Renewable Energy in The Netherlands January 2018

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy in The Netherlands January 2018

2 Dr. Martien Visser Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Partner of the Energy Academy Europe This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided. Jan-18 Page 2

3 The Entrance database on Renewable Energy is regularly improved by the creation and/or refinement of (sub)models Recent improvements In January 2018, onshore and offshore wind energy have been separated Since January 2018, annual quantities are presented in petajoule (PJ) Jan-18 Page 3

4 Fraction Renewable Energy until Q The fraction renewable energy has been calculated using EU/IPCC regulations. In January 2018, the Netherlands produced 6.4% of its final energy consumption in the form of renewables. Please note that in the formal EU statistics, the amount of wind energy is based on the average wind availability during a consecutive number of years, and not on the actual availability of wind. Jan-18 Page 4

5 January 2018 In a Nutshell In January 2018 the fraction renewable energy was 6.6%, up from 5.3% y-o-y. Solar PV generation was 0.2 PJ, similar than last year Onshore wind electricity generation was 3.5 PJ, twice the amount last year Offshore wind electricity generation was 1.5 PJ, 40% higher than last year Gross final energy demand was 220 PJ, 10% less than last year Energy related CO2 emissions were 16.9 Mton, 7% less than last year The percentage renewable power was 14.5%, up from 9% last year Jan-18 Page 5

6 Content January 2018 data Monthly profiles Monthly data Energy demand in a nutshell Hourly data Miscellaneous Jan-18 Page 6

7 SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM JANUARY 2018 Jan-18 Page 7

8 Renewable Energy January 2018 Renewable Energy is produced in various forms. The most important contributors are biomass (biogas, waste, wood and bio-oil) and wind energy. In January 2018, calculated according to the EU/IPCC rules, 6.6% of the gross final energy consumption in the Netherlands was renewable energy. Jan-18 Page 8

9 Final Energy Demand January 2018 Energy is used for many different purposes. The most important energy applications in January have been natural gas (industry & heating) and oil for various forms of transport. Jan-18 Page 9

10 CO2-eq. emissions January 2018 In January 2018, the national CO2-eq. emissions including non-energy related emission and calculated using the official methods, are estimated at 19.7 Mton, similar to January Non-energy (human created) CO2-eq. emissions are estimated at 2.3 Mton. Jan-18 Page 10

11 Power Generation Capacity January 2018 The capacity in this figure is the so-called name-plate capacity. In practice, not all capacity is available for the market due to planned and unplanned maintenance and mothballing. Jan-18 Page 11

12 Power Supplies January 2018 In January 2018, power consumption, including transmission losses, has been estimated at 11.5 TWh, the similar to last year. In January, several coal-fired power stations had maintenance and hence, significant gas-fired power was produced Jan-18 Page 12

13 CO2 from Dutch Power Generation January 2018 The daily CO2 emission per kwh produced varies due to variations in the power mix. In January 2018, the average CO2 emissions from power generation, including renewables and cogeneration, are estimated at 416 g/kwh. Jan-18 Page 13

14 SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES (using daily data) Jan-18 Page 14

15 Daily Renewable Energy January 2018 The daily contributions of renewable energy, according to the classification by CBS. In January the average daily gross final energy demand was 1990 GWh per day. One GWh is one million kwh. An average production of 1 GWh/day requires 40 wind turbines of 3 MW each. Jan-18 Page 15

16 Energy Demand January 2018 Daily energy consumption shows a typical weekday-weekend pattern. Gas demand scales (partly) with ambient temperature. Jan-18 Page 16

17 Conventional Power Generation January 2018 Conventional power generation was affected by high wind and solar production, electricity demand and the balance between power imports and exports. Jan-18 Page 17

18 Daily Wind and Solar Power Production January 2018 January 2018 was characterized by little sun and average wind. The average utilization rate of the wind turbines was 38%. For solar-pv the average utilization rate was 3%. 1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year for 300 households. Jan-18 Page 18

