IntelliSense RFID Workshop RFID Technology from Sensing to Interacting European research on RFID O. Vermesan, SINTEF, Norway Radisson SAS Scandinavia, Oslo, Norway 28 November 2007 1
Outline RFID Policy Roadmap in Europe Research Issues Research Priorities in Europe RFID Technology Roadmap 2
RFID Europe 2007 Source: European Commission - Directorate General Information Society and Media Networked Enterprise and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) December 2007 Recommendations and Guidelines Different RFID application areas Privacy and security Nov. 15-16, 2007: RFID Conference in Lisbon - Portuguese Presidency March 13-14, 2007: EU RFID Forum Brussels Ongoing research and co-operation March 15, 2007 at CeBIT: Publication of EU Communication on RFID May 2007 - Dec. 2008: Awareness raising actions & best practices June 2007 - March 2009: RFID Experts Group June 25-26, 2007: RFID Conference in Berlin - German Presidency June 2007 June 18-21, 2007: RFID Exhibition at STOA, EP - Strasbourg 3
RFID Europe 2008 End 2008: Communication from the European Commission on the Internet of Things Source: European Commission - Directorate General Information Society and Media Networked Enterprise and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Visions and position papers Defining user guidelines for RFID applications towards the "Internet of Things December 2008 March 2008: Recommendation from the European Commission on RFID 2 nd half of 2008: Probably RFID Conference French Presidency Ongoing research and co-operation 1 st half of 2008: Probably RFID Conference Slovenian Presidency Throughout 2008: RFID Experts Group June 2008 1 st half of 2008: Public R&D Workshops, next ICT WP preparation 17-18 June 2008: Seoul OECD Ministerial Conference 4
Trends Micro RFID tags, multi frequency/standard, multi sensing Microwave 2.45/5.8GHz (MW) long range tags Multi band small area antennas. Printing at much lower cost. More printing processes will be used Need for low-cost, sustainable, good conductivity ink Ultra low power consumption tags Increased reading range - passive/semi passive RFID tags Longer operating life - active RFID tags Harsh environment RFID smart systems working at -40 to 200 C, with vibration and shocks conditions and in contact with different chemical substances Polymer Electronics based EPCglobal compatible RFID tags 5
RFID Europe RFID-Application Fields CE RFID Coordination Action Description A. Logistical Tracking & Tracing B. Production, Monitoring and Maintenance C. Product Safety, Quality and Information D. Access Control and Tracking & Tracing of Individuals E. Loyalty, Membership and Payment F. ehealth Care G. Sport, Leisure and Household H. Public Services Solely identification and location of goods and returnable assets (e.g. pallets or containers) Smart systems in combination with RFID-Technology to support production, monitoring, and maintenance of goods and processes Applications to ensure quality (e.g. sensors to monitor temperature) and product safety (e.g. fight against counterfeiting) Single function tags for identification and authorisation applications for entries and ticketing Smart Card based identification and authorisation systems for multi-functional applications (e.g. loyalty, payment, and banking systems) Systems for hospital administration and smart systems to support and monitor health status Sports applications, rental systems (e.g. cars or books), smart home Systems mandated by law or to fulfill public duties (e.g. ID-Cards, Health Insurance Cards, Road Tolling) 6
Research Issues Technological Research Hardware: Tags and Antennas Miniature tags with increased reading ranges Smart systems on tags with sensing and actuating capabilities (temperature, pressure, humidity, display, keypads, actuators, etc.) Multi frequency multi standard tags (LF, HF, UHF, MW) Reduce interference with metal and liquids Printed polymer batteries, fuel cells and energy harvesting devices Very low power integrated circuits to increase operational range (passive tags) and increased battery life (semi passive, active tags). Multi standard, multi-frequency integrated circuits and appropriate antenna solutions for tags Integrated circuits with sensor interfaces Improved security features for passive UHF tags. Authentication between reader and tags, data security, etc. MW RFID tags - 2,45/5.8 GHz, near field tags. 7
Research Issues Technological Research Hardware: Tags and Antennas Multifunctional modular RFID ICs with sensor interfaces for sensing, actuating and communicating Integration of different ultra low power interfaces into RFID chips (Resistive/capacitive bridges, ADC, bus interface (I2C/SPI), etc.) Sensor development for RFID (ultra low power, very small size, low cost, etc.) Sensor integration into RFID chips (trade off: precision, silicon area, cost) Assembly and packaging techniques for RFID tags (protection against high/low temperature, mechanical, chemical substances, etc) Improved/new semiconductor manufacturing processes/technologies for higher temperature ranges Miniaturisation and plug and play RFID tags Long term reliability Long life low maintenance energy sources for active or semi passive tags Self repairing RFID tags Ultra low power EEPROM 8
