10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 1/49 Smart Energy Utilization System Tyler Johnson Zachary Rubenfeld Claude Mickel Brooks James Dirkes Rahul Sinha Philip Maloney Garret Clark
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 2/49 Problem Description The Melbourne International Airport is implementing sustainable energy practices with the goal of becoming a more efficient facility. Our project is to design a system that optimizes energy consumption in the existing facilities and offer recommendations on economic infrastructure options to assist sustainability practices at the airport. The project is focused on the main terminal building. The final deadline for completion of this project is April 14th, 2016. Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 3/49 Requirements Increase the overall efficiency of the airport terminal by 25% Determine a suitable building management system to move the airport towards LEED certification Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 4/49 Deliverables Energy analysis on the airport Return on investment figures Total savings Mock up demonstration of proposed improvements, including code Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 5/49 CURRENT STATE OF THE AIRPORT
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 6/49 Current State of the Airport Size - 194,000 ft² Yearly energy consumption 5.2 GWh 2015 energy bills - $420,000 Does not use any renewable energy or natural gas Lights are on constantly HVAC has very few controllers Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 7/49 Average Irradiance Across the US Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 8/49 Energy Breakdown Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 9/49 Monthly Energy Bills - 2015 Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 10/49 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 11/49 Current Chiller Information: Manufacturer = Mc Quay Capacity = 210 Ton Running Fully Loaded 2200 hours of the year COP = 2.7 Yearly Energy Consumed = 648,000 kwh Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 12/49 Mc Quay Chiller Zone Chilled water reaches all CCDT in: Ticketing Lobby Domestic Gates Responsible for 42% of Cooling Load with respect to all three Chillers Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 13/49 Chiller Replacement Options TRANE 210 Stealth Mc Quay AGS 210C COP = 5.2 COP = 4.1 COP = 2.7 Refurbish Current Unit Cost = $303,000 Without installation costs Requires a new VFD pump Cost = $170,000 Requires a new 15 hp pump Cost unknown Upgrade compressor Upgrade coils Upgrade heat exchanger * Budget Constraint for new Chiller at MLB = $220,000 Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 14/49 Replacement Chiller Information: Manufacturer = Mc Quay Capacity = 210 Ton Running Fully Loaded 2200 hour of the year COP = 4.1 Yearly Energy Consumed = 444,000 kwh Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 15/49 Replacement Chiller Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $14,000 Installation Cost $170,000 Payback Period Improvement Lifetime 12 years 15-20 years estimated Return on Investment $40,000-$110,000 Total Energy Reduction per Year Total Energy Reduction Percentage 4.0% 205,000 kwh Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 16/49 Mechanical Inefficiency: CCDT Presenter James Dirkes The Climate Changing Draw Through (CCDT) is a belt driven blower. When a v-belt is upgraded to a cogged belt, there is a 3% increase in efficiency CCDT s are 9% of the total energy consumption
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 17/49 Cogged Belt Upgrade Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $1,000 Installation Cost $300 Payback Period 4 Months Improvement Lifetime 3 Years estimated Return on Investment $3,000 Total Energy Reduction per Year 14,000 kwh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 0.3% Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 18/49 LIGHTING
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 19/49 Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 20/49 Bulb Variety Throughout Airport Total number of bulbs: 3,990 Majority of bulbs are CFLs or T8s Already high efficiency Bulb Type Wattage Quantity Halo 5 12 MH 75 44 MV 75 60 T5 21 80 T5 54 240 T8 32 2754 T12 40 80 CFL 5 16 CFL 7 492 CFL 15 85 CFL 16 64 CFL 32 51 CFL 42 56 CFL 150 28 Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 21/49 LED Replacement Highly inefficient bulbs should be replaced 60 total Mercury Vapor bulbs at 75 W each Switch to 11 W (75 W equivalent) LED bulbs Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 22/49 LED Replacement Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $1,900 Installation Cost $540 Payback Period 4 Months Improvement Lifetime 4 Years Return on Investment $7,000 Total Energy Reduction per Year 34,000 kwh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 0.6% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 23/49 Occupancy Sensors 1 st Floor International 2 Ultrasonic Sensors 2 nd Baggage Claim 1 Passive Infrared Sensor Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 24/49 Occupancy Sensors 2 nd Floor International 2 Ultrasonic Sensors 2 nd