London 2012 Learning Legacy Non Potable Water Dennis King, Buro Happold London 2012 Olympic Delivery Authority

London 2012 Learning Legacy Non Potable Water Dennis King, Buro Happold London 2012 Olympic Delivery Authority

Total Water Demand [Ml] Water Target To reduce water consumption in permanent venues and non-residential buildings by 40 per cent when compared with current industry standards Target applied Park-Wide and as a whole-life total Water Efficiency: 30% Alternative water supply: 10% 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 Reduced Baseline 2,000 1,000 - Games Time Legacy

Whole Life Water Footprint [Ml] Water Strategy All venues with water efficient fittings Highly efficient irrigation (66% improvement) Total efficiency 20% Rainwater Harvesting - Velodrome - Handball Arena Backwash recycling Aquatics Centre Old Ford Water Recycling Plant Alternative water supply: 40% Total reduction: 60% 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 - Baseline Demand Reduced Demand Reduced & Substituted Demand

Why Wastewater Recycling? Superior water quality from MBR treatment... The Energy Centre Conflict of interest between groundwater and Thames Waters drought resilience supply Carbon balance favoured wastewater, and a comparison to Desalination was also made Much needed research in this area BedZed : 25 m 3 /day Olympic Park: 500 m 3 /day Constant and consistent supply from the Northern Outfall Sewer.

Overview EPANET Modelling: BLACKWATER Distribution Network Supplying the Core Demands including CCHP and Athletes Village Optimisation (SK-OAP-UW-ZZZ-OLP-ZZZ-X-0018 Rev00) P1 Optimisation: Ductile Iron 80mm dia. (75mm internal dia.) pipe Acceptable range of maximum flows in 80mm dia. pipe: 0.1-0.6 Ml/day P1 P3 Optimisation: Polyethylene 32mm dia. (26mm internal dia.) pipe Defining capacity - Should we meet the demands of : Target Olympic Park Long term Legacy community Acceptable range of maximum flows in 32mm dia. pipe: 0.01 0.07 Ml/day P3 P5b Optimisation: Polyethylene 32mm dia. (26mm internal dia.) pipe Acceptable range of maximum flows in 32mm dia. pipe: 0.01 0.07 Ml/day P5a P2 P4 P5b P5a Optimisation: Polyethylene 50mm dia. (40mm internal dia.) pipe Acceptable range of maximum flows in 50mm dia. pipe: 0.03 0.17 Ml/day P6 P7a P7a Optimisation: Polyethylene 50mm dia. (40mm internal dia.) pipe P8 Acceptable range of maximum flows in 50mm dia. pipe: 0.03 0.17 Ml/day Optimisation: Polyethylene 63mm dia. (51mm internal dia.) pipe Acceptable range of maximum flows in 63 mm dia. pipe: 0.05 0.3 Ml/day P8 P7b P9 P7b Optimisation: Polyethylene 32mm dia. (26mm internal dia.) pipe Acceptable range of maximum flows in 32mm dia. pipe: 0.01 0.07 Ml/day Legend

Potential Customers and Usages Customers Athletes Village Primary Foul Sewer Eton Manor Velopark MPC Handball Energy Centre Stadium Uses Irrigation (landscape & Field of Play) Toilet flushing Primary Foul Sewer sweetening Rainwater Harvesting top up Stilling Pond top up CCHP process water

Non-Potable Water Demand Assessments (Ml/day) Customer Use Games Legacy Peak Average Peak Average Zone 9 Athlete s Village Top up to Athlete Village Stilling Pond 0.203 0.071 0.104 0.036 Zone 7 Eton Manor Toilet Flushing & Legacy FoP Irrigation 0.010 0.010 0.158 0.028 L&PR North Park Irrigation 0.108 0.083 0.018 0.012 Zone 6 L&PR North Park Irrigation 0.150 0.116 0.025 0.016 L&PR North Park Irrigation 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 Primary Foul PFD Flushing 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.043 Velopark Rainwater Harvesting Top-Up 0.040 0.004 0.060 0.003 Zone 5 Handball Rainwater Harvesting Top-Up 0.061 0.009 0.022 0.004 MPC Toilet Flushing 0.076 0.076 0.076 0.076 L&PR North Park Irrigation 0.120 0.092 0.020 0.013 Zone 4 L&PR South Park Irrigation 0.072 0.055 0.012 0.008 Energy Centre CCHP Process Water 0.248 0.248 0.248 0.248 Zone 3 Stadium Irrigation & Field of Play Irrigation 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 Zone 2 L&PR South Park Irrigation 0.180 0.139 0.030 0.020

Non-Potable Water Network 3.6km of 32-180mm pipe work Network Games capacity c.1.37mld Network Legacy c.0.57mld Water Recycling Plant designed to 0.57Mld Energy efficient per m cubed Games demand Storage tanks Agreed deviations to adoptable requirements

Non Potable Water Network Network designed and constructed by ODA under a self lay agreement Thames Water Approved design Supervised construction Adopted the network Water Supply Regulations Schedule 2 item 14 (1) Any water fitting conveying (a) rain water, recycled water or any fluid other than water supplied by a water undertaker; or (b) any fluid that is not wholesome water; shall be clearly identified so as to be easily distinguished from any supply pipe or distributing pipe

