FlexEfficiency* 60 Portfolio A new standard of high efficiency and operational flexibility * Trademark of General Electric Company
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Overview Industry Dynamics FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolio Combustion Emission Topics FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolio A new standard of high efficiency and operational flexibility
Industry Dynamics
Changing world dynamics Reducing CO 2 emissions Fuel price volatility Resource scarcity/ remote recovery efforts Energy efficiencies Technology advancements Energy policies 7F 7-Series Customer 7F Gas Presentation Turbines Slide 5
Customer requirements Industry changes Bigger role for natural gas generation Evolving emission requirements Deployment of renewables Volatility of grid capacity Typical Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) operating profile Load Steady state Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Developing industry structures for variable power Regional diversity Spinning reserve off-peak turndown Baseline Start reliability Ramp rate Part load efficiency Turndown FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 6 2/28/2013
FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolio
FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolio of products 7F 5-Series Gas Turbine 7F 7-Series Gas Turbine 2x D-17 Steam Turbine 1x H26 Generator 3x Mark* VIe Integrated Control System (ICS) Wide range of products to meet customers needs * Trademark of General Electric Company FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 8 2/28/2013
Plant capabilities High efficiency: >61% for reduced fuel burn and lower CO 2 Right sized plant: 750 MW for Independent Power Producers (IPP) and medium utilities Rapid start up: Full load <30 minutes to capture additional revenue Fast ramping: >100 MW/minute ramp rate within emission guarantees Larger operating range: Plant turndown to 14% baseload Low stack emissions: 2 ppm NO x and CO with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and CO catalyst A new standard d in efficiency i and flexibility FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 9 2/28/2013
Plant start-up capability Benefits with Rapid Response Full load <30 minutes 1 Sync to grid <6 minutes Reduced start-up emissions and fuel consumption 70 More capacity available for peak electricity demands (% of unfir red load) 100 90 80 Ancillary service opportunities 30 Automated for predictability 1 For hot starts with simultaneous start of both gas turbines. Plant Load 60 50 40 20 10 0 FlexEfficiency 60 Plant 2x1 GT Rapid Response Conventional 0 15 30 45 60 75 Time (minutes) from Start Initiation FlexEfficiency 60 Plant 1/2 a gigawatt in 10 minutes FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 10 2/28/2013
Ramp rates within emissions compliance Automated Generation Control (AGC) 5 minute market Range x Ramp = Value Requires emissions compliance Capture price spikes 7F 5-series capability <9ppm NO x /CO emissions SC <2ppm NO x /CO emissions i CC Gas turbine turndown <36% baseload Gas Turbine Fast tramp >40 MW/min continuous ramp per gas turbine NOx Enhanced Emissions Compliant Ramping GT Output Time Stack NOx GT NOx Gas turbine Output (MW) * Trademark of General Electric Company 7F Gas Turbines Slide 11
Economic and environmental benefits Emissions 62% less CO 2 emissions/mwh than average U.S. coal plant 2 Environmental impact Assuming FlexEfficiency 60 Plant operating 5,800 hours/year Impacts CO 2 reduction of 56,000 tons/year equivalent to annual emissions of more than 11,000 cars 2 Natural gas fuel savings of 950 million cubic feet/year equivalent tto annual consumption of 13,000 U.S. households 2 * 2 Based on Dec-11 EPA Data * Trademark of General Electric Company FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 12 2/28/2013
Plant footprint and access Access road between units enhanced constructability, Operations & Maintenance (O&M) and Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) ft Construction crane access for major components 535 Eliminated fuel gas compressor space lower natural gas pressure requirement 200 ft 535 ft Maintainable, compact plant arrangement FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 13 2/28/2013
Improved 7F 5-series gas turbine Right-sized, reliable for lifecycle cost advantage Flexibility Highest flexibility in class Fast start capability Wide operating range Fast ramping Reliability Long life parts Proven components Configuration MW Output Efficiency SC 216 >38.7% 2xCC/3xCC 655/980 >59% GT turndown GT ramp rate Fuel flexibility Fast start capability 36% GT baseload 40 MW/minute per GT +/- 5% MWI 11 minutes to baseload NOx ppmvd @ 15% O 2 CO ppmvd 9/2 with SCR 9/2 with catalyst Coupling 7F gas turbine heritage with advanced compressor for greater customer value Comparative statements refer to GE technology unless otherwise stated. FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 14 2/28/2013
Introducing the 7F 7-series gas turbine Efficient, flexible and reliable Performance A new level of air-cooled turbine efficiency >61% Lower specific CO 2 emissions Flexibility Highest flexibility in class Faster startup, ramping and wider operating range Reliability Extensive experience with materials World-class validation process Configuration MW Output Efficiency SC 250 >40% 2xCC/3xCC 750/1125 >61% GT turndown 20% GT baseload GT ramp rate 50 MW/minute per GT Fuel flexibility +/- 15% MWI Fast start capability 10 minutes to baseload NOx ppmvd @ 15% O 2 20/2 with SCR CO ppmvd 9/2 with catalyst Delivers improved performance and flexibility with ihcontinued dhigh hreliability/availability il Comparative statements refer to GE technology unless otherwise stated. FlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation Slide 15 2/28/2013
