Renewable Energy in The Netherlands September 215
Dr. Martien Visser Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Partner of the Energy Academy Europe E-mail: b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided. Sep-15 Page 2
September 215 In a Nutshell The fraction of renewable energy in The Netherlands was 6.%. Electricity production by wind was 14% higher y-o-y. Average utilization of wind capacity was 2% and of solar-pv, it was (just) 9% Coal usage in Dutch power generation increased by 8% y-o-y. Dutch energy related CO2 emissions increased by 9% y-o-y. The fraction renewable power was 9.7%, up from 7.2% last year. Sep-15 Page 3
Content September 215 data Monthly profiles Monthly data Hourly data Miscellaneous Sep-15 Page 4
SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM SEPTEMBER 215 Sep-15 Page 5
Final Energy Demand September 215 TWh 2 15 1 5 17.2 12.4 11.6 September 215 8.9 5. 3.9 3.9 2.8 2.5 Gas** Road Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy* Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses *estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power Energy is used for many different purposes. In September 215, the most important energy applications were gas and various forms of transport. Renewables are given by comparison. Sep-15 Page 6
Final Energy Demand September 215 (vs 214) TWh 4 3 2 1-1 -2-3 2.4 -.2 September 215 versus September 214.7 -.1-2.9 -.1 Gas** Road Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*.2.3.5 Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses *estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power In September 215, energy used for feedstock has been estimated to be significantly lower than in 214, while gas demand was significantly higher, mainly due to lower ambient temperatures than previous year. Sep-15 Page 7
CO2 Emissions September 215 Mton CO2 September 215 5 4 3.1 2 1 3.1 3.5 3.2 4.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1. 4. 2.5 Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, RIVM, CE-Delft, Carnegy Foundation, own analyses ** excl. gas & coal to power *do not contribute to the national CO2 target In September, the national energy-related CO2 emissions are estimated at 12.8 Mton, an increase by 9% y-o-y. The total Dutch CO2 footprint, including the CO2 sources that do not contribute to the official CO2 emission, and including emissions of CO2- equivalents from agriculture and industry, is estimated at 25 Mton. Sep-15 Page 8
Power Generation Capacity September 215 MW 2 16 13728 September 215 12 8 4 7365 3282 567 1355 492 Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses The capacity given is the so-called name-plate capacity. In practice, not all capacity is available for the electricity market due to planned and unplanned maintenance. Sep-15 Page 9
Power Supplies September 215 TWh 6. September 215 5. 4. 3. 2.79 4.36 2. 1...48.9.33.35.26 NatGas Coal Wind Solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses In September 215, power consumption was 8.9 TWh, the same as last year. Most power has been generated by coal-fired power stations. In September 215, renewables accounted for 9.7% in the power system, up from 7.2% last year. Sep-15 Page 1
CO2 from Power Generation September 215 Mton CO2 4. 3.5 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5. September 215 3.5.9.1 natgas coal wind solar biomass nuclear imports Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses The CO2 emissions from imports are given for comparison, as these emissions do not contribute to the National Dutch CO2 emission level. In September 215, 85% of the CO2 emissions from the power sector came from coal-fired power stations. Sep-15 Page 11
SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES (using daily data) Sep-15 Page 12
Gas and Power Demand September 215 GWh September 215 12 1 8 6 4 2 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Power Gas* Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, etc.. own analyses *excluding gas-to-power Daily power demand shows a week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand (excluding gas demand for power) from industry has a similar pattern. In summer, little gas is used for the heating market. Sep-15 Page 13
Conventional Power Production September 215 GWh September 215 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Coal Gas Nuclear Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Coal-fired power stations showed a week-weekend pattern. Gas-fired generation used, is typically must-run capacity (e.g. cogeneration) and necessary to balance the system. Sep-15 Page 14
Wind and Solar Power Production September 215 GWh September 215 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Wind Solar-PV Sources: TenneT, Windstats, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses September 215 had was rather windy. Hence, wind energy production increased by 14% compared to September 214. Furthermore, solar-pv electricity production increased by 3% y-o-y. 1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year to 3 households. Sep-15 Page 15
Contribution of Renewable Energy September 215 2% September 215 15% 1% 5% % 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Ren%Power Ren%Final Sources: CBS, GTS, TenneT, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Renewable energy as a fraction of final energy consumption peaked at 6.8% on September 15, while the fraction of renewable power peaked to 16.5% that day. These contributions have been estimated using formal procedures. Sep-15 Page 16
SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA Sep-15 Page 17
Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power) 215 (and 214) TWh 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses Gas consumption in September was slightly higher than last year, mainly due to lower temperatures in 215. Sep-15 Page 18
Gas Production 215 (and 214) TWh 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 215 (214) Sources: GTS, own analyses Due to lower production from the Groningen gas field and declining gas production from the North Sea, Dutch gas production in 215 is considerable lower than in 214. Sep-15 Page 19
Power Demand 215 (and 214) TWh 12 1 8 6 4 2 215 (214) Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses Power demand in September was the same as last year. Sep-15 Page 2
Wind Production 215 (and 214) TWh.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1. 215 (214) Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses Wind power production is very volatile. Wind production in September 215 was 14% lower that a year ago, while installed wind capacity increased by 2% y-o-y.. In September 215, the average utilization of wind capacity was 2%. Sep-15 Page 21
