Building a Home for a Zero Carbon Lifestyle Eco Farm Day 23 February 2013 Chris Weissflog BSc, MSc, MBA CPHC, CanSIA, RASDT, RHDT EcoGen Energy Inc, Kemptville
MATH AHEAD
Global Carbon Emissions www.co@now.org US EPA
Carbon Emissions & Temperature Climatechoices.org.uk
Household Lifestyle Emissions (CO 2 e) House: 5.8 t Food: 3.2 t Automotive: 5.4 t Other: 12.6 t Total: 27 tonnes simpleecology.com
Household Lifestyle Emissions (CO 2 e) House: 5.8 t House: 5.8 tonnes Food: 3.2 t Food: 3.2 tonnes Automotive: 5.4 t Automotive: 5.4 tonnes Other: 12.6 t Total: 14.4 tonnes Total: 27 tonnes Household Carbon Emissions All Other (12.6 tonnes) Automotive (5.4 tonnes) Food (3.2 tonnes) House (5.8 tonne) simpleecology.com
Energy (MWh) Annual Household Energy Use & Footprint 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Water Heating: Average: 5.5 MWh/yr Space Heating: Average: 18.7 MWh/yr Appliances, Light, A/C: Average: 6.8 MWh/yr Average: 1 tonne Average: 3.4 tonnes Average: 1.4 tonnes
Zero Carbon Lifestyle: Elements Ultra-efficient building envelope Carbon-free energy for heating and power Home-scale agriculture and food storage Electric vehicle and on-site generation
Approach to Energy 1 st : Conservation (behavioural) 2 nd : Efficiency (envelope, mechanicals, appliances) Last: Generation (renewable)
Building Envelope: Performance Standards (Heating) 2006 Code: 3.4 t CO 2 e 2012 Code: 2.7 t CO 2 e Energy Star: ~25% less than code/2.04 t R2000: ~50% less than code / 1.36 t LEED for Homes: similar to R2000 Passive House: ~80% less / 0.68 tonne
Passive House: Concept and Standards Superinsulation Super airtight Very high performance windows Heat / Energy Recovery Ventilation (HRV / ERV) Solar gain / rejection, thermal mass http://www.globalnews.ca/video/passive+housing/video.html?v=2337457041&p=1&s=dd# video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssq8lvoy5xy&feature=player_detailpage
Passive House: Concept and Standards
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Ground loop preheat / cool @ ERV / HRV Ground loop cooling via radiant surface Lighting options LED, fluorescent Kill switches and phantom loads Efficient appliances (dryers) Low-Flow & DWHR DHW recirculation Rainwater collection & distribution Greywater collection and distribution
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Ground loop preheat / cool @ ERV / HRV Provide ~700 kwh heat / save 169 kg CO 2 e
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Ground loop cooling via radiant surface
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Lighting options LED, fluorescent
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Kill switches and phantom loads
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Efficient appliances (dryers?) Sundanzer 254 kwh/yr Efficient Well Pumps Front Load Induction: ~13% lower
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Lighting options LED, fluorescent: ~400 kwh / 82 kg CO 2 e Kill switches and phantom loads: ~8% saved = 544 kwh / 112 kg CO 2 e saved Efficient appliances: ~20% saved = 1.36 MWh / 280 kg CO 2 e saved No conditioning / forced air: ~4% saved = 272 kwh / 56 kg CO 2 e saved Total reduction: 2.58 MWh / 530 kg CO 2 e Residual Demand: 4.22 MWh / 870 kg CO 2 e
Low-Flow & Drain Water Heat Recovery + Focus on showers 40% DHW used 400 kg CO 2 e Low-Flow: ~7 l/min ~30% DHW / water savings vs hi-flow ~30% GHG saved = ~120kg CO 2 e DWHR: ~60% DHW saved from showers ~ 168kg CO 2 e saved
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency DHW recirculation
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Rainwater collection & distribution
Increasing Resource & Energy Efficiency Grey water collection and distribution
Residual House Loads Heating: PH + Ground Loop: 3.04 MWh / 0.51 t CO 2 e DHW: Low-Flow + DWHR: 3.916 MWh / 0.71 t CO 2 e Electric power: Efficiency, no A/C: 4.2 MWh / 0.87 t CO 2 e Residual Demand: 11.16 MWh / 2.09 t CO 2 e National Average: 31 MWh / 5.8 t CO 2 e
Decarbonizing the Remaining House Load
Decarbonizing the Remaining Electrical Load Electric power, 4.2 MWh from PV: 3.5 kw grid-tied array (14 modules), $18K, zero CO 2 e Why not: 10 kw microfit, $33K extra but earn $6K+ for 20 yr? or: 10 kw net metered, battery back-up, inverter, $50K or: 10 kw microfit, 2 kw net meter + battery, $47K
Decarbonizing the Remaining Thermal Load Thermal energy, 6.92 MWh from Solar Thermal: Evacuated Tube Collectors + Seasonal Storage Zero CO 2 e ~$50K, but why? Energy stored on-site Unaffected by power outages Energy collected automatically, beholden to nobody! Prices never increase Excess thermal energy available from spring through autumn
Homescale Agriculture Measures: Greenhouse with solar assisted heating for cold spring / fall Integral root cellar storage Dietary choices Footprint reduction: 50%+ Resulting food footprint: ~1.8 tonne CO 2 e
Electric Vehicle Petrol car: 5.4 tonne CO 2 e = 21,250 km EV (21,250 km @ 4.7 km/l): 4,521 kwh Offset with 3.77 kw PV (15 modules), grid-tied = 15 x
Bringing it all Together PH + efficiency: 74% reduced energy demand & CO 2 e Active generation: 10 kw PV covers house & car with spare microfit helps pay off house 2 kw net metering & back-up (resilience) Solar heating & seasonal storage provides: DHW Space heating Extended growing seasons Resilience
Cheesy Sketch
Building a Home for a Zero Carbon Lifestyle Eco Farm Day 23 February 2013 Chris Weissflog BSc, MSc, MBA CPHC, CanSIA, RASDT, RHDT EcoGen Energy Inc, Kemptville