Politechnic University Institute of Energy, Water and Environment Department for Technologies of Energy State of Bio-energy in Albania Orjeta Jaupaj
South-east of Europe (Balkan Peninsula). Total area 28748 km2 Hilly and mountainous relief (average altitude 708 m.a.s.l). Coastal lowland-typical Mediterranean climate Highlands- Mediterranean continental climate. Country Profile
Albania - 2011 Indicators Population 3.22 Millions Energy Production 1.49 Mtoe Total Primary Energy Supply 2.17 Mtoe Total Final Energy Consumption 1.92 Mtoe Final electricity consumption* 5.66 TWh Electricity production 4.16 TWh Imported electricity 3.26 TWh Primary solid biofuels 8.71 Mtoe Solar thermal 0.5 Mtoe * Gross electricity production+import export - losses Source: IEA Energy Statistics, 2011
Legislation Framework In 2006 Albania has signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement with EU ratified in 2009. This long-term development vision in the field of energy is incorporated in National Strategy of Energy - last update in 2009 Law for Agriculture and Rural Development No. 9817/2007 Sector Strategy for Agriculture and Food - 2007 (2007-2013) National Energy Efficiency Action Plan No.619/ 2011 National Renewable Energy Action Plan Draft (2012) Law on Renewable Energy Sources- No.138/2013
Legislation Framework Law on the environmental management of solid waste No 9010/2003 DCM on waste landfills"- No.109/2012 Law on Integrated Waste Management in approval procedure Law on Forests and Pastures in preparation Law on Natural Gas Sector - No 9972 / 2003 Law on Production, transportation and trade of biofuels and other renewable fuels, for transport No.9876/2008
Towards integration in EU Directive 2004/35/EC on Environmental Protection transposed in Law "On Environmental Protection" - No. 10431/2011 Directive 2006/32/EC, on energy efficiency end use and energy services, Directive 2002/91/EC On energy performance building (recast 2010/31/EP), Directive 92/75/EC (recast 2010/30/EP) are transposed in National Energy Efficiency Action Plan - No.619/ 2011 Directive 2009/28/EC on Renewable Energy transpose in Law " On Renewable Energy Sources" No.138/2013
Total Primary Energy Supply in Albania (2011) Combustible renewables & waste, 11% Hydro, 18.9% Other renewables, 0.6% 2173 ktoe Natural gas, 0.6% Coal, 3.8% Oil, 65.1% Combustible renewables & waste comprise solid biomass, liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste Source: IEA Energy Statistics, 2011
Total Final Energy Consumption in Albania by sector (2011) Agriculture & Forests 4% Commercial & Public 9% Fishing 1% Other 2% Non energy use 2% Industry 16% 1926 ktoe Residential 26% Transport 40% Source: IEA Energy Statistics, 2011
Renewable Energy in Albanian NREAP In 2009 the Gross Final Energy Consumption was estimated 1858.3 ktoe In 2009 the overall RES share in Gross Final Energy Consumption in Albania was estimated 29.74% In 2009 the total RES consumption was estimated 561.6 ktoe In 2020 the Gross Final Energy Consumption is expected to be 3030.8 ktoe In 2020 the overall RES share in Gross Final Energy Consumption is expected 37.96% In 2020 the expected total RES consumption will be 1256.2 ktoe Source: Albanian National Renewable Energy Action Plan, 2012 (Draft)
Agriculture 43.8% of land area Field crop production rates (1000 tons) Potatoes 13% White beans 1% Cereals 38% Vegetable 48% Source: Agriculture Statistics, 2011 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Protection
Livestock development 2000-2011 Cattle Sheep/goats 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 pigs 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011
Size of Farms Number of farms according the size 145501 The trend in years 2011 vs. 2000 2000 2011 84613 61459 61767 0.1-0.5 0.6-1 1.1-2 2.1> Albania Berat Fier Korce Vlore
Woody biomass Total forest reserve forecasted is around 125 million m3 (14.3 Mtoe): High forestry: 47-50% Coppice: 29-30% Bush: 24-25% 10% of high forestry, 50 % of coppice and 100% of bush are used for fuel wood. Source : Albanian Energy Association, 2011
Woody biomass utilization Ownership Woody Biomass utilization vs. forest capacity (M3/year) 3000000 2500000 communal 51% state 47% 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 private 2% 0 Sources: 1. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration. Report on Environmental Condition,2009 Capacity Utilization Capacity Utilization Capacity Utilization 2. Analysis of Markets and Marketing of forest based products (2003) 2000 2008 2009
Available land for energy crops (ha) & Crop residues technical potential (GJ) in Albania (2008) Source : Balkan Energy and Infrastructure Finance Forum, 2011
Livestock residues theoretical potential (GJ) & Potential roundwood production (m3) in Albania (2008) Source : Balkan Energy and Infrastructure Finance Forum, 2011
Waste Waste management and use for energy services in Albania is at a low level. Systems for the collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) are provided in most cities and towns, but not in rural areas. Very little recycling of waste is undertaken. Wastes are mainly disposed of at municipal dump sites. With few exceptions (Sharra and Bushat landfills), there are no properly managed landfill sites in the country. Source : UNECE Albania, Environmental Performance Reviews, 2011
Biomass in Albanian NREAP In 2009 about 10-13% of the Total Primary Energy Sources (TPES) of the country including imports are provided by biomass, especially fuel wood for fire In 2020 the biomass capacities for electricity production are expected to reach 37.2 MW ( solid biomass) Use of biomass in electricity production in 2020 is expected to be 186 GWh (solid biomass) Source: Albanian National Renewable Energy Action Plan, 2012 (Draft)
Available Technical Potential of all biomass categories in Albania for energy services (ktoe/year) Biomass categories Theoretical Potential Share in country energy balance (%) Technical energy potential - heat Technical energy potential - electricity Forests 263.6 1.07 234.4 70.3 Agriculture 1521 6.17 979.8 293.9 Urban waste 1576.4 6.39 1276 382.8 Waste -orchards 168 0.68 142.9 42.9 Waste-livestock 585.25 2.37 521.6 156.5 Energy plants 62.34 0.25 57.1 17.1 Total 4176 16.9 3212 963.6 Source : Albanian National Renewable Energy Action Plan, 2012 (Draft)
Ongoing R & D activities Inter-sectoral Rural Development Strategy (2007-2013) National Waste Management Strategy- 2011 (2010-2025) Agriculture and Rural development- 2012 IPA Programme Water Resources and Irrigation Project- 2012 World Bank Land Degradation Enabling Activities 2012 World Bank Improve waste management systems in rural areas - 2011 UNDP Biomass Energy for Productive Use for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Olive Oil Sector 2010 GEF