Crop Statistics in Germany Follow up regional workshop on crop statistics Zagreb, 17 18 April 2008 Ute Walsemann Head of Subdivision Land use and Crop statistics Federal Statistical Office of Germany Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Division Agriculture and Forestry, Fisheries
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and harvested production Horticulture - land use, yields and harvested production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use Ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 2
Structure of agricultural holdings in Germany Utilised agricultural area 1949 1971 1991 2007 *) Total 2 500 000 1 200 000 650 000 370 000 under 10 ha 2 000 000 720 000 320 000 134 000 10-50 ha 520 000 420 000 276 000 151 000 50-100 ha 16 000 18 000 44 000 53 000 100 ha and more 4 000 12 000 12 000 32 000 *) preliminary data. 17.04.2008 Slide 3
Average size of agricultural holdings in Germany Year 1949 1971 1991 2007 *) Agricultural holdings 2 500 000 1 200 000 650 000 370 000 Average size 8 ha 12 ha 26 ha 46 ha *) preliminary data. 17.04.2008 Slide 4
Arable land by main groups of crops in Germany Cereals Root crops Oil seeds Fodder plants Other plants 1) Fallow land 2005 2000 1995 1) Other industrial plants, dried pulses, vegetables, strawberries and other horticultural plants. in 1000 ha 17.04.2008 Slide 5
Cultivation of cereals in Germany Wheat Rye Barley Oats Triticale Other cereals 1) 2005 2000 1995 in 1000 ha 1) Grain maize and corn cob mix, maslin and other mixed grain. 17.04.2008 Slide 6
Harvested production of cereals in Germany 60 Wheat Rye Barley Triticale Oats Others 1) 50 40 30 20 10 Million Tons 0 1995 2000 2005 1) Grain maize and corn cob mix, maslin and other mixed grain. 17.04.2008 Slide 7
Cultivated area of main vegetables in Germany 20 000 16 000 Asparagus 1) Asparagus 1) 1) Only area in yield 12 000 8 000 Carrots White cabbage Onions and shallots 4 000 Hectares Iceberg lettuce 1995 2000 Head lettuce 2005 17.04.2008 Slide 8
Harvested production of main vegetables 600 White cabbage Carrots 400 Onions and shallots 200 Head lettuce Iceberg lettuce in 1000 Tons Asparagus 1995 2000 2005 17.04.2008 Slide 9
Main regions of apple tree plantations Germany 83 Mill. Inhabitants 31 000 ha apple trees Netherlands 16 Mill. Inhabitants 11 200 ha apple trees Area of apple trees 2002 per region 7000 ha NLS, Keckl 17.04.2008 Slide 10
Harvested production and yield of apples in Germany Production in 1000 tons Yield in tons per hectare 1 200 30 800 20 400 10 Year 1995 2000 2005 17.04.2008 Slide 11
Harvested production of bears, cherries and plums 250 200 150 100 All kind of plums Sour cherries 50 Sweet cherries in 1000 Tons 1995 2000 2005 Pears 17.04.2008 Slide 12
Cultivated area and yield of strawberries Cultivated area in 1000 hectares Harvested production in 1000 tons 14 140 10 100 6 60 2 20 1995 2000 2005 17.04.2008 Slide 13
Harvested production of fresh vegetables 2003 Italy Spain France Poland 1) Greece Netherlands Brassicas Leafy or stalked veg. Fruit vegetables Root, Tuber and bulb vegetables Pulses Other vegetables 1) Leafy and stalked vegetables as well as pulses are estimated Germany 0 4 8 12 in Million Tons 17.04.2008 Slide 14
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and harvested production Horticulture - land use, yields and harvested production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 15
Organisation of federal statistics in Germany Concentration of special knowledge Federal Statistical Office Wiesbaden, Bonn, Berlin Regional decentralisation 14 statistical Offices of the Länder (NUTS 1) Legalization Legal acts of the European Union and from Germany 17.04.2008 Slide 16
Organisation of federal statistics in Germany Federal statistical office Methodology Coordination (survey contents, design, data control ) Data analysis on German level Publication of German results Eurostat Länder - Offices Farm register Organisation of surveys Data processing and control Data evaluation and analysis Publication on Länder and regional level 17.04.2008 Slide 17
Process organisation of agricultural statistics German agricultural statistics are mostly decentralised Methodological preparation Contents of the survey - EU and national legal basis Sample size and selection or census Specification of data control and coordinated tables Survey organisation Establishment of the survey procedures Data collection and data entry (in the Länder ) Data processing, estimation and analysis 17.04.2008 Slide 18
Legal basis for agricultural statistics EU legal acts and gentlemen s agreements Regulation on surveys on structure of agric. holdings New regulation concerning crop statistics Directive on orchard surveys (every 5 years) Regulations on basic and intermediate vineyard surveys Different gentlemen s agreements Main crop production Vegetable production Fruit production Production of flowers and ornamental plants 17.04.2008 Slide 19
