Understanding ADA Compliance and Guidelines for Detectable Warnings

This continuing education program is sponsored and provided to you as a professional courtesy of: Understanding ADA Compliance and Guidelines for Detectable Warnings The Ultimate Hi-Tech Concrete Detectable Warning StrongGo Industries (LLC) 3296 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, Arizona 85706-5013 USA Phone: (520) 547-3510 Fax: (520) 547-3515 Toll-Free: (866) 439-3216 Email: csd@stronggo.com Web: http://www.stronggo.com/ MRS001 AIA-TW3205-W 2014. The material contained in this continuing education program belongs to TekWay. Questions or concerns about the program content need to be addressed with the program instructor. Powered by 1

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Promotional Statement Slide This course has been designed as a structured asynchronous program and therefore has been formatted for online use only. Please do not forget to print your AIA/CES and CSI/CEN Certificate of Completion. Successful completion is scoring 80% or higher on your final exam. If you wish to print it later you can access all certificates from your A-F transcript center. The American Institute of Architects Course No. TW3205-W; LUs- 1.00 This program qualifies for HSW credit Architect-Forum is a registered provider with The American Institute Of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates Of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA, of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Presenter: JoAnn Lichty StrongGo Industries, LLC Manufacturers of TekWay Dome-Tiles Hi Tech Concrete Truncated Dome-Tiles. Presenter Bio If you are in the state of California or any other state that requires the Trainer Educator's Knowledge & Experience Background please click on the following link to download a PDF version of the Bio. Click here download

Course description This course is to provide a comprehensive, up to date overview of the current requirements, standards, and guidelines within the ADA, ADAAG, PROWAAC and more. These guidelines and regulations help ensure the safety and welfare of our beloved Disabled Citizens. In the final chapters of this presentation there are several comparisons made which contrast the difference between the various types of Detectable Warning products that are currently available in the industry including Hi-Tech Concrete. Also included is an overview of how each system can fail if not installed properly.

Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this program the designer will have gained knowledge and understanding over the following: 1. ADA Definition of Detectable Warnings 2. Reasons for the ADA Requirements and the Importance of Compliance 3. ADA, ADAAG and PROWAAC Law and Guidelines Including how to remain fully compliant. 4. What Types of Detectable Warning Products are Available 5. What Hi Tech Concrete detectable warning tiles are and how they improve the safety and welfare of pedestrians 6. Proper Installation of Hi Tech Concrete Detectable Warning Tiles

Statistical Snapshots Every seven minutes someone in America will become blind or visually impaired. There are approximately 10 million blind and visually impaired people in the U.S. who need long canes or service dogs to get around. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) supports their right to be aware of a hazard in their line of travel. Source: Foundation for the Blind

ADA Definition of Detectable Warnings 1

ADA Definition of Detectable Warnings A standardized surface feature built into or applied to a walking surface or other elements to warn of hazards on a circulation path. Its intention is to function much like a STOP sign, alerting pedestrians who are visually impaired to the presence of a hazard in their line of travel.

ADA Definition of Detectable Warnings An example of a curb ramp at the entrance to a medical center.

ADA Definition of Detectable Warnings Detectable warnings are needed any place where alerting pedestrians who are visually impaired is required. Here is an example of an application at a light rail crossing.

The Reasons for the ADA Requirements and the Importance of Compliance ADA & Detectable Warning Tiles 2

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1991 The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1991 The ADA, a major Civil Rights Law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability, establishes design requirements for the construction or alteration of facilities. It covers facilities in the following: Private sector (places of public accommodation and commercial facilities) Public sector (state and local government facilities) Under the ADA, the Access Board is responsible for Accessibility Guidelines covering newly built and altered facilities.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1991, cont d 1991 - USDOT and USDOJ developed regulations for new construction and alterations using guidelines from ADAAG, which serve as the basis for standards used to enforce the law. These guidelines require the installation of detectable warnings on sidewalks, street crossings and curb ramps, hazardous vehicular ways and transit platform edges. Note: Hazardous vehicular ways is a non-specific term (unlike curb ramp) used to describe any location where there is potential danger to visually impaired pedestrians by vehicle traffic.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1991, cont d Since 1991, Truncated domes have been the standard design requirement for detectable warnings on curb ramps and at flush transitions from sidewalks to street crossings. In 1994, the US Access Board temporarily suspended the standard. This suspension allowed them to do more research with committees and also prepared the manufacturing market for the future demand.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1991, cont d In 2001, the suspension was allowed to expire, thereby reestablishing the mandate. The ADAAG require that all municipalities and states install Truncated Dome Surfaces on all new curb ramps and projects with alterations to existing ramps. Truncated Domes must remain compliant to the specific guidelines set in place for them.

