LES QUARTIERS SOLAIRES DANS LES VILLES JAPONAISES Overview of Urban Scale PV Projects in Japan - Solar City to Solar Country - June 1st, 2005 IEA PVPS Task 10 workshop at University Savoy Chambéry, France Osamu Ikki, Task 1 Expert Izumi KAIZUKA, Task 1 Expert RTS Corporation Tokyo, Japan E-mail: ikki@rts-pv.com, kaizuka@rts-pv.com Outline - PV Capacity Installed in Japan - Support Scheme of PV Deployment - Residential PV System Dissemination Program and Examples of Urban Installation - PV Field Test Projects and Examples of Urban Installation - Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy and Examples of Urban Installation - Other Initiatives - Toward Further PV Deployment in Urban Area - Hot Topics: PV Systems in EXPO Aichi 2005 1
PV Capacity Installed in Japan Cumurative installed capacity (MW) 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Other application 859.6 Grid-connected distributed Annual installed capacity 636.8 452.8 777.8 330.2 561.3 208.6 383.1 133.4 91.3 263.8 59.6 75.2 31.2 43.4 16.3 31.7 42.1 184.6 222.8 149.0 121.6 122.0 20.5 43.1 77.8 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Cumulative installed capacity and Installed capacity by year 2,000 > 1GW 1,800 (2004) 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Annual installed capacity (MW) Source: IEA-PVPS National Survey Report of PV Power Application in Japan 2003 Support Scheme of PV deployment Support Scheme of Residential PV System Dissemination Program METI NEF Individuals Support Scheme of PV Systems for public and industrial uses - Field Test Project on New Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology - Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy - Project for Supporting New Energy Operators, etc. Corporation, etc. METI NEDO Local public body METI : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry NEF : New Energy Foundation NEDO : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization NPO, etc. 2
Residential PV System Dissemination Program Object: - Raising awareness to PV - Dissemination of residential PV Systems - Creation of the initial market for residential PV system - Collection of PV operation data Term: - Started as Residential PV system Monitor Program in 1994 - Shifted to Residential PV system Dissemination Program in 1997 - To be finished by the end of 2005 (March 2006) Budget: Item 2001 2002 2003 2004 Unit: billion Yen 2005 Residential PV System Dissemination Program 23.51 23.20 10.50 5.25 2.60 2004 Residential PV System Dissemination Program Cumulative number of the applications 65,000 60,000 55,000 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Accumulated total 60,188 61,407 Local governments 54,146 Ready-equipped sales 48,374 Private housing installation 42,911 36,271 31,403 26,244 19,158 12,891 6,873 4/30 5/28 6/25 7/30 8/27 9/24 10/29 11/26 12/24 1/28 2/7 Date ( 2004) Application Number of 2004 Residential PV System Dissemination Program Source: New Energy Foundation (NEF), arranged by RTS Corporation Subsidy 2003: 90 Yen/W 2004: 45 Yen/W 3
Trends of Residential PV System Dissemination Program Installation number of residential PV systems 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 15,879 Cumulative application Number: 223,932 Cases (828.1 MW) 350 38,262 25,151 174 MW 20,877 141 MW (61,407) (233 MW) 46,760 250 91 MW 5,654 6,352 50 539 1,065 1,986 0 1994 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 (Application Fiscal Year number) Installation capacity of PV systems under Residential PV System Dissemination Program Source: New Energy Foundation (NEF) 300 200 150 100 Annual installed capacity (MW) Average Price of Residential PV Systems 4,500 Average price of PV system (Yen/W) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 3,500 1,920 Subsidy: 50% of cost 1,510 1,090 1,060 1,070 940 860 Subsidy: 120 Yen/W 770 100 Yen/W 90 Yen/W 45 Yen/W 710 680 670 0 1 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Subsidy of 2005: 25 Yen/W Source: New Energy Foundation (NEF), arranged by RTS Corporation 4
Recent Trends of Residential PV System Year Installation cases/ output capacity (/Prefectures) Cumulative introduction number (cases/ prefecture) Average output capacity (kw/system) Growth ratio from the previous year (times) Installation number per 10,000 households (cases) Cumulative installation number per 10,000 households (cases) 2000 444 cases 1,583 kw 1,114 3.56 1.31 4.35 10.90 2001 535 cases 1,936 kw 1,649 3.62 1.20 5.17 15.93 2002 814 cases 3,009 kw 2,463 3.70 1.52 7.87 23.80 2003 995 cases 3,695 kw 3,458 3.71 1.22 9.38 32.61 2004* (1,307 cases 4,958 kw) 4,765 3.79 1.31 12.32 44.93 *:The figure of 2004 is based of application Source: New Energy Foundation (NEF), arranged by RTS Corporation Example of Residential PV System Tokyu Home Corporation Millcreek-AP Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Domani II Misawa Homes Ceramics Co., Ltd. HYBRID-Z Sanyo Homes Co., Ltd. HX Decent 5
