LED Lighting and Retrofit Design 0 Marcus Gioe Senior Project Manager Lighting Division an Energy Efficiency Provider Lighting Solar Thermal Systems Capital
Roadmap 1 Lighting Retrofit Process: Audit, Design, & Installation LED Development Timeline Current LED Technology Capabilities Limitations Impact of LEDs on Lighting Retrofit Advantages over existing technologies Disadvantages and challenges Summary
Lighting Retrofit Process: Audit 2 Determine function of existing lighting General Illumination Emergency Lighting Task Lighting & More -Track Lighting -Spot Lights -Recessed Cans -Exterior Floods -Pole Lights
Lighting Retrofit Process: Audit 3 Identify lamp specifications Color Temperature
Lighting Retrofit Process: Audit 4 Record all lamp data- lumen output, wattage, beam angle, expected life, etc. Identify operating pattern- burn hours, cycles per day Obtain accurate count of lamps, fixtures, and locations Establish primary and secondary purposes of retrofit Reduce energy usage / operating expenses Improve light quality Improve fixture appearance Standardize lights and fixtures
Lighting Retrofit: Design 5 Meet required illumination levels
Lighting Retrofit: Design 6 Provide good quality of light Color Rendering Index Incandescent lamps have CRIs of 100 (perfect). Most other lamps will have CRIs at 90 or less Related to, but not the same as, color temperature
Lighting Retrofit: Design 7 Provide return on investment: Efficacy (lumens/watt) Savings = $ kwh watts ROI = Savings First Cost First Cost hours of operation Other factors include utility rebates, maintenance, & upkeep costs
Lighting Retrofit: Design 8 Consider design aesthetics Energy and cost savings can be achieved while also improving the way the lighting actually looks.
Lighting Retrofit: Audit, Design & Installation Summary 9 Lighting Retrofit is comprehensive process Not as simple as just replacing light bulbs Light output, color temperature, CRI, and efficacy are all important parts of the retrofit process High efficacy (lumens/watt) drives potential cost savings Today s LEDs have the best efficacy of any available lighting option, so LED retrofits can maximize cost savings.
LED Development Timeline 10 LEDs commercially developed in the 1960s First generation of LEDs limited to reds, oranges, and yellows High cost, low lumen output, and limited color minimized potential commercial uses
LED Development Timeline 11 By the late 1970s, light output was improved to the point where LEDs could be used in fiber optics In 1994, the invention of high power blue LEDs opened up the possibility of using LEDs for lighting applications Inventors of blue LED received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for their breakthrough
LED Development Timeline 12 In 2007, the Department of Energy offered a $20 million L Prize to anyone who could create an efficient high-quality replacement for the 60W incandescent light bulb Philips claimed the L Prize in 2011 with this LED A-lamp Competition created by L Prize led to commercially viable LED options
Recent LED Developments 13 LED efficacy now exceeds other light sources LED technology reaching maturation quickly. Maximum efficacy for white light is ~300 lumens/watt
Current LED Technology: Capabilities 14 Wide range of color temperatures <2700k (warm, like an incandescent light bulb) >5000k (cool, like daylight ) Improved CRI Incandescent lamps have CRI of 100 (perfect) Newer LEDs have CRI between 85 & 95 Wide selection of retrofit lamps and fixtures available Lamps with any base, plug, or prong Retrofit kits for existing fixtures Replacement fixtures with integrated LEDs
Current LED Technology: Advantages 15 Highest efficacy (lumens per watt) option No mercury like CFLs and fluorescents Longer expected burn life than CFLs or incandescent Instant on/off CFLs can take time to reach full brightness Less impacted by rapid cycling and cold temperatures Lower heat output lower HVAC costs Cost competitive over entire lifecycle
Current LED Technology: Limitations 16 Issues with dimming systems More complicated electronics make even some dimming LEDs incompatible with many older dimmers LEDs will flicker, turn off at low dimming levels, or not turn on following dimming Larger dimming circuits (like ballrooms and conference rooms) on professional dimming equipment more likely to be impacted
Current LED Technology: Limitations 17 Heat generation can be an issue Large heat sinks needed Not all bulbs can be used in enclosed fixtures Many LEDs not rated for outdoor use
Current LED Technology: Limitations 18 LED light not as diffuse as traditional lighting sources Result can be a noticeable demarcation between illuminated and dark areas Exterior lighting, in particular, can look different from traditional light sources
Current LED Technology: Limitations 19 LED bulbs can have different dimensions from traditional counterparts Need for heatsinks and incorporated electronics can result in shading and other issues
Current LED Technology: Limitations 20 LEDs are point-source light emitters Appearance of LED-versions of non point-source lights (like tubes) can be impacted
Current LED Technology: Disadvantages 21 Higher up-front cost Large variance in terms of quality of manufacture Many companies trying to enter LED market Quality varies even within same company Technology not mature Current state-of-the-art will be obsolete soon Product turnover, even with mature companies, is significant
LEDs and Lighting Retrofit 22 Large number of LED lamps available allow almost any existing lamp to be retrofitted to LED Retrofit kits and LED fixtures can replace most fixtures where a lamp-for-lamp replacement is not possible or not desired
LEDs and Lighting Retrofit 23 Lower heat generation reduces HVAC costs Longer expected lifecycle reduces maintenance costs LEDs work extremely well for exit signs and pole lights
LED-Specific Challenges for Lighting Retrofit 24 Higher up-front cost means larger initial investment Longer run-hours required to justify retrofit Trouble fixtures have a higher cost to maintain Unexpected lamp failures due to poor wiring, power surges, or gremlins will still occur
LED-Specific Challenges for Lighting Retrofit 25 Long-term upkeep of kits and fixtures can be an issue Obtaining replacements for integrated fixtures or kits not as simple as getting lamp replacements Specialty fixtures with secondary power supplies or emergency ballasts can be costly and/or challenging to retrofit
LED Retrofit Summary 26 Retrofit process is more than just changing light bulbs LED technology is mature enough to provide alternatives for most any fixture or lamp LEDs do still have limitations LED manufacturing quality can be an issue LEDs are a large and growing part of lighting retrofit, but are not the only solution