19 Contribution of Renewable Energy January 2018 In January, the percentage of renewable power varied between 3% and 23%, with an average of 14%. The average percentage of renewable energy was 6.6%. These percentages have been calculated using the formal EU/IPCC methodology. Jan-18 Page 19

20 SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA Jan-18 Page 20

21 Gross Final Energy Consumption 2018 (and 2017) The gross final consumption of energy is a quantity used to calculate the percentage of renewable energy. This quantity excludes the energy used in the energy sector (mainly due to the production of electricity), for international shipping and for feedstock and the energy used for (international) aviation above 6.18% of the total Jan-18 Page 21

22 Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power) 2018 (and 2017) Gas consumption in January, excluding gas-to-power, was much lower than last year, due to higher ambient temperatures and more wind energy Jan-18 Page 22

23 Gas Production 2018 (and 2017) In January, Dutch natural gas production was much lower than last year. Jan-18 Page 23

24 Power Demand 2018 (and 2017) In January, Dutch power demand, including transmission losses, was slightly lower than last year. Jan-18 Page 24

25 Wind Production 2018 (and 2017) In January 2018, onshore wind production was 3.5 PJ, 100% higher than in January Offshore wind production was 1.5 PJ, 40% than last year. This was due to higher wind availability. The average utilization of onshore wind capacity was 38%, and of offshore, it was 58%. Jan-18 Page 25

26 Solar PV Production 2018 (and 2017) In January 2018, Solar PV reached 0.03 TWh. This is similar than last year, despite an almost 40% increase in SolarPV capacity in the Netherlands. January was not a sunny Month. In January, the average utilization rate of solar-pv capacity was 3%. Jan-18 Page 26

27 Coal-to-Power 2018 (and 2017) In January 2018, coal-fired power generation has been estimated to be significantly lower than in January 2017, primarily due to the closure of two coal-fired power stations on June 30 th Jan-18 Page 27

28 Gas to Power 2018 (and 2017) For January 2018, gas-fired power generation was significantly less than last year, primarily due to higher wind availability. Jan-18 Page 28

29 LNG imports 2018 (and 2017) This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid. The figure excludes the usage of LNG as transport fuel. Since Spring, LNG imports are low. This implies that there is ample room for more imports, if necessary. 1 TWh is equal to about 100 million m3 gas Jan-18 Page 29

30 Renewable Energy All Sources 2018 (and 2017) In January 2018, a new record of renewable energy production has been achieved. Jan-18 Page 30

31 Renewable Energy Percentage 2018 (and 2017) In January, the actual percentage of renewable energy was 6.6%, this is 1.3% higher than last year. The increase is primarily caused by higher wind production and lower final energy consumption due to higher ambient temperatures. Jan-18 Page 31

32 CO2 Emissions 2018 (and 2017) CO2 emissions in January 2018 were lower than January 2017, primarily due to higher ambient temperatures and higher wind availability. Jan-18 Page 32

33 ENERGY DEMAND IN A NUTSHELL Jan-18 Page 33

34 National Energy Demand January 2018 Dutch government has allocated Energy Demand in four categories. These categories (and this figure) do not take into account energy demand for international shipping, aviation and feedstock. (1 GWh is about equal to the average daily energy production of 40 wind turbines of 3 MW each) Jan-18 Page 34

35 National Energy Demand Low Temperature Heat The primary energy requirement for Low Temperature heat, mainly buildings and green houses, varies with ambient temperature. Jan-18 Page 35

36 National Energy Demand High Temperature Heat The primary energy requirement for High Temperature Heat (mainly industry) varies with the economic activities in the Netherlands. Higher demand in industry indicates economic growth. Jan-18 Page 36

37 National Energy Demand Transportation The primary energy requirement for Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation) varies with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel purchases abroad, e.g. because of lower taxes, are not included in this figure Jan-18 Page 37

38 National Energy Demand by Power Sector The primary energy requirement for the power sector varies, with the import/export balance and with the production of renewable power. This figure excludes the primary energy demand associated with power imports Jan-18 Page 38