Need Truncated Domes An example of truncated domes installed flush on a parking lot ramp.

ADA, ADAAG, PROWAAC Law and Guidelines 3

What Does it Mean to be ADA / ADAAG / PROWAAC Compliant? It means 3 things: 1. Placing truncated dome tiles in the required locations. 2. Using a product that meets the requirements of the law, including the most up-to-date code changes and requirements for compliance. 3. Ensuring a long lasting solid installation without any voids or other deterioration which causes a hazard to Disabled Citizens.

Q: Where do the ADAAG Mandate the use of Detectable Warnings? ADAAG 4.29.5 Detectable Warnings at Hazardous Vehicular Areas If a walk crosses or adjoins a vehicular way and the walking surfaces are not separated by curbs, railings, or other elements between the pedestrian areas and vehicular areas, the boundary between the areas shall be defined by a continuous detectable warning which is 36 inches wide, complying with: 4.29.2. => Detectable warnings shall consist of raised truncated domes.

Q: What Legal Requirements have to be met? 1. Dome Shape & Sizing 2. Dome Spacing 3. Color Contrast 4. Lasting Durability In the following slides we will focus on the four points shown here.

1: Dome Shape & Sizing Note: According to ADAAG 705.1.1 dome size: As we see in this drawing of a truncated dome a true truncated dome is NOT a hump but has a flat top that should be 50-65% of the size of the base. This is very important to remember when you are specifying a truncated dome product. The design is VERY specific and this is what is expected for compliance. ADAAG 705.1: Truncated domes in a detectable warning surface shall have: a base diameter of 0.9 inches (23 mm) minimum to 1.4 inches (36 mm) maximum a top diameter of 50% of the base diameter minimum to 65% base diameter maximum a height of 0.2 inches (5 mm)

2: Dome Spacing ADAAG 705.1.2 Dome Spacing. Truncated domes in a detectable warning surface shall have a center - to - center spacing of 1.6 inches (41mm) minimum and 2.4 inches (61mm) maximum base - to - base spacing of 0.65 inches (16mm) minimum, measured between the most adjacent domes on square/inline grid. Note: Proper size and shape of the truncated dome as well as the spacing between the domes is imperative for compliance.

3: Color Contrast Q: Is 70% color contrast between detectable warnings and adjoining surface a requirement? NO. Not anymore. ADAAG 705.1.3 Contrast.. Detectable warning surfaces shall contrast visually with adjacent walking surfaces by either: light-on-dark or dark-on-light Note: In addition, color must be colorfast throughout the tile in a homogeneous manner for the entire thickness of the tile.

4: Lasting Durability Q: Is the product durability related to overall compliance? Title I and III, 36.211 YES. ABSOLUTELY. Maintenance of Accessible Features: A public accommodation shall maintain in operable working condition those features of facilities that are required to be readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities by the Act or this part.

ADAAG Most Relevant Compliancy Laws Within the ADA/ADAAG guidelines and regulations it can be difficult to accurately determine the most effective clauses in remaining compliant for any given project. The most updated and reliably compliant clauses are found within: Chapter 705.1 regarding dome size, space, contrast, etc. Chapter 4.29 regarding location requirements for domes, and placement guidelines. Continue to the next slide to learn about Chapter 4.29

Chapter 4.29.2 4.29.5 4.29.2* Detectable Warnings on Walking Surfaces. Detectable warnings shall consist of raised truncated domes with a minimum diameter of 0.9 in (23 mm), a minimum height of 0.2 in (5 mm) and a minimum center-to-center spacing of 1.60 in (41 mm) and shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-dark, or dark-on-light. (See also 705.1.3) * Appendix Note: The material used to provide contrast shall be an integral part of the walking surface. Detectable warnings used on interior surfaces shall differ from adjoining walking surfaces in resiliency or soundon-cane contact. 4.29.5 Detectable Warnings at Hazardous Vehicular Areas. If a walk crosses or adjoins a vehicular way, and the walking surfaces are not separated by curbs, railings, or other elements between the pedestrian areas and vehicular areas, the boundary between the areas shall be defined by a continuous detectable warning which is 36 in (915 mm) wide, complying with 4.29.2.