Floor Offices (Conf. Rooms) 1 Ultrasonic Sensor, 1 Wall Switch Sensor Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 25/49 Occupancy Sensors Domestic Gates 3 Ultrasonic Sensors Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 26/49 Occupancy Sensor Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $7,300 Installation Cost $2,800 Payback Period Improvement Lifetime 5 Months 5 Years Return on Investment $33,800 Total Energy Reduction per Year 198,000 kwh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 3.5% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 27/49 Nighttime Lighting Ticketing = Line of sight of camera Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 28/49 Nighttime Lighting Domestic Gates = Line of sight of camera Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 29/49 Nighttime Lighting Lobby = Line of sight of camera (arrows are color coordinated with picture borders) Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 30/49 Nighttime Lighting Baggage Claim = Line of sight of camera Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 31/49 Nighttime Lighting Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $8,500 Installation Cost N/A Payback Period N/A Improvement Lifetime N/A Return on Investment N/A (No Lifetime) Total Energy Reduction per Year 230,000kWh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 4.1% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 32/49 Eliminating Unnecessary Lighting Decrease the lighting energy usage by: 2.9% Decrease total energy usage by 0.5% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 33/49 Eliminating Unnecessary Lights Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $1,600 Installation Cost N/A Payback Period N/A Improvement Lifetime N/A Return on Investment N/A (No Lifetime) Total Energy Reduction per Year 28,000kWh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 0.5% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 34/49 Percent Savings for Lighting Improvement Percent Change, Lighting Energy Percent Change, Total Energy Switch to LED 3.5% 0.6% Occupancy on 1st floor international 4.7% 0.8% Occupancy on 2nd floor international 6.3% 1.1% Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim 2.3% 0.4% Occupancy Gates 5.8% 1.0% Occupancy Conf. Rooms 1.2% 0.2% Night lighting for Baggage 7.5% 1.3% Night lighting for Gates 8.5% 1.5% Night lighting for Lobby 4.4% 0.8% Night lighting for ticketing 3.1% 0.6% Eliminating Unecessary Lights 2.9% 0.5% Total 50.2% 8.8% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 35/49 Monetary Savings for Lighting Improvement Savings Switch to LED $1,900 Occupancy on 1st floor international $1,700 Occupancy on 2nd floor international $2,300 Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim $800 Occupancy gates $2,100 Occupancy Conf. Rooms $400 Night lighting for Baggage $2,700 Night lighting for Gates $3,100 Night lighting for Lobby $1,600 Night lighting for ticketing $1,100 Eliminating Unnecessary Lights $1,600 Total $19,300 Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 36/49 Final Monetary Savings Savings due to energy reduction: $19,300 Savings due to demand reduction: $1,200 Savings due to % reduction of taxes: $700 Total yearly savings: $ 21,200 Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 37/49 SOLAR ENERGY
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 38/49 Why Solar Wind speed too low in Melbourne for turbines Geothermal not efficient Solar is abundant and feasible Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 39/49 Solar Benefits A variety of tax incentives Federal investment tax credit: 30% Florida Power & Light capacity based incentive: $50,000 State production tax credit: $0.01 per kwh Common practice at many modern airports FAA Standards exist for common issues These include glare and thermal updrafts Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 40/49 Solar Assumptions Solar array size would be 150 kw DC 1-Axis panel array Power generation calculated by TMY3 Annual soiling loss of 2% itek it-300-he solar panels Danfoss Solar: MLX 400V 400V [CEC 2015] inverter Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 41/49 Solar Energy Savings Solar Energy Saving Estimated Year Savings $35,800 Installation Cost $367,000 Payback Period 10 Years Improvement Lifetime 25 Years Return on Investment $491,000 Total Energy Reduction Per Year 269,000 kwh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 5.2% - 4.6% Figures account for yearly efficiency loss in solar panels Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 42/49 WINDOW IMPROVEMENTS
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 43/49 Window Treatment Average annual solar gain on the North, South and East facing windows - 900 kwh/m 2 Using solar gain calculations Window film and Low-E glass replacement both reduce heat gain by 55% Low-E glass would require large renovations Window film will reduce incoming visible light Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 44/49 Window Film Application Materials cost - $4,100 Installation can be performed by airport staff Assumed total cost $20,000 Estimated yearly savings - $25,400 Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 45/49 Window Film Savings Window Film Savings Estimated Yearly Savings $25,400 Installation Cost $20,000 Payback Period 2 Years Improvement Lifetime 25 Years Return on Investment $615,000 Total Energy Reduction Per Year 208,900 kwh Total Energy Reduction Percentage 4.0 % Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 46/49 CONCLUSION
