Virtual Storage Multi-energy systems Mark O Malley mark.omalley@ucd.ie University College Dublin Grid + Storage Workshop Royal Academy of Engineers, London, March 15 th 2016
Outline Energy System Integration Virtual Storage competition for dedicated storage Some examples with a variable renewables bias Conclusions
Energy Systems Integration (ESI) Single Technologies and Locations Campus, City Community Regional, National, Continental Energy Source Fossil Nuclear Renewable Residential Commercial Industry Mobility Energy Use Sector Electricity Thermal Fuels optimization of energy systems across multiple pathways and scales increase reliability and performance, and minimise cost and environmental impacts most valuable at the interfaces where the coupling and interactions are strong and represent a challenge and an opportunity control variables are technical economic and regulatory Data Water
Virtual Storage by Energy Systems Integration Denmark (2015) : 42 % of electricity by wind (> 100 % for some days in January) (Virtual) storage principles: Buildings (thermal mass) can provide storage up to, say, 5-12 hours ahead District heating/cooling systems can provide storage up to 1-3 days ahead Gas systems can provide seasonal storage Smart City Dialog, Singapore, October 2015
https://www.energinet.dk/en/el/sider/elsystemet-lige-nu.aspx Smart City Dialog, Singapore, October 2015
Smart City Dialog, Singapore, October 2015
Transmission playing its part Note the sag on the line
EUR/GJ heat Co optimization of heat and electricity at scale Heat cost 35 30 25 20 15 10 HOB light oil HOB gas CHP gas CHP coal CHP wood pellets 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 EUR/MWh electricity Source: Lars Bregnbæk, EAEA
Flexibility chart (the competition) Denmark(Intercon nection-oriented) Portugal (Hydro-oriented) Ireland (CCGT-oriented) Interconnection 80% Interconnection 80% 60% Hydro 60% 40% 20% Wind: 47.3% CHP Hydro 40% 20% 0% Wind: 34.4% CHP 0% Pump CCGT Pump CCGT Ireland Portugal Y. Y asuda et al.: Flexibility Chart Evaluation on Diversity of Flexibility in Various Areas, 13th Wind Integration Workshop, WIW13-1029, (2013, 10, London).
Wind Installed in Republic of Ireland 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2500 24 % electricity from wind 2015 (provisional) 2,211 2000 1,844 1,577 1,637 1500 1,425 MW 1,260 1000 745 850 1,002 500 343 495 0 0 57 62 70 116 125 137 212 Source: EirGrid http://www.eirgrid.com/operations/systemperformancedata/all-islandwindandfuelmixreport/
MW 100 % Wind: We will have to change how we live 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Load 100% Wind
Source: raponline.org Wind & solar PV curtailment in China
Combined heat and power (CHP) can be made flexible Chen, X., Kang, C., O Malley, M.J., Xia, Q., Bai, J., Liu, C., Sun, R., Wang, W. and Hui, L., Increasing the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Wind Power Integration in China: Modeling and Implications, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 30, pp.1848-1857, 2015.
Flexible CHP can reduce wind curtailment Chen, X., Kang, C., O Malley, M.J., Xia, Q., Bai, J., Liu, C., Sun, R., Wang, W. and Hui, L., Increasing the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Wind Power Integration in China: Modeling and Implications, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 30, pp.1848-1857, 2015.
Demonstration projects Established in Inner Mongolia, 2014, with 20 electric boilers 500,000 m 2 heat supply 75 GWh wind power annually, equivalent to 19,000t coal Decrease CO2 emission by 68,000t Source: Chongqing Kang, Tsinghua University
iiesi.org
Joint Programme on Energy System Integration (ESI) Kick off Meeting, Dublin 9 th & 10 th May, 2016 www.eera-set.eu EERA is an official part of the EU SET-Plan. http://setis.ec.europa.eu/
20 Storage Applications & Competitors Elzinga, D., Dillon, J., O Malley, M.J., Lampreia, J., The role electricity storage in providing electricity system flexibility, in Electricity in a climate constrained world. International Energy Agency, Paris, 2012.
Installed Capacity (MW) 1969 1971 Historical Storage Drivers 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 21 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Pumped Storage Nuclear Data From OECD Countries only Repeal of fuel use act in US: http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_pu blications/ngmajorleg/repeal.html
Conclusions dedicated Energy storage has lots of competitors Energy Systems Integration & Virtual Storage Key Enablers in integration of variable renewable energy Requires long term planning actions now