Chapter 4.29.6 Reflecting Pools 4.29.6 Detectable Warnings at Reflecting Pools. The edges of reflecting pools shall be protected by railings, walls, curbs, or detectable warnings complying with 4.29.2. Note: This updated 4.29.6 code requires that a barricade of some sort is placed around the edge of any public accessible reflecting pool. Many designers find that Detectable Warnings are the best solution to this compliance code, given their aesthetic qualities, as well as ease-of-use.

What is PROWAAC? Public Rights of Way Access Advisory Committee of the U.S. Access Board that includes advocates, engineers, architects, and public works officials. Provides Technical Assistance to Accessible Rights-of-Way laws and regulations. Created in 1999 to develop guidelines for accessibility within public Rights-of-Way and contains seven chapters regarding alterations, designs, and ADA compatibility.

PROWAAC X02.5.6.2 Detectable Warnings Begin: X02.5.6.2 Detectable Warnings. Curb ramps at medians and refuge islands, and locations where medians and refuge islands are cut through level with the street at crosswalks, shall have detectable warnings complying with Section X02.5.7. X02.5.7 Detectable warnings X02.5.7.1 General: Where required, detectable warnings shall comply with Section X02.5.7. X02.5.7.2 Application: Detectable warnings shall be provided only at the following locations: (click to continue)

Where a sidewalk crosses a vehicular way, excluding un-signalized driveway crossings. Figure X02.5 G Detectable Warning at Curb Ramp: Figure X02.5 H Transition Ramp with Detectable Warning: Illustrates 24" deep detectable warning located near the street edge of the curb ramp. Shows detectable warning at a transition ramp. Figure X02.5 I Shared Curb Ramp with Detectable Warning: Figure X02.5 J Detectable Warning at Blended Curb Shows detectable warning at a shared curb ramp. Shows detectable warning at blended curb. This is an example of PROWAAC code and drawings for compliancy in design.

California Code EXAMPLE OF STATE- REGULATED DIFFERENCES IN ADA COMPLIANCE AND REGULATION.

What is CBC? The California Building Standards Code is the building code for California along with title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR). It is a maintained by the California Building Standards Commission. It is, in effect, amended versions of copyright works such as the International Building Code (IBC) maintained by the International Code Council (ICC), the regulations have substantial portions under copyright and hence may be withheld from the public or individuals, but still have the force of law. The California Building Standards Code is available at Public.Resource.Org for free.

Changes active as of Jan 1, 2014 As of January 1, 2014 the CBC enacted certain changes for projects which fall under it s guidelines. The verbiage has been changed and is no longer identical to the ADA s. These changes affect all CBC-regulated truncated dome work in compliance with CBSC as of January 1, 2014. Required uses are categorized as commercial buildings, medical and educational facilities and similar private projects within the State of California (see Title 24). Click to view these changes.

California Specifications: Dome Size Old Code (Pre-2014): 705.1.1 Dome Size. Base Diameter = 0.9 (23mm) minimum 1.4 (36mm) maximum. Top Diameter = 50% of base diameter minimum 65% of base maximum. Dome Height = 0.2 (5.1mm) minimum and 0.22 (5.6mm) maximum. New Code (as of Jan 1, 2014): 11B-705.1.1.1 Dome Size Base Diameter = 0.9 (22.9mm) minimum 0.92 (23.4mm) maximum. Top Diameter = 0.45 (11.4mm) minimum 0.47 (11.9mm) maximum. Dome Height = 0.18 (4.6mm) minimum and 0.22 (5.6mm) maximum.

California Specifications: Dome Spacing 705.1.2 Dome Spacing. Old Code (Pre-2014): Center to Center Spacing of 1.6 (41mm) minimum 2.4 (61mm) maximum. Base to Base Spacing of 0.65 (17mm) minimum between most adjacent domes on square grid pattern. 11B-705.1.1.2 Dome Spacing. New Code (As of Jan 1, 2014): Center to Center Spacing of 2.3 (58mm) minimum 2.4 (61mm) maximum. Base to Base Spacing of 0.65 (17mm) minimum between most adjacent domes on square grid pattern.