Legal basis for agricultural statistics National legal basis in Germany Agricultural Statistics Act (Agrarstatistikgesetz) Federal Statistics Act (Bundesstatistikgesetz) Regulation on the suspension and inclusion of characteristics pursuant to the Agricultural Statistics Act Wine (statistics) Act (Weingesetz) - access to administrative data of the viticulture register 17.04.2008 Slide 20
Legal basis for agricultural statistics Agricultural Statistics Act (Agrarstatistikgesetz) Legal provision for all agricultural statistics Content, units, size and scope of the surveys Frequency and reference periods Responsibility for conducting the surveys Administrative and financial regulations Register, right of access to administrative data Selection, obligations and protection of the persons providing information of the staff or persons conducting the surveys 17.04.2008 Slide 21
Units in agricultural statistics in Germany Agricultural holding (farm or production unit) 2 hectare and more agricultural cultivated area or less than 2 ha cultivated agricultural area, but reaching or exceeding the following limits 3000 m² area for fruit and berry plantations 3000 m² area for vine yards 3000 m² area for hops or for tobacco 3000 m² area for nurseries or for flowers or ornamental plants 3000 m² area for vegetables 3000 m² area for seeds and seedlings production 3000 m² area for aromatic plants, medicinal and culinary plants 300 m² area under glass or other accessible protective cover 17.04.2008 Slide 22
Units in agricultural statistics in Germany Agricultural holding (farm or production unit) Surveys on animal holding or farm structure include also units with the following limits 8 cattle 8 pigs 20 sheep 200 head of different kind of poultry (each) Included are holdings without any agricultural cultivated area 17.04.2008 Slide 23
Main farm structure surveys Every 10 years (last one) Census of agricultural holdings (1999, next 2010) Census of horticultural holdings (2005) Horticultural used area (main area and production area) Area under glass or other accessible protective cover (years of construction, extent and way of heating, energy use) Income and marketing channels Structure of employees 17.04.2008 Slide 24
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and harvested production Horticulture - land use, yields and harvested production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 25
Main crops - land use Land use surveys - no LUCAS Total surveys up to now (2007) every 4 years in May - main area of cereals and other crops - combined with livestock surveys (all main species) about 370 000 units Sample surveys every year between also in May - main area of cereals and other crops - combined with livestock surveys (cattle, pigs and sheep) up to 100 000 units (free extrapolation) administrative data are used for both if possible Smaller sample surveys every year in November and April 17.04.2008 Slide 26
Main crops - yields Expert valuation of yields combined with sample control measurement at harvest time Expert valuation: voluntary sample survey for all crops - special experts or farmers themselves - 5 times a year for special crops June, July, August, September and October Sample control measurement at harvest time - main cereals, potatoes and winter rape - two-step selection (farm and field respective production area in each region) either total thrashing of the field or several samples on the field 17.04.2008 Slide 27
Main crops - yields and harvested production Land use results multiplied with final results of yields harvested production for each crop 17.04.2008 Slide 28
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and production Horticulture - land use, yields and production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 29
Horticultural surveys in Germany Census of horticultural holdings (latest 2005) 35 000 units / every 10 years / general Orchard survey (latest 2007) 12 000 units / every 5 years / general Survey of vegetable production area (incl. strawberries) 12 000 units / annual - sample survey / 4-yearly general Survey of ornamental plants (latest 2004 and now 2008) 10 000 units / every 4 years / general Survey of nurseries (latest 2004 and now 2008) 4 000 units / every 4 years / general 17.04.2008 Slide 30
Census of horticultural holdings 2005 Special contents of the survey Horticultural used area Fruit trees / bush berries / strawberries / Vegetables / ornamental plants / Nurseries / seed and seedlings // Cover of greenhouses Greenhouses Income and marketing channels Kind of cover / Year of construction and main area / Production area / way and extend of heating / irrigation Percentage of own production / trading / Service delivery / kind of marketing channels and part of sales proceed Not primary surveyed was the whole area of horticultural service delivery 17.04.2008 Slide 31
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and production Horticulture - land use, yields and production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 32