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 47/49 Final Totals Total yearly savings $96,000 Total investment required over 15 years $567,000 Total savings over 15 years $1,400,000 Total net return on investment over 15 years $843,000 Total percent energy reduction 22.3% Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 48/49 Other Recommendations Determine cooling load savings from painting the roof white Work with installers to find a building management system Including a programmable thermostat Make simple repairs to damaged areas found with a thermal camera Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 49/49 SYSTEM REPRESENTATION
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 50/21 Improvement Savings Estimated Yearly Savings Installation Cost Payback Period Improvement Lifetime Return on Investment Total Energy Reduction per Year Total Energy Reduction Percentage
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 51/21 Solar Gain Calculations South Facing North Facing East Facing Window Area Annual Solar Gain 311 m^2 21 m^2 79 m^2 311039 KWh 4760 KWh 71113 KWh Assumptions Common Tar Parking Lot Single glazed clear window with aluminum casing Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SGHC) 0.79 Clear Sky conditions Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 52/27 Percent Savings for Lighting Improvement Percent Change by Zone, Lighting Energy Percent Change, Total Energy Switch to LED 8.76% 1.49% Occupancy on 1st floor international 4.85% 0.83% Occupancy on 2nd floor international 6.45% 1.10% Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim 2.34% 0.40% Night lighting for Baggage 7.43% 1.27% Night lighting for Gates 9.71% 1.66% Night lighting for Lobby 4.49% 0.77% Night lighting for ticketing 3.20% 0.55% Total 47.23% 8.05% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 53/21 Monetary savings for Lighting Improvement Savings per Year Switch to LED $3,080.82 Occupancy on 1st floor international Occupancy on 2nd floor international Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim Night lighting for Baggage Night lighting for Gates Night lighting for Lobby Night lighting for ticketing Total $1,716.16 $2,274.43 $827.07 $2,625.93 $3,432.32 $1,592.10 $1,137.21 $16,644.69 Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 54/21 Sources http://www.showmeboone.com/clerk/orderspdf/2007/20070329.pdf http://www.trane.com/content/dam/trane/commercial/global/products-systems/equipment/chillers/aircooled/rtae-svx001b-en_10292014.pdf 90_1_2010_2013Addenda.pdf http://www.facilitiesnet.com/hvac/article/5-threats-to-chiller-efficiency-facility-management-hvac- Feature--1893 https://www.progress-energy.com/assets/www/docs/business/chiller-fact-sheet-052005.pdf http://energy.gov/eere/femp/energy-cost-savings-calculator-air-cooled-electric-chillers
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 55/22 Degraded Insulated Pipe Heat Loss Nomenclature Symbol Values Pipe Outside Diameter D o 0.1016 m Insulation Thickness t 0.0381 m Total Outside Diameter D s 0.1778 m Fluid Temperature T f 6.7 C Ambient Temperature T a 22.2 C Surface Temperature T s 17.8 C Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient h s 9.5 W/m2 C Insulation Thermal Conductivity k 0.3981 W/m C Heat Loss: -37.7 W/m Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 56/22 Light Intensity Test Results Control Low-E Window Film Averaged Values (FC) Standard Deviation Percent of Light Blocked 93.56 59.41 16.59 0.05 0.33 0.15 N/A 36.5% 82.3% An average Incandescent 75W Bulb about 102 Ft-Candles Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 57/22 Percent Savings for Lighting Improvement Percent Change, Lighting Energy Percent Change, Total Energy Switch to LED 8.76% 1.49% Occupancy on 1st floor international 4.85% 0.83% Occupancy on 2nd floor international 6.45% 1.10% Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim 2.34% 0.40% Night lighting for Baggage 7.43% 1.27% Night lighting for Gates 9.71% 1.66% Night lighting for Lobby 4.49% 0.77% Night lighting for ticketing 3.20% 0.55% Total 47.23% 8.05% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 58/22 Monetary savings for Lighting Improvement Savings per Year Switch to LED $3,080.82 Occupancy on 1st floor international Occupancy on 2nd floor international Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim Night lighting for Baggage Night lighting for Gates Night lighting for Lobby Night lighting for ticketing Total $1,716.16 $2,274.43 $827.07 $2,625.93 $3,432.32 $1,592.10 $1,137.21 $16,644.69 Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 59/22 FLIR Images: CCDT Damage(s) -Rusted out Climate Changing Draw Through (CCDT) - Leaking into mezzanine over ticketing - Roughly a simple repair - Consistent throughout all CCDT s - Total of 13 units Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 60/22 Degraded Insulated Pipe Heat Loss Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 61/27 Energy Dashboard Presenter Zach Rubenfeld