Caltrans Adoption and Explanation Caltrans has similarly adopted the new building codes for projects such as State Highways, Federal Highways and other State/Federal sector contracts. Individual Cities and Counties may choose to adopt the CBC/Caltrans standards for their jurisdictional contracts if they wish to do so. However, this is not a requirement. Individual Cities and Counties may provide their own details in compliance with ADA/ADAAG.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

FHWA and what it means The FHWA is responsible for implementation of pedestrian access requirements from the ADA and Section 504. This is accomplished through stewardship and oversight over all Federal, State, and local governmental agencies ( public agencies ) that build and maintain highways and roadways, whether or not they use Federal funds on a particular project. The FHWA requires all new construction to provide pedestrian facilities and to incorporate accessible pedestrian features to the extent technically feasible without regard to cost. The development process should ensure accessibility requirements are incorporated into the project.

What does this mean? There are many organizations and entities that have regulations and laws set in place regarding truncated domes and accessibility in general. How can an architect safely make a conclusion to the requirements that domes must meet in order to be compliant?

Further The ADAAG, ADA, and PROWAAC set the standard for Truncated Domes nationally. These laws are proven and based on long-term scientific research. States may always have their own guidelines that are within the specifications of ADA regulations. Dome-Tiles must be compliant foremost to ADA and ADAAG guidelines.

Truncated Dome Tile Design We have seen the various laws and regulations of Truncated Domes and their uses. The next section will focus on the tiles and products themselves and how they are designed.

Detectable Warning Detail This is an example of an industry standard detectable warning tile.

Detectable Warning Curb Ramp Detail

Basic Ramp Details (ex. Parking Lot) Needed on both public and private lots. Detectable Warning

Very Important to Remember 1. Being compliant at COO (Certificate of Occupancy) is a great beginning, 2.Staying compliant through the life of the project is the challenge and the law. Note: This is enforceable by Title III, section 36.211 Maintenance of Accessible Features as well as PROWAAC and certain local regulations.

What Types of Detectable Warning Products are Available? 4

What Types of Detectable Warning Products are Available? When choosing a Detectable Warning, the five following features need to be considered: 1. Are fully compliant with all pertinent ADA regulations and standards 2. Long lasting & durable 3. Maintains high slip-resistance 4. Are ASTM tested and certified 5. Are compatible with the substrate and surrounding concrete areas

Types (Generations) of Products Currently Available: 1st Generation: Stamped or Scored Concrete 2nd Generation: Brick Paver or Sand-bed Set 3rd Generation: 4th Generation: 5th Generation: 6th Generation: 7th Generation: Surface Applied Plastic Inset Metal Inset Standard Concrete Inset Hi Tech Concrete Inset

Pros: 1st Generation: Stamped Concrete Truncated Domes Many contractors and developers will choose a Stamped Concrete Dome option largely because of their initial low cost. Cons: Stamped Concrete Domes are not ADA Compliant even in concept. They are soft, ill-formed, easily deteriorated domes that have little substance to hold the proper form. In many cases the domes are ultimately formed from what is known as concrete cream. This cream rises to the top of the substrate quickly and is comprised of soft sand and water. Concrete truncated domes deteriorate quickly regardless of their environment. Color seal peels / deteriorates NOTE: Scored concrete was found to be too similar to cracks in pavement and is not acceptable as a warning pattern. Click onto the next slide to view examples

With stamped concrete it is difficult to properly shape and make domes uniform. 1st Generation: Stamped Concrete Problems Here is an example lacking adequate color contrast. In this example color was added but the concrete mix used was poor, causing the domes to degrade.

2nd Generation: Brick Pavers Pros: Sand set allows for easy replacement, repair & adjustment of pavers. Proper compaction of the sub-base, good edge restraint and stable soil conditions are critical to prevent movement of pavers. Sand bed should not be thicker than 1. Joints are usually swept with sand. Cons: Domes are not ADA compliant in regard to dimensions The brick materials are softer than concrete Bricks will shift in the sand bed causing a trip hazard & liability issue Lengthy install = High labor rate Soil must be properly compacted and a concrete base and edge restraints should be poured and cured prior to install Note: Bricks are often shipped to sites on pallets. The abrasion and impact from transit can damage domes. Click onto the next slide to view examples

Domes missing, damaged, and not in compliance. 2nd Generation: Brick Paver Problems Upheaval and settling have caused misalignment of pavers and domes that creates a trip hazard. Overgrowth of weeds through joints as a result of the sand underneath.