Research Issues Technological Research Hardware: Readers Low cost reader modules and ICs for miniaturised and embedded readers. Multi frequency RF chips for RFID readers. multi functional RF chips for RFID reader. Improved reader performance: higher operational range, higher dynamic range, improved performance under interference and in multiple reader / dense reader situations, adaptable RF front end to cope with reflections and detuning, improved antennas, etc. Multi frequency multi standard readers (LF, HF, UHF, UHF) Micro readers with protocols for reading sensor and actuator data Reduce interference with metal and liquids Low cost directional reader antennas Low cost readers and cost of readers` Antenna design methodologies Material technologies for structure/surface conformal antennas 9
Research Issues Technological Research Hardware: Readers Reader with broadband RF front-end for (ex UHF 860MHz to 960MHz) Reader with modular RF front-end for UHF and MW (2,4 GHz to 5,8GHz) used for passive, semi-active and active RFID tags ( same reader with different RFID front-end technologies for different frequencies/standards and for different applications) Microwave RFID technology (at 2,4GHz and 5,8GHz; passive, semiactive and active) to reduce the size of antennas, to use the directivity of antennas, etc. RF development at MW (at 2,4GHz and 5,8GHz; passive, semiactive and active) e.g. chips, readers, antennas, tags, etc. 10
Research Issues Technological Research Hardware: Embedded Systems Embedded smart systems on tags Embedded modular readers EEPROM Memory (Size, speed, cost, serial interface, long term reliability R/W, extended operating temperature range) Nano power microcontrollers/microprocessors Embedded security algorithms On chip antennas 3D assembly modules for tags (antenna, IC, sensors/actuators, batteries, displays, etc.) 3D assembly modules for readers Self repairing, self healing embedded RFID systems Real time location/position embedded systems 11
Research Issues Technological Research Software/system aspects Data security and integrity Integration of RFID systems into applications Data quality (large amount of data, data transformation and data mining) Integration of RFID systems into different applications Business applications, Payment via cards and telephones GSM/NFC/RFID 12
Research Issues Technological Research Networks Look-up services for efficient data retrieval; Access rights issues; Networked RFID-based systems interface with other networks hybrid systems Interoperability requirements and standards Network security Ambient intelligence RFID systems and the integration with ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) and wireless sensor networks (WSN) Network security (e.g. access authorization, data encryption, standards etc.) 13
Research Issues Deployment Facilitation Large scale pilots Evaluation of economic and societal benefits Information for stakeholders Regulation Privacy; Radio spectrum; EMF effects; Environment Industry standards 14
RFID Device Evolution Evolution in RFID tags functionalities implies an evolution in tag s technology: Intelligence and processing capabilities Sensors and actuators Higher data storage capabilities Open interface to sensor networking 15
RFID Evolution Positioning 16
Research Priorities 17
Security and Privacy 18
RFID Technology Roadmap Perspective 2008 2012 2016 Research Technologies definitions and future developments ROI studies Internet of Things Technology Defined Integration of hybrid technologies sensors/actuators/display/ memory Technology challenges described Wireless sensor networks implementation New business paradigms Secure/Trusted RFID Defining the Browser and the Search engine for the Internet of Things Energy harvesting active RFID tags ID, track and trace anything, everywhere while respecting privacy/security and business rules Search the physical world as a commodity Self aware physical world RFID tags for everyone/everything Standardization RFID standards established Definition of hardware standards Progress on software standards Global frequency acceptance Defined use cases Adoption in new industries Secure RFID standards RFID competitive advantage demonstrated RFID tags demanded for their benefits to consumers RFID adopted and accepted as competitive advantage RFID visibility leads to new business processes and actions Industry Adoption of RFID Business benefits Business cases Adoption in logistics Item level tagging Adoption in healthcare New use cases in industry Routine value extraction with RFID Adoption in different industries RFID tags on majority of products for business advantage New industries adopt RFID 19
Challenges for Next Generation Both mommy and I wear these tracking devices. Nuts! http://www.flickr.com/photos/3 8869431@N00/424130402/ 20