Example of Residential PV module & system SANYO Electric, HIT PV module KYOCERA Corporation, SAMURAI PV system Kaneka Corporation, Roof-Tile Integrated a-si PV module Sharp Corporation, PV module for Hipped Roofs, Roof-Tile Integrated PV modules Example of Residential PV module 6
PV Housing Estates Cosmo Town Kiyomino (Saitama Prefecture) 240 kw (79 houses) PV Housing Estates Hills Garden Kiyota (Sapporo City) to be 1.5 MW by 2006 (503 houses) 7
Demonstrative Project on Grid-Interconnection of Clustered Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems RTS corporation Ohta City (Gunma Prefecture) - 5-year Project by NEDO* ( 2002 to 2006) - Grid-connected PV systems with storage batteries to be installed 600 houses (325 houses as of March 2005) - Demonstrative research of technological impact of mass introduction - Installation cost: 100 % supported by NEDO *:New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Prof. Kurokawa and Mr. Ozeki, TUAT PV Field Test Projects for Public and Industrial Facilities Object: - Collection and dissemination of operational data - Cost reduction - Standardization of PV systems - Demonstration of new type of PV system, PV system with new technology (BIPV, high efficiency new BOS) Subsidy: - 50 % of Installation cost Budget: (Unit: billion Yen) Item 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Field Test Project on New Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology - - 3.50 5.03 9.23 PV Field Test Program for Industrial Use 1.99 4.50 0.26 0.14 0.11 PV Field Test Program for Public Facilities 0.07 - - - - Source: METI, arranged by RTS Corporation 8
PV System Installed by Field Test Program: Office Building Minami Co., Ltd. (Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture) 76.7 kw :EFG mc-si PV module (by Kobe Steel/ ASE GmbH) 2000 PV Field Test Program for Industrial Use (by NEDO) RTS corporation RTS corporation RTS corporation PV System Installed by Field Test Program : Shopping Center AEON Kitatoda Shopping Center (Saitama Prefecture, November 2004) 10 kw :Light transmitting amorphous silicon PV module (by Kaneka) 2004 Field Test Project on New Photovoltaic Power Generation Technology (by NEDO) 9
PV System Installed by Field Test Program : Gas Station Park Place Oita Gas Station of Cosmo Oil (Oita City, January 2003) 10 kw :Multicrystalline Si PV module (Sharp) 2002 PV Field Test Program for Industrial Use (by NEDO) PV System Installed by Field Test Program : Hospital Jin-ikai Hospital (Oita City, February 2002) 10 kw :Single crystalline Si PV module (Saint-Gobain Glass Solar/ Shell Solar) 2001 PV Field Test Program for Industrial Use (by NEDO) 10
PV System installed by Field Test Program : Public facility Syusuien Fureai Center, community center (Higashi-Murayama City, Tokyo, March 2004) 10 kw :Multicrystalline Si PV module (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (MELCO)) 2002 PV Field Test Program for Industrial Use (by NEDO) Average Price of PV Systems for Public and Industrial Facilities Average price of PV system (Yen/W) 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 4,300 3,400 2,800 2,400 1,500 1,300 1,190 1,040 1,010 900 840 770 750 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Source: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) 11
Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy Object: - Enhancement of promotion of new energy to public facilities - Education and promotion of new energy to local inhabitants Eligible PV systems: - Grid-connected (50 kw and over) Subsidy: - 50% or one third of installation cost, eligible for Local governments Budget: (Unit: billion Yen) Item Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy 2001 11.50 2002 12.70 2003 12.71 2004 11.03 2005 7.60 Source: METI, arranged by RTS Corporation PV system installed by Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy Itoman City Hall (Okinawa Prefecture, May 2002) 195.6 kw : (louvers: 50.3 kw + shelter: 145.3 kw) EFG ribbon Si PV module (RWE Schott Solar) 2001 Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy (by NEDO) 12