Solar PV Production 215 (and 214) TWh.18.16.14.12.1.8.6.4.2. 215 (214) Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses In September 215, electricity production by Solar PV in The Netherlands was relatively low, due to less sunshine. The average utilization rate of solar-pv capacity was 9% in September. Sep-15 Page 22
Coal-to-Power 215 (and 214) TWh 5. 4.5 4. 3.5 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5. 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses In September coal utilization for power generation reached a record level. The average utilization rate of coal-fired power stations in the Netherlands is estimated at 82%. This percentage includes the effects of maintenance. Sep-15 Page 23
Gas to Power 215 (and 214) TWh 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.. 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses In September 215, power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration recovered slightly, but is still much lower than previous year. In September, the average utilization rate of gas-fired capacity was 28%. This percentage includes maintenance and mothballed installations. Sep-15 Page 24
LNG imports 215 (and 214) TWh 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4.2. 215 (214) Sources: GTS, own analyses On average, LNG imports in 215 increased by 2% compared to 214. This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid, as presented by GTS. The figure excludes therefore the usage of LNG as transport fuel July--15 Page 25
Renewable Energy All Sources 215 (and 214) TWh 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5. 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses The data show that in 215, the renewable energy in The Netherlands was higher in any month so far. The average increase is 17% y-o-y. Sep-15 Page 26
Renewable Energy Percentage 215 (and 214) 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses On average, the percentage of renewable energy is this year similar than last year. Sep-15 Page 27
CO2 Emissions 215 (and 214) Mton 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 215 (214) Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses National CO2 emissions from the Netherland s are consistently higher than in 214, mainly due high utilization of coal for Dutch power production. Sep-15 Page 28
SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA Sep-15 Page 29
Gas Supply September 215 MWh Natural Gas Supply September 215 12 1 8 6 4 2-21-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep -4-6 Sources: GTS, own analyses Storages Gas import LNG Terminals Production In September 215, substantial gas volumes were used to fill gas storages, depicted as negative values in the figure. This month, hardly any LNG was injected into the grid. Sep-15 Page 3
Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power September 215 MWh 6 5 4 3 2 1 Gas Demand September 215 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Industry Distribution Sources: GTS, own analyses In late September, temperatures dropped and gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to 51 MW. Sep-15 Page 31
Gas Imports & Exports September 215 MWh September 215 8 6 4 2-21-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep -4-6 -8 Gas export Gas import Sources: GTS, own analyses In September 215, Dutch gas imports have been 7 TWh higher than Dutch gas exports. This is the fourth month in 215 that the Netherlands was a net importing country (on a monthly basis) Sep-15 Page 32
Power Imports & Exports September 215 MWh September 215 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-11-Sep -2 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep -3-4 Power import Power export Sources: TenneT, own analyses In September 215, power imports and exports were similar, due to much lower imports than in previous months. Sep-15 Page 33
Wind Power September 215 MWh 3 25 2 15 1 5 Wind Power September 215 Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, etc., own analyses 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep In The Netherlands, summers are characterized by a low availability of wind. September 215 has been no exception to this rule, with a 2% utilization rate of the available wind capacity of 328 MW. Sep-15 Page 34
Solar PV Power September 215 MWh Solar Power September 215 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Sources: PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses September was not a sunny month. Solar-PV the amount of Solar-PV has been just 9 GWh. The utilization rate of the 135 MW of solar PV installed was not more than 9%. Sep-15 Page 35
The following set of slides presents for each month in 215 the hourly contributions of various energy sources to total power consumption in The Netherlands. Sep-15 Page 36
Power Generation January 215 MW January 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In the week of 2-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by gasfired installations. Sep-15 Page 37
Power Generation February 215 MW February 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power. Sep-15 Page 38
Power Generation March 215 MW March 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Relatively low imports of power occurred in March. On several Saturdays, some net exports were recorded. Sep-15 Page 39
Power Generation April 215 MW April 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added Relatively low imports of power occurred in April. On several occasions, mainly on Saturdays, net exports were recorded. April showed several days with high coal-fired generation, while gas-fired generation was low. Sep-15 Page 4
Power Generation May 215 MW May 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In May, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed gas-fired power generation. Sep-15 Page 41
Power Generation June 215 MW June 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In June, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed out gas-fired power generation. Sep-15 Page 42
Power Generation July215 MW July 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In July, imports were more moderate than in June; consequently, although coal utilization remained high, more gas-fired power generation was registered than in June. Sep-15 Page 43
Power Generation September 215 MW August 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In September, there were a lot of power imports and consequently, not much gas-fired power generation was used. Sep-15 Page 44