3rd Generation: Surface Applied Overview: This category involves several products with different methods of installation. Rubber or Plastic Mats Glued down or Anchored in place Manufactured on site Heat applied or Individually screwed in place

3: Rubber & Plastic Mats Pros: Rubber or plastic mats are applied directly to clean dry surfaces with an adhesive. The application is achieved without the need of specialized labor or machinery. It is very user-friendly and inexpensive. Cons: Deformation often causes a trip hazard and potential liability issue Domes often do not stand up to traffic, UV light and heat Frequent & costly replacements are necessary Not aesthetically appealing Click onto the next slide to view examples

3a Rubber & Plastic Mat Problems Thin rubber mats can rip when something heavy is pulled across. Here you see the bubbling effect. The material will easily tear due to heavy traffic and weather conditions. Plastic mats never adhere well for long periods to the concrete underneath.

3b Manufactured on Site These products are either installed by heating the concrete to an estimated 500 degrees for a melted bond OR Holes are drilled, filled with epoxy and then individual spiked domes inserted into the concrete. In general, this causes a labor intensive install (up to 9 hours for 50 SF). Click onto the next slide to view examples

3b Manufactured on Site Problems A poor installation has caused this mat to wrinkle immediately. This example shows a school bus drop off. Heavy foot traffic and weathering caused it to dry out, crack and delaminate. This heat applied product is peeling away from the concrete due to foot traffic in a residential subdivision. This install no longer complies with ADA requirements due to the product s deterioration.

Pros: Easy to install 4th Generation Plastic-Inset Not glued down and remains in place longer than mats Cons: Significant durability problems due to trapped air during installation Significant safety problems due to low slip resistance, particularly in wet environments Different expansion and contraction from concrete Not environmentally friendly & not Green Regular replacement necessary due to deterioration Not aesthetically pleasing and looks out of place in concrete Click onto the next slide to view examples

Worn and broken domes increase slipperiness. 4th Generation Plastic-Inset Problems Fissures eventually occur since air is always trapped underneath.

Pros: 5th Generation Metal - (Steel or Cast Iron) The system can withstand heavy traffic conditions. Cons: Domes are not ADA compliant in regard to dimensions. Metal cannot be colored through to comply with ADAAG 4.29.2. Cast iron will rust and bleed into adjacent concrete. The steel and iron are very slippery when wet and are very hot in direct sunlight (summer). Significantly different expansion & contraction than concrete. Difficult to install due to heaviness of material. Very costly solution in general. Click onto the next slide to view examples

Close inspection shows domes are NOT truly truncated and therefore not ADA compliant. 5th Generation Metal - (Steel or Cast Iron) An example of how the rust bleeds into the adjacent concrete. Topically applied color deteriorates over time. Note: Color can never be homogeneous throughout tile.

Pros: 6th Generation: Standard Concrete Insets Since they are made out of concrete they belong naturally in the sidewalk environment. Are proven to be more durable than plastic, rubber or brick-paver systems. Are proven to provide good slip resistance.

Cons: 6th Generation: Standard Concrete Insets Due to high water absorption (approx: 5%) the domes deteriorate rather quickly over time. Rigidness and lack of flexibility of material causes cracking when stressed. Replacement will be frequently required due to eventual deterioration. Domes are very seldom made to ADA standards.

6th Generation: Standard Concrete Inset Problems Domes are not truly truncated and are not strong enough to withstand heavy traffic. An example of cracked tiles with domes completely worn off. Standard concrete tiles crack under pressure and the domes do not withstand normal wear & tear.

7th Generation: Hi Tech Concrete Insets Pros: The truncated domes are perfect in dimensions and will serve as a reliable device for the visually impaired over a very long time. Good and lasting slip resistance. Heat, cold, water, salt, and chemical resistant. Withstands high traffic and high pressures. Proven system. Cons: The system does not have any known flaws but does need to be installed by a professional contractor to ensure its longevity.

7th Generation: Hi Tech Concrete Insets High-tech concrete-based dome tiles installed in extreme climate. (Phoenix, AZ)

7th Generation: Hi Tech Concrete Insets High-tech concrete-based dome tiles installed in extreme climate. (Sandy, UT)

7th Generation: Hi Tech Concrete Insets Tiles withstanding regular school bus traffic. Note the broken concrete.