39 National CO2 Emissions January 2018 This figure shows the daily CO2 emissions of each of the four demand sectors. This figure does not take into account the energy demand for shipping, aviation and feedstock. (1 kton CO2 is equal to the average daily CO2 emission of households, each using 1500 m3 gas and 3500 kwh electricity annually Jan-18 Page 39

40 National CO2 emissions Low Temperature Heat The CO2 emissions from low temperature heat, mainly buildings and green houses, vary with ambient air temperature. January was a warm month and hence, energy demand from buildings was very low. This figure excludes the CO2 emissions due to the production of electricity used for low temperature heating Jan-18 Page 40

41 National CO2 emissions High Temperature Heat CO2 emissions from high temperature heat, mainly industry, vary mainly with the economic activity in the Netherlands Jan-18 Page 41

42 National CO2 emissions Transportation CO2 emissions from Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation, which are not accounted for in the national CO2 emissions) vary with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel bought abroad, e.g. because of lower prices, is not included in this figure as well Jan-18 Page 42

43 National CO2 emissions by Power Sector CO2 emissions from the power sector vary with the amount of coal used for power generation, the amount of renewable power produced, and the level of power imports Jan-18 Page 43

44 SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA Jan-18 Page 44

45 Gas Supply January 2018 Gas supplies are related to ambient temperatures. In January the gas storages produced a significant of gas demand. This is represented in the graph by negative values. Gas supplies include Dutch consumption and exports Jan-18 Page 45

46 Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power January 2018 Domestic gas demand in January peaked to 100 GW. In this graph, the term industry is defined as direct connections of about 400 major industries to the Gasunie grid. The term distribution includes households, offices, commercials and many small and medium size industries that are connected to the gas distribution grids Jan-18 Page 46

47 Gas Imports & Exports January 2018 In January 2018, gas imports were 145 PJ while gas exports were 170 TWh. Thus, the Netherlands was a net exporting gas country. Jan-18 Page 47

48 Power Imports & Exports January 2018 In January 2018, power imports (mainly from Germany and Norway) were 7 PJ, while the power exports (mainly to Belgium and UK) were 5 PJ. This graph presents the actual power flows, i.e. both intended (traded) and unintended. Jan-18 Page 48

49 Wind Power January 2018 January 2018 was characterized by a varying production of wind energy; the average utilization rate of the wind turbines was 38% onshore and 58% offshore. The installed wind power capacity (onshore and offshore) is about 4350 MW Jan-18 Page 49

50 Solar PV Power January 2018 January was not very sunny; the utilization rate of solar PV installed was only 2%. The installed solar power capacity in the Netherlands is about 2700 MW. Jan-18 Page 50

51 Onshore and offshore wind and Solar PV Power January 2018 This graph shows the combined electricity production by offshore wind, on shore wind and solar-pv. It indicates the large variations of these intermittent sources. Jan-18 Page 51

52 The following set of slides presents for each month in 2018 the hourly contributions of various energy sources to total power consumption in The Netherlands. Jan-18 Page 52

53 Power Generation January 2018 In the second week of January, gas-fired power generation peaked, due to low wind availability and net exports (negative numbers in the graph) occurring simultaneously. Jan-18 Page 53

54 The following set of slides presents for each week in 2018 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-pv to the total power consumption in The Netherlands. Jan-18 Page 54

55 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2018 Jan-18 Page 55

56 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2018 Jan-18 Page 56

57 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2018 Jan-18 Page 57

58 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2018 Jan-18 Page 58

59 MISCELLANEOUS Jan-18 Page 59

60 Effective Temperature January 2018 In January 2018, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) was 1.1 o C, higher than the -1.1 o C in January Jan-18 Page 60

61 Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions g/kwh Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Fuels Power Generation Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation. Jan-18 Page 61

62 Epilogue This presentation is based on numerous sources on energy demand, supply and production in The Netherlands. Unfortunately, these sources do not cover the entire Dutch energy system, nor do these sources provide the insights needed for this presentation. Thus, various approximations and scaling factors were derived and used. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen and various consulted energy experts for there feedback on the methods used. Currently, the aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS) and it is believed that the this presentation gives a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system. Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable. Jan-18 Page 62