaging 2008 60% 55% Cars 2015 95% 85% 100% Electronics 2006 2016 70% 50% min 4 kg per inhabitant per year 85% of WEEE arising (COM proposal) Batteries 2011 50% to 75% (efficiency) 2012 25% 2016 45% Tyres 2006 0 landfill of tyres Biowaste diverted from landfills 2006 reduction to 75% of the 1995 level 2009 reduction to 50% of the 1995 level 2016 reduction to 35% of the 1995 level New targets 2015 Separate collection: at least paper/metal/plastic/glass (WFD) 2020 50% recycling household waste 2020 70% construction and demolition waste re-use/recovery and recycling
PRODUCT (NON-WASTE) WASTE Prevention Preparing for re-use Recycling Recovery Safe disposal
Source: EEA 2010 derived from SERI GLOBAL 2000, Friends of the Earth Europe (2009)
9/1- Report on the Waste Thematic Strategy 26/1- A resource-efficient Europe Flagship initiative Under 2020 Strategy September 2011 Roadmap on Resource Efficiency 2/2 Raw Material Initiative EU s trade strategy Sustainable extraction Resource efficiency and recycling March 2012 Innovation Partnership
Roadmap on Resource Efficiency 2020 aspirational objectives Full implementation of the EU waste acquis Waste generation per capita in decline Recycling and reuse are economically attractive Energy recovery limited to non-recyclable materials Landfilling virtually eliminated
Waste as Resource In practice Review targets on prevention, reuse and recycling and landfill diversion (2014) Other supportive measures EU public funding aligned with waste hierarchy Improve coherence of the EU legislation Product policy (reusability, recyclability, recycled content, durability) Measures to extent the producer responsibility
Municipal waste generation 900 800 700 2004 2010 Kg per capita 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 CZ PL SK LV EERO LT ELHU SI BGBE SEPT EUFI FR IT UKES DEAT NL MTLU IE CYDK 27 Source: Eurostat 2012
100% Municipal waste Treatment (2010) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% DE NL AT SE BE DK LU FR FI UK IT SI ES PT IE CZ HU PL EE SK GR MT CY LV LT Source: Eurostat 2012 RO BG Landfill Incineration Energy Recovery Recycling Composting Source: Eurostat 2012
Target calculation Notification formats Waste Management/Prevention Plans/Programs Climate correction factor for R1 formula Waste prevention indicators Comitology Implementation questionnaire Minimum standards for waste treatment Voted TAC consultation (9/7) TAC consultation (9/7) TAC consultation (9/7) Study finalised to be discussed in TAC First report to be discussed in TAC 9/7
Reporting on WFD Targets Commission Decision on calculation of the targets adopted in 2011 (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/targets.htm); Art 5(4): Member States shall transmit the data required by this Decision to the Commission in electronic form, by means of the interchange standard set up by Eurostat; 2020 Targets but MS have to report in September 2013-1 st implementation report (years 2011-2012); Questionnaire on the report to be adopted shortly; We need to get ready to collect the first data in 2013, and then monitor progress regularly.
End of Waste Criteria Criteria defined in Comitology, on the basis of IPTS reports So far: iron, steel and aluminium scrap In Development: copper scrap metal, recovered paper, glass cullet (reports finalised vote foreseen in TAC 9/7). Opportunity of new criteria on plastics, biodegradable waste/compost, aggregates and derived fuels to be assessed Possible influence on waste statistics: Collection Sorting Recycling Waste??? Products
Waste Management Plans Assessment of waste legislation implementation, including: Analysis of Waste Management Plans Screening of waste management performance of EU-27 Identify the 10 worst performers, propose specific recommendations, bilateral workshops Timing: Interim report in July 2012 Bilateral workshops Final report by end of May 2013 Eurostat participated in the kick-off phone conference. Assistance of Eurostat with this project will be important.
Pilot Project on Modelling Project launched in 2012 with EEA Objectives: Projections of waste generation/treatment 2030 3/5 years intervals, Focus on Municipal Waste Estimation of distance to target Assessment of the National waste strategies, tool for MS Development of Baseline and alternative scenario use for the impact assessment Environmental impacts, cost/benefits Method/timing: Stakeholder consultation, first projections by end 2012
Issue of Hazardous Waste Uncertainties on the quantities produced and treated In 2008 98Mtons generated, 78 Mtons treated, 20 Mtons??? Some MS reported zero waste generated for some sectors (like household) Data seems difficult to compare similar sector/activities but large differences in waste generation Actions needed to improve data with the final aim of ensuring proper identification and treatment DG ENV envisage specific action in 2013, implication of DG ESTAT needed
Landfill cost vs Landfill rates
PAYT schemes Household waste generation (tonnes) in Aschaffenburg from 1991 to 2007
Producer Responsibility 800 700 /ton 600 500 400 300 200 Country 1 - High Country 2 - High Country 3 - High Country 4 - Middle Country 5 - Low Country 6 - Low 100 0 Aluminium Glass Paper - cardboard Drink carton Participation cost per material in 6 Member States vs recycling performances Source: IEEP ongoing study 2011
Preliminary Conclusions 1. Precaution needed for interpretation 2. Hard to isolate one instrument, combination essential 3. Difficult to implement existing legislation without Economic instruments, Impossible for Roadmap 4. Use results: Annual Growth Survey (April 2012) Ex-ante conditionality EU Funds (period 2014-2021) Impact assessment on review EU targets (2013/2014) Review Waste Framework Directive
WEEE Directive New collection rates: 85% of WEEE generated separately collected and properly treated by 2019/2021 Recovery and recycling targets between 50 and 80% depending of product category (same as before) Burden of proof for functionality on exporters for shipment of used EEE WEEE Registration and reporting requirements harmonised to reduce burdens, however based on a national approach EU Guidance for producer responsibility
Food waste generation 5% 14% 42% Households Manufacturing Food service Retail 39% Source: Preparatory Study on Food Waste in the EU, BIOS 2010, 89 million tonnes 180 kg per capita 25% of household purchases 60% of Households avoidable, most part of Manufacturing ~ 3% of total EU27 GHG emissions
Actions Communication on sustainable food (2013) 50 % reduction of avoidable food waste by 2020 Inter Service Group on food waste Recent European Parliament report Urges Commission to take action on avoiding food waste New DG RTD project (called Fusion ) including standardised definition and methodologies for: Calculating food waste quantities EU food waste reporting Monitoring requirements for Member States
The 7th Environmental Action Program Focus on Implementation Integration/mainstreaming + Policy coherence Longer-term vision Green, resource-efficient, competitive economy Health & environment, human wellbeing Consumer behaviour and urban environment International environmental leadership/governance Knowledge base Public/private financing Proposal to be ready by November 2012, then co-decision procedure
Conclusions Reliable statistics essential Focus on implementation Example of WEEE and Packaging Future needs related to food waste, hazardous waste, energy recovery, use of instruments
Thank you for your attention! Michel.Sponar@ec.europa.eu More information: Resource Efficiency: http://ec.europa.eu/resource-efficient-europe/index_en.htm Waste Management: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm Study on Economic Instruments: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/use.htm Food waste: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/reports.htm