What are Hi Tech Concrete-Based Detectable Warning Tiles 5

Q: What are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Hi Tech Concrete domes are 100% compliant with all ADA / ADAAG regulations and codes. Hi Tech Concrete domes have stronger physical characteristics such as compressive strength of over 16,300 psi, a water absorption of less than 0.25%, a slip resistance over 0.90, a freeze/thaw factor of 0.00% and are colorfast. 1. They are made out of a scientifically researched material with a combination of high-strength concrete, polymers, nano powders and Salt River aggregates. 2. They are manufactured with an advanced technology for creating a truly truncated dome with lasting strength and ultimate durability.

Q: What is a Truly Truncated Dome? ADA Specification Cut Away of a Hi Tech Concrete Dome Detectable Warnings: Synthesis of U. S. Practice Extensive research determined that the dimensions of dome size, shape, height, and spacing along with color contrast mandated by the ADA provided the best detectability and the lowest trip hazard for pedestrians, including those visually impaired. This tactile warning acts to alert the visually impaired to the potential hazard of vehicular traffic. See ADAAG 4.29.2

Q: Is Hi Tech Concrete Safe for Guide Dogs? Answer: Yes Hi Tech Concrete never gets too hot for a guide dogs paws, which could prevent the dog from walking across it, therefore making it usable by all visually impaired persons.

Hi Tech Concrete Truncated Dome Benefits As we discussed earlier Hi Tech Concrete truncated dome tiles are environmentally friendly and are green manufactured. Aside from being an excellent contemporary solution they also offer... Environmentally Friendly and Green Manufactured Easy, Fast and Void Free Installation Unique and permanently solid anchoring system Protective covering for a clean finish Contractor training available Compliant with all ADA / ADAAG regulations Are independently ASTM tested & certified Maintenance free

Hi Tech Concrete Properties Physical properties High compression strength (above 16,300 psi) High flexural strength (above 2,500 psi) High tensile strength (above 2,650 psi) High abrasion resistance (below 0.05 cm3/cm2) Low water absorption (below 0.25%) Chemical properties High chemical resistance High stability Controlled curing Low reactivity No toxicity Mechanical properties High toughness High malleability High ductility The specifications for hi-tech concrete are the highest available in the industry today.

1 Compression Strength Comparison D-1 Concrete 1 F 0 applied The horizontal break axis Concrete s typical Compression Strength is 4,000psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 1 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 576,000 lb before the concrete would break. Calculation: 144in 2 (4,000lb/in 2 ) = 576,000lb Where: 1 X 1 cross sectional area = 144in 2 Concrete compression strength = 4,000lb/in 2 Solid Ground F reaction to F 0 D-2 Plastic 1 1 D-3 Hi Tech Concrete 1 1 F 0 applied F 0 applied The horizontal break axis Plastic s typical Compression Strength is 29,000psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 1 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 381,292 lb before the plastic detectable warning would break. This is because the force only acts on 13.148in 2. The horizontal break axis F reaction to F 0 F reaction to F 0 Calculation: (0.185 * 12) + 5 (0.185*11.815) = 13.148in 2 13.148in 2 (29,000lb/in 2 ) =381,292lb Where: Plastic rib width avg = 0.185 Number of ribs are 5 across and 1 on back (best case scenario) Plastic compression strength = 29,000lb/in 2 Hi Tech Concrete s typical Compression Strength is 16,300psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 1 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 2,347,200 lb before the Hi Tech Concrete detectable warning would break. This is because the force acts on 144in 2. Calculation: 144in 2 (16,300lb/in 2 ) = 2,347,200lb Where: 1 X 1 cross sectional area = 144in 2 Hi Tech Concrete compression strength = 16,300lb/in 2

1 Tensile Strength Comparison D-1 Concrete 1 F0 applied The horizontal break axis Concrete s typical Tensile Strength is 430psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 1 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 64,000 lb before the concrete would break. Calculation: 144in 2 (430lb/in 2 ) = 64,800 lb Where: 1 X 1 cross sectional area = 144in 2 Concrete tensile strength = 430lb/in 2 Solid Ground 1 D-2 Plastic 1 F0 applied The horizontal break axis 1 D-3 Hi Tech Concrete 1 F0 applied The horizontal break axis F reaction to F 0 F reaction to F 0 F reaction to F 0 Plastic s typical Tensile Strength is 19,000psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 1 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 249,828 lb before the plastic detectable warning would break out of the sidewalk. This is because the force only acts on 13.148in 2. Calculation: (0.185 * 12) + 5 (0.185*11.815) = 13.148in 2 13.148in 2 (19,000lb/in 2 ) =249,828lb Where: Plastic rib width avg = 0.185 Number of ribs are 5 across and 1 on back (best case scenario) Plastic tensile strength = 19,000lb/in 2 Hi Tech Concrete s typical Tensile Strength is 2,650psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 1 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 381,600 lb before the Hi Tech Concrete detectable warning would break out of the sidewalk. This is because the force acts on 144in 2. Calculation: 144in 2 (2,650lb/in 2 ) = 381,600 lb Where: 1 X 1 cross sectional area = 144in 2 Hi Tech Concrete tensile strength = 2,650lb/in 2