PV system installed by Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy Himegi general prefectural branch office (Hyogo Prefecture, January 2004) 167 kw : (Kyocera Corporation) 2003 Project for Promoting the Local Introduction of New Energy (by NEDO) RTS corporation RTS corporation RTS corporation Other Initiatives: Promotion of Environment-Friendly Government Building the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation (MLIT) Government building as a model for global environment conservation Life Cycle CO 2 emission is adopted as an indicator Design based on Green Building Guidelines Green Building Guidelines Low Environment Impact Design Energy and Resource Conservation in Building Operation Efforts to Ensure the Long Life of the Building Use of Eco-Materials Appropriate Utilization and Appropriate Disposal of Waste PV system is is promoted for for Energy and Resources Conservation in in Building Operation 13
Kasumigaseki PV-District: the Governmental Buildings Tokyo, 455 kw in total (as of June 2003) : Central Government Buildings: MOFA, MOF, Cabinet Office, METI, JPO, etc., installed under the leadership of the Prime Minister Jun-Ichiro Koizumi Kasumigaseki PV-District: the Governmental Buildings Ministry of Finance (40kW) Cabinet Office (40kW) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (50kW) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) (40kW) RTS corporation Ministry of Finance (40kW) Prim Minister s Official Residence 14
Other Initiatives: Echo-School Pilot Model Project Scheme of Pilot Model Project Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Provides the cost of surveillance study Constructs Eco-Schools with Expenditures on the School Facilities for Compulsory Education Subsidizes the cost for environment protection Construction of Eco-School (municipality) Basic planning Construction of building, etc. Maintenance Use for environmental education Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Supports for introduction of PV system Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Supports for local building materials (interior) Other Initiatives : Eco-School Pilot Model Project Number of Echo-School 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PV Eco-School Other facility 49 68 49 38 36 39 13 11 29 33 16 20 5 9 4 5 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Fiscal year Annual installed capacity (kw) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 450 350 370 790 620 761 705 284 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Fiscal Year 4,500 4,330 KW 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Cumurative installed capacity (kw) Number of Eco-school (Cumulative number of PV Eco-school: 280) Installed capacity of Eco-school (Average capacity: approx. 29kW) 15
Example of PV system installed by Eco-School Pilot Model project Naha International High School (Okinawa Prefecture, 50kW) MEXT Kamiminabe Elementary School (Wakayama Prefecture, 50kW) MEXT Oshihara Elementary School (Yamanashi Prefecture) MEXT Nisshin Junior School (Wakayama Prefecture, 30kW) NEDO Example of Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture Capital City of Hokkaido Prefecture, the northernmost island of Japan Population : 1,873,039 (as of 2005 May 1) Established Basic Environment Plan of Sapporo City in 1998 to reduce CO 2 emission with specific target (10% reduction of 1990 level by 2017) Promote introduction of PV system as a clean energy source Installing PV systems to mainly schools to raise public awareness to promote introduction Started a preferential loan program for Renewable energy system including PV system 16
Example of Solar City: Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture View from the tower of Sapporo Station Example of Solar City: Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture Sapporo Government Office Building No.1 (26kW) Ito 110 Building (55kW) JR Tower Big Clock of Stars (2kW) Sapporo L Plaza (20kW) 17
Toward Further PV Deployment in Urban Area National and Local Governments - Implement support programs - Lead introduction of PV system PV Manufacturers - Promote cost reduction - Develop products meet the user s demand - Simpler installation method Building materials manufacture - Entry of the PV market as business opportunity Utilities - Support promotion of PV system with Net Billing and Green Continue Power Program Solar City to Solar Country City Planner - Aware values of PV Users of PV - Recognize values of PV other than power generation, design, energy conservation effect, clean image, etc. Housing Industry - Promote PV system as standard specification Building Industry - Cultivate PV-building designer and installers Hot Topic: PV Systems in EXPO 2005, Aichi Japan (a) New Energy Demonstration Plant of NEDO: 200 kw PV system by Kyocera 18