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 62/27 Airport Layout Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 63/38 Values for Savings Sum of kwh used in Terminal (excluding Federal Inspection Station) from bills: 4,332,000 kwh Multiplied by 0.9181 and divided by 12: 331,434 kwh/month Previous hand-calculations cost: $342,742.12 New hand calculations cost: $323,320.89 Total savings of: $19,421.23 per year Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 64/38 Mechanical Electricity Hand Calculations Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 65/38 Improved Lighting Summary Improvement Percent Change, Lighting Energy Percent Change, Total Energy Switch to LED 9.19% 1.57% Occupancy on 1st floor international 4.85% 0.83% Occupancy on 2nd floor international 6.45% 1.10% Occupancy on 2nd baggage claim 2.34% 0.40% Night lighting for Baggage 7.43% 1.27% Night lighting for Gates 9.71% 1.66% Night lighting for Lobby 4.49% 0.77% Night lighting for ticketing 3.20% 0.55% Total 48.05% 8.19% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 66/38 Energy Load Breakdown All loads 0% 2% Direct Exchange AC 8% Chillers 8% 35% Lights 8% CCDT Other 17% Motors 22% Pumps Compressors Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 67/19 Mechanical Electricity Hand Calculations Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 68/19 Mechanical Systems Hand Calculations (cont.) Energy Usage: 9.76 GWh
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 69/19 Sample FPL Bills
Kilo Watt Hours Thousands 10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 70/19 2015 MLA kwh Used 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 Electric Vault FIS Terminal Building Street Lights (55%) 100 50 0 11/7/14 12/27/14 2/15/15 4/6/15 5/26/15 7/15/15 9/3/15 10/23/15 12/12/15 1/31/16 Date Presenter
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 71/19 Hand Calculations (cont.) Total Electricity via Hand Calculation: 3,590,915 kwh
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 72/19 e Quest Electric Tabulation Total electricity via e Quest Spreadsheet: 5,298,000 kwh
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 73/19 Sample FPL Bills
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 74/19 FPL Utility Bill - December Total electric usage via FPL bills: (12 months*343,440 kwh) = 4,121,280 kwh
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 75/19 Sample FPL Bills
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 76/19 Window Testing Procedure Table Time Day 1 Day 2 Day3 12:00 PM Vintage Glass Low-E Glass Filmed Vintage Glass 12:10 PM Filmed Vintage Glass Vintage Glass Low-E Glass 12:20 PM Low-E Glass Filmed Vintage Glass Vintage Glass Presenter Claude Mickel Brooks
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 77/25 System Representation Legend Blue Scope of our Project Grey Existing Infrastructure Presenter Tyler Johnson
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 78/25 Smart Energy Controller Legend Blue Scope of our Project Grey Existing Infrastructure Presenter James Dirkes
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 79/27 Calculated Energy Values Calculation Type kwh for 1 year Hand calculations 3,590,915 e Quest model 5,300,000 Utility Bills 5,188,078 Percent Error (e Quest v Utility Bills) 2.15% Presenter Garret Clark
kwh Thousands 10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 80/27 2015 MLB Total Electric Use by Month 600 500 400 300 Total Electric Use 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month Presenter Garret Clark
Cost (Dollars) Thousands 10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 81/27 35 2015 MLB Cost of Electric 30 25 20 15 Electrical Vault Street Lights (55%) FIS Terminal Building 10 5 0 11/7/14 12/27/14 2/15/15 4/6/15 5/26/15 7/15/15 9/3/15 10/23/15 12/12/15 1/31/16 Presenter Garret Clark
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 82/36 Current Energy Consumption Total power consumed by lighting: 883,800 kwh Gathered from 15 different bulbs Totaling just over 3900 bulbs Bulbs are either running 24/7, during office hours, or during night time (parking lot lights) Lighting energy equals 15.82% of total facility energy consumption Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 83/36 Occupancy Sensor Locations = Sensor location = Planned location for sensors Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 84/36 Lighting Improvements Summary Improvement Strategically replace lights with LED Occupancy, international gate first floor Occupancy, international gate second floor Occupancy, second baggage claim Occupancy, conference rooms Percent change, lighting energy Perdent change, Total energy 2.71% 0.43% 8.41% 1.33% 6.95% 1.10% 2.52% 0.40% 1.95% 0.31% Total 21.81% 3.45% Presenter Phil Maloney
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 85/19 Mechanical Systems Hand Calculations 2/28/16 Energy Usage: 4.19 GWh
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 86/19 Mechanical Systems Hand Calculations 1/22/16 Energy Usage: 9.76 GWh
10/4/2016 Smart Energy Utilization System 87/19 Sample FPL Bills