The vertical break axis Concrete s typical Flexural Strength is 435psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 4 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 20,880 lb before the concrete would break if the concrete was not installed on solid ground. Because sidewalks are installed on solid ground, the force required to break the slab on a vertical axis would be near the compression strength of 576,000 lb. Calculation: 48in 2 (435lb/in 2 ) = 20,880lb Where: 1 1 X 4 cross sectional area = 48in 2 Concrete flexural strength = 435lb/in 2 Flexural Strength Comparison D-1 D-2 D-3 Concrete 1 Solid Ground 1 Plastic 1 The vertical break axis Plastic s typical Flexural Strength is 29,300psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the 0.185 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 65,046 lb before the plastic detectable warning would break. This is because the force only acts on 2.22in 2. Note that the Plastic detectable warning does not get the benefit of the concrete or the solid ground because of the trapped air. 1 Hi Tech Concrete 1 F0 applied F0 applied F0 applied Calculation: 0.185*12 = 2.22in 2 2.22in 2 (29,300lb/in2) =65,046lb Where: Plastic thickness avg = 0.185 Plastic flexural strength = 29,300lb/in 2 The vertical break axis Hi Tech Concrete s typical Flexural Strength is 2,500psi. If a uniform force F 0 was applied to the.65 by 1 cross sectional area, it would take 36,987lb before the Hi Tech Concrete detectable warning and the concrete would break. Because sidewalks are installed on solid ground, the force required to break the slab with a Hi Tech Concrete detectable warning on a vertical axis would be near the compression strength of 576,000lb. Calculation: 0.65 x 12 = 7.8in 2 7.8in 2 (2,500lb/in 2 ) =19,500lb 19,500lb +( (3.35*12)*435) = 36,987lb Where: 0.65 X 1 cross sectional area = 7.8in 2 Hi Tech Concrete flexural strength = 2,500lb/in 2

ASTM Test Data for Hi Tech Concrete Truncated Dome Tiles Property Test Method Result Compressive ASTM C 39-04 16,300 psi Abrasion Test ASTM C 418 <0.03cm³/cm² Water Absorption ASTM C 140-04 <0.25% Freeze Thaw ASTM C 1262 =0.00% Slip Resistance ASTM C 1028 >1.15 (Dry); >0.90 (Wet) Tensile Strength ASTM C 496 >2,650 psi Flexural Yield ASTM C 947-03 >2,500 psi Flexural Ultimate ASTM C 947-03 >2,550psi

ASTM Comparison: Brick-Paver, Standard Concrete and Hi Tech Concrete Properties Paver (Brick) Standard Concrete Hi Tech Concrete C 39-04 Compression Strength 3,000 psi 3,500 psi >16,300 psi C 418 Abrasion > 1 cm 3 /cm 2 > 0.5 cm 3 /cm 2 <0.03 cm 3 /cm 2 C 140 Water Absorption 5% 3% <0.25% C 1262 Freeze Thaw (500 Cycles) Fail Fail Pass (0%) C 1028 Slip Resistance Fa=0.85 Fa=0.85 Fa > 0.90 C 947-03 Flexural Yield 330 psi 380 psi >2,500 psi C 947-04 Flexural Ultimate 340 psi 400 psi >2,550 psi C 496 Tensile Strength 300 psi 350 psi >2,650 psi Availability in Federal Colors NO NO YES High Chemical Resistance NO NO YES Ductility (give and take) NO NO YES Durability LOW LOW HIGH Malleability (perfect domes) LOW LOW HIGH

5 Standard Sizes: 12 x 12 24 x 24 24 x 30 24 x 36 30 x 36 (CA) 5 Natural colors: Yellow Terracotta Charcoal Brown Green Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Sizes & Colors Note: Custom colors are available upon request.