Power Generation September 215 MW September 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added In September, power imports, depicted as negative values, were low. The majority of the power is produced by the coal fired power stations. Sep-15 Page 45
The following set of slides presents for each week in 215 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-pv to the total power consumption in The Netherlands. Sep-15 Page 46
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 1-Jan 11-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ,, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Sep-15 Page 47
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses Sep-15 Page 48
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 19-Jan 2-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 49
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 3-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 5
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 51
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 9-Feb 1-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 52
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 2-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 53
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses Sep-15 Page 54
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 55
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 9-Mar 1-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 56
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 16-Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 2-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 57
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 23-Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 58
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 3-Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 59
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 6-Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 1-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 6
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 13-Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 61
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2-Apr 21-Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 62
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 27-Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 3-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 63
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 4-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 1-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 64
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 11-May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 65
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 18-May 19-May 2-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 66
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 3-May 31-May Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 67
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 68
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 8-Jun 9-Jun 1-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 69
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 2-Jun 21-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 7
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 22-Jun 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 71
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 29-Jun 3-Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 72
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 6-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 1-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 73
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 13-Jul 14-Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 17-Jul 18-Jul 19-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 74
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2-Jul 21-Jul 22-Jul 23-Jul 24-Jul 25-Jul 26-Jul Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 75
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 27-Jul 28-Jul 29-Jul 3-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 76
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 3-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 77
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 1-Aug 11-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug 14-Aug 15-Aug 16-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 78
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 17-Aug 18-Aug 19-Aug 2-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 79
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 24-Aug 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 3-Aug Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 8
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 31-Aug 1-Sep 2-Sep 3-Sep 4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 81
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 7-Sep 8-Sep 9-Sep 1-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 82
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 14-Sep 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep 2-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 83
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 21-Sep 22-Sep 23-Sep 24-Sep 25-Sep 26-Sep 27-Sep Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 84
Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 215 MWh 215 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 28-Sep 29-Sep 3-Sep 1-Oct 2-Oct 3-Oct 4-Oct Rest Wind solar-pv Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses Sep-15 Page 85
MISCELLANEOUS Sep-15 Page 86
Effective Temperature September 215 o C September 215 (214) 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 1-Sep 8-Sep 15-Sep 22-Sep 29-Sep Sources: KNMI, own analyses In Septembers 215, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) was relatively low: 1.7 o C. For comparison, the effective temperature of September 214 are presented at the background. Sep-15 Page 87
Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions g/kwh 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 24 279 341 45 298 396 798 Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Fuels Power Generation Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation. Sep-15 Page 88
Epilogue b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts in The Netherlands which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system. Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable. Sep-15 Page 89