Combustion
Combustion fundamentals Operational Boundaries NO x Dynamics Stable Combustion Combustor Operability CO Clean Fuel Conversion Turndown Multiple l boundaries require robust control methodology LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 17 10/11/2012
Schedule vs. model-based control Control system improvements enable more flexible control replace legacy architecture with modern aircraft-engine design standard new unit platform Model-based control Schedulebased control Boundary Schedule-based control Fixed schedules from off-line, static models Simplified boundary models at one design point Conservative assumptions large margins to accommodate worst case conditions Inflexible Large margins loss of entitlement Inability to handle variation ambient conditions, fuel, frequency, degradation, etc. Model-based control Turbine model running on-line, in real-time State-of-the-art physics models for each boundary Control directly to individual boundaries loop in control approach reduce unnecessary margin Flexible Unit-specific performance/operability entitlement Robust capability to handle variation >300,000 hours on 60+ units Fleet leader at >30,000 hours LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 18 10/11/2012
OpFlex Balance: AutoTune Benefits Before Adds customer-adjustable t NOx cope with emissions-reporting equipment variation Output Enables continuous, reliable gas turbine operation Reduces combustion retuning due to fuel variations Ambient temperature After Reduces combustion dynamics and non-compliance events, provides expanded dlean-blow-out t(lbo) protection OpFlex Slide 19
DLN 1/1+
DLN1/1+ emissions reduction evolution 42 PPM NO x (t tons) / MW W-year Water Injected DLN fleet experience Frame DLN1 DLN1+ 6B 220+ 3 7C-EA 420+ 18 15 PPM DLN1 DLN1+ 5ppm introduced in 2005 DLN1+ 5 PPM DLN1+ 3.5ppm introduced in 2008 3.5 PPM 9E 195+ soon 90 95 00 06 Over 30 Million DLN-Fired Hours 09 LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 21 10/11/2012
DLN1+ system configuration DLN1 DLN1+ Optimized fuel air mixing Optimized venturi Transition pieces with stage dilution optimization Class C TBC Robust fuel Sealing Redesigned secondary fuel nozzle Accessories: Closed Loop Emissions Continuous Dynamics Can Level Primary Fuel Control (CLEC) or CEMS Monitoring (CDM) Tuning Valves New fuel gas skid LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 22 10/11/2012
DLN 2.0/2.6/2.6+ /
Dry Low NOx 2.x combustion history DLN 2.0 137 units, 10 million hours (7F) 25 ppm NOx Turndown to 50% gas turbine load DLN 2.6 750 units, 15 million hours (7F) 9 ppm NOx Turndown to <36% gas turbine load DLN 2.6+ Developed for 9F 3-series in 2005 >64 units, >810k hours (9FB) 9-25 ppm NOx Turndown to 35% gas turbine load LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 24 10/11/2012
DLN 2.6+AFS (Axial Fuel Staged) combustor DLN 2.6+ technology 1 Advanced premixing Low NOxat high T fire Fuel Flex LNG and MWI Advantages Faster Installation Improved cooling Lower turndown 2 Axialfuelstaging Low NOxat high T fire Improved turndown Comparative statements refer to GE technology unless otherwise stated. LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 25 10/11/2012
SCR OpFlex * NH3 Controller SCR NH3 control verification field test, t GE 7FA Model Based Control (MBC) technology includes catalyst characterization outside the normal operating envelope Factors not previously included in SCR control such as adsorption are active features Dual mode operation, NOx or NH3 slip setpoint, adapts to changing g conditions during startup MBC + fast & accurate combined measurement + dual mode setpoint * Trademark General Electric Company 26 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Emission Topics
Start-Up and Shutdown Emissions Gas Turbine Start-up Emissions Emissions rapidly change through start combustion modes Operation and temperature dynamics Inherent variability and uncertainty Challenging to predict and measure Benefits with Rapid Response Full load <30 minutes (hot start) Sync to grid <6 minutes Reduced start-up emissions and fuel consumption More capacity available for peak electricity demands Automated for predictable plant operation LOAD Gas Turbine NOx Emissions Across Load 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Gas Turbine Load GT Roll Rapid Response With Purge Credit Synch Early Emissions Compliance Purge Credit Rapid Response Lite Conventional Steam Bypasses Closed TIME LA DLN Customer Presentation Slide 28 10/11/2012
Particulate Matter (PM/PM10/PM2.5) Definition - Filterable and condensable - Primary versus secondary Ambient Air Standards - PM2.5 Introduced in 1997, updated in 2006 - Develop baseline for ambient and sources - Few offsets available - Test methods (revised 2010) Turbine Emissions - True emissions very low - Test uncertainty/compliance risk Typical data spread FlexEfficiency 60 Permitting Slide 29 2/28/2013
Permitting CO2 emissions Higher efficiency = lower CO 2 emissions New Source Performance Standard - 1000 lbs CO2/MW-hr Efficiency based standard - 12 Month rolling average Best Available Control Technology Evaluation - Heat rate = CO2 Emissions - All operating scenarios and conditions i / Degradation - Technology choice - Permits continue to inch lower how low can you go - Testing complications FlexEfficiency 60 Permitting Slide 30 2/28/2013