Color: Integral part of the tile (DSA Ref. Manual, 1127B.5.7) and conforming to specified Yellow #33538, Federal Std. 595B. Federal Yellow Standard Sizes: 24 x 24 x 11/16, 24 x 30 x 11/16, 24 x 36 x 11/16, 30 x 36 x 11/16 Spacing between domes: 1.67 nominal Note: Other Federal colors are available upon request.

Proper Installation of Hi-Tech Concrete Detectable Warning Tiles 6

Hi Tech Concrete Anchoring and Protective Covers Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Anchoring Bolt Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Protective Latex Cover Click to the next slide to view install images.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Wet-Set Installation 1 Prepare the area and slope where the detectable warnings will be placed. 2 Install the anchoring bolts into the tile.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Wet-Set Installation 3 Place the tool in the ramp to help outline area where detectable warnings will be placed. 4 Remove ¾ inch of concrete from within the tool.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Wet-Set Installation 5 Remove tool, use a float to level the area where the detectable warnings will be placed. 6 Dampen the back of each tile to aid adhesion of cement mixture.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Wet-Set Installation 7 Apply a minimum 1/8 inch mixture of 3:1:1 ratio of Portland cement, sand and potable water to the back of the tile. 8 Place the tile into the leveled area. Prepare any additional tile(s). Align and set additional tile(s). Press tiles into concrete and level by using a rubber mallet.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Wet-Set Installation 9 Finish surrounding concrete flush with the base of the dome tiles and edge around the tiles with a 1/8 radius edger. Clean any concrete residue off of the tile. 10 Remove protective covering. Installation is complete!

Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Typical Section-Fresh Concrete

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Thin-Set Installation Though tiles can also be installed using a thin-set installation method, wet-set is the recommended method.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Thin-Set Installation Though tiles can also be installed using a thin-set installation method, wet-set is the recommended method.

How are Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Installed? Thin-Set Installation A clean and neat example of a flush thin-set installation.

Hi Tech Concrete Dome Tiles Typical Section-Thin-Set

Program Summary By now you should have gained knowledge and understanding over the following: 1. ADA definition of detectable warnings 2. The reasons for the ADA requirements and the importance of compliance 3. ADA & ADAAG Law and Guidelines 4. What types of detectable warning products are available 5. What Hi Tech Concrete detectable warning tiles are 6. Proper Installation of Hi Tech Concrete Detectable Warning Tiles

Resources 1. ADB - Accessible Design for the Blind www.accessfortheblind.gov 2. ADA and ABA Guidelines July 2004 www.access-board.gov 3. ADA Hotline 1-800-514-0301 4. Department of General Services Division of the State Architect (DSA) www.dsa.ca.gov 5. California Government Code, Section 4460 http://law.onecle.com/california/government/4460.html 6. Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System March 2005 Report for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board of National Academics

Questions For The Next Ten Minutes This concludes the course material. The following ten minutes will be for taking a short exam. You must complete the exam with a 80% or higher in order to receive credit. Please make sure and print your certificates of completion either for AIA/CES, CSI/CEN or for state MCE credit.

Course Handout as a PDF If you would like to save an Adobe PDF copy of this course please click here to access it. Reasons why you might want a copy of this program: To reference the material at a later date. Great way to review the material while you take the test. Note: We recommend you create a folder on your computer and save all of Architect-Forum handouts for future reference.

This continuing education program is sponsored and provided to you due to the professional courtesy of: Understanding ADA Compliance and Guidelines for Detectable Warnings This concludes the continuing education program. Please Thank proceed You to For take the Your exam. Time! StrongGo Industries (LLC) 3296 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, Arizona 85706-5013 USA Phone: (520) 547-3510 Fax: (520) 547-3515 Toll-Free: (866) 439-3216 Email: csd@stronggo.com Web: http://www.stronggo.com/ MRS001 AIA-TW3205-W 2014. The material contained in this continuing education program belongs to TekWay. Questions or concerns about the program content need to be addressed with the program instructor. Powered by 99

Exam Instructions TW3202-W-Test In order for you to get credit for this program you must successfully complete the following short exam. Pass for this exam is 80% or higher. Please make sure and print your certificates of completion either for AIA/CES, CSI/CEN or for state MCE credit. Please print your Certificate of Completion upon successful completion. You can print the certificate from your A-F transcript any time after completion. If your colleagues can benefit from this course, please let them know. Feel free to revisit the Architect-Forum LMS elearning System to take additional courses.

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