Survey of vegetable production area since 2006 Contents of the survey Annual sample survey Characteristics Production area of: 9 brassicas 12 leafy vegetables rhubarb / asparagus / celery 7 root and tuber vegetables 5 fruit vegetables 5 pulses 5 further vegetables 8 vegetables under glass strawberries open air and under glass Every 4 years total last one 2004 now 2008 Additionally: Characteristics Production area for contracts Growing of seedlings Main area for vegetables Special questions for early- und later production of several brassicas and lettuces, spinach, carrots, gherkins and peas have been cancelled since 2006 17.04.2008 Slide 33
Vegetables - yields and harvested production Expert valuation of yields Voluntary sample surveys for all vegetables (since 2006) 1 500 units / sample survey / 3 times a year: June, Aug., Nov. - special experts or farmers themselves June: strawberries, asparagus and rhubarb August: all vegetables - preliminary results end of September November: all vegetables - final results end of December 17.04.2008 Slide 34
NLS, Keckl 17.04.2008 Slide 35
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and production Horticulture - land use, yields and production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 36
Orchard Survey 2007 Survey contents Fruit tree species Characteristics Pomaceous fruit: apples and pears Stone fruit: sweet cherries sour cherries plums mirabelles / greengages Varieties for minimum 80% of production area of each species of orchard plantation / age of trees / production area / number of trees (density of plantation) / kind of usage (dessert fruits or other purposes) Varieties of dessert fruit or other purposes / Production area / age of trees / Number of trees (density of plantation) Apricots, peaches and walnuts are no more part of survey (latest 2002) 17.04.2008 Slide 37
Fruits - yields and harvested production Expert valuation of yields Voluntary sample surveys for all fruits (since 2006) 1 800 units / sample survey / 4 times a year: June, July, Aug., Nov. - special experts or farmers themselves - June: sweet cherries (preliminary results) July: apples, cherries, plums (preliminary results) August: apples, pears (preliminary), cherries, currents (final) - results end of September November: apples, pears, all kinds of plums, raspberries, blueberries - final results in January 17.04.2008 Slide 38
Plantation of pears NLS, Keckl 17.04.2008 Slide 39
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and production Horticulture - land use, yields and production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 40
Surveys of areas under vine (EU-VO 357/79) Data of vineyard register Basic surveys every 10 years in all viticultural holdings (last survey in 1999, next survey in 2009) Entire area under vine Varieties of vine Age of the vines Yield classes Bracing devices Interim surveys every year Area under vine Land clearings, replantation and discontinuation of cultivation Varieties of vine 17.04.2008 Slide 41
Must of wine - yields and harvested production Expert valuation of yields Voluntary sample surveys for wine must 1 000 units / sample survey / 3 times a year: Aug., Sept., October - special experts or farmers themselves - August: white must / red must (preliminary, results in Sept.) Sept.: important varieties of vines (preliminary, results in Nov.) October: weight and quality of must (preliminary, results in Dez.) Estimation of the expected harvest of wine must Acreage recorded by the viniculture survey 17.04.2008 Slide 42
Must of wine - yields and harvested production Final results of yields and harvested production Results from the vineyard register Reports of winegrowers in mid-december final harvest of wine must results in mid-march Quality of must White and red must Important varieties of vine Regional varieties of vine Weight of must 17.04.2008 Slide 43
Crop Statistics in Germany Agriculture and horticulture in Germany A short overview German agriculture and horticulture statistics Organisation of agricultural statistics Main crops - land use, yields and production Horticulture - land use, yields and production Vegetables, Fruit trees and bushes Viticulture Horticulture - land use ornamental plants and tree nurseries 17.04.2008 Slide 44
Survey of ornamental plants 2004/2008 Survey contents Main area Production area Propagation area outdoor under glass Plant varieties und species: Bed- und balcony plants Potted plants Cut flowers Nursery survey 2004/2008 Survey contents Production area for kind of utilisation Stock of forestry trees Fruit trees, roses, ornamental- and forestry plants, christmas trees Deciduous trees Coniferous trees 17.04.2008 Slide 45
Flowers and in the background asparagus NLS, Keckl 17.04.2008 Slide 46
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Thank you for your attention! For subject-related information and queries please contact: Agriculture and forestry, fisheries Phone: +49 (0) 1888 644-8660 (Ute Walsemann -8606) Fax: +49 (0) 1888 644-8983 E-mail: ernte@destatis.de or agrar@destatis.de 17.04.2008 Slide 51