Non Potable Water Network Adoptable requirements PE black with longitudinal green stripes Reverse turn Colour fittings Minimise # of Washouts and Hydrants Marker tape Labelling Velocity range 0.2-2 m/s Pressure range 2.5-10 bar

Non Potable Water Quality No applicable UK standards Water quality parameters were developed based on US Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines for Unrestricted Urban Reuse and UK drinking water standards USEPA guideline 'Urban Re-use' as per Table 4-13 (Including all recommendations, recommended limits (Table 2-7, using long term use limits where a distinction is made) and reliability (section 3.4.3)) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guidelines for Water Reuse, EPA/625/R-04/108 September 2004 for non-potable water Urban Re-use All types of landscape irrigation (e.g. golf courses, parks, cemeteries) also vehicle washing, toilet flushing, use in fire protection systems, commercial air conditioners and other uses with similar access or exposure to water.

USEPA Guideline Water Quality Requirements Parameter USEPA Unit Aluminium 5 mg/l Arsenic 0.1 mg/l Beryllium 0.1 mg/l BOD <=10 mg/l Boron 0.75 mg/l Cadmium 0.01 mg/l Chlorine 1mg/l after 30 minutes contact time. Chorine >0.5mg/l <1mg/l in distribution mg/l mg/l Chromium 0.1 mg/l Cobalt 0.05 mg/l Colour Clear Copper 0.2 mg/l Faecal Coliform 0 No./100ml Fluoride 1 mg/l Parameter USEPA Unit Iron 5 mg/l Fe Lead 5 mg/l Lithium 2.5 mg/l Manganese 0.2 mg/l Molybdenum 0.01 mg/l Nickel 0.2 mg/l Odour Pathogens Viable Odourless none ph 6.0-9 Selenium 0.02 mg/l TDS 500-2000 mg/l TSS 5 mg/l TSS Turbidity <=2 NTU Turbidity 5 max at inlet to contact tank NTU Vanadium 0.1 mg/l Zinc 2 mg/l

USEPA Guideline Water Quality Requirements Parameter USEPA Unit Aluminium 5 mg/l Arsenic 0.1 mg/l Beryllium 0.1 mg/l BOD <=10 mg/l Boron 0.75 mg/l Cadmium 0.01 mg/l Chlorine 1mg/l after 30 minutes contact time. Chorine >0.5mg/l <1mg/l in distribution mg/l mg/l Chromium 0.1 mg/l Cobalt 0.05 mg/l Colour Clear Copper 0.2 mg/l Faecal Coliform 0 No./100ml Fluoride 1 mg/l Parameter USEPA Unit Iron 5 mg/l Fe Lead 5 mg/l Lithium 2.5 mg/l Manganese 0.2 mg/l Molybdenum 0.01 mg/l Nickel 0.2 mg/l Odour Pathogens Viable Odourless none ph 6.0-9 Selenium 0.02 mg/l TDS 500-2000 mg/l TSS 5 mg/l TSS Turbidity <=2 NTU Turbidity 5 max at inlet to contact tank NTU Vanadium 0.1 mg/l Zinc 2 mg/l

USEPA Guideline Water Quality Requirements USEPA Water Quality Parameters, where UK Drinking Water Standards take precedence Parameter USEPA UK DWS Unit Comment Boron 0.75 1 mg/l UK Drinking Water Standards take precedence Copper 0.2 2 mg/l UK Drinking Water Standards take precedence Zinc 2 5 mg/l UK Drinking Water Standards take precedence USEPA Water Quality Parameters, with deviations Parameter USEPA TW Offer Unit Comment Faecal Coliform 14 n/a No./100ml TW measure E-Coli as a surrogate for Faecal Coliforms. MEDIAN values for the last 7 days for which analysis have been completed to be zero per 100 ml and not to exceed 10/100 ml in any one sample Fluoride 1 15 Mg/l Limited data on influent water quality for this parameter Pathogens Viable none n/a n/a Indeterminate 0 per 100 ml Total and Faecal Coliforms Enhanced USEPA Water Quality Parameters Parameter Level TW Offer Unit Comment Iron 5 1 Mg/l Fe USEPA 5mg/l, DWS 0.2mg/l MBR plant & filters should remove iron to 0.3mg/l

Additional Water Quality Requirements Parameter Level Unit Bicarbonate/ Alkalinity 500 mg/l CaCO3 Calcium 250 mg/l Ca Chloride 250 mg/l Cl Conductivity 1000 us/cm Cryptosporidium <1 No./10l Hardness 450 mg/l CaCO3 Magnesium 50 mg/l Mg Phosphorus 2.5 mg/l P Reactive Silica 25 mg/l SO3 RSC 1.25 meq/l SAR 3 meq/l Sodium 200 mg/l Na Sulphate 250 mg/l SO3 Sulphide 0.05 mg/l S Total Coliforms 0 No./100ml Total Nitrogen 30 mg/l as N

Location of the Plant Required footprint of 1000m 2 Good access for connection to the Olympic Park nonpotable water network Within close proximity to the Northern Outfall Sewer Town Planning consideration

Location of the Plant Old Ford site: Land owned by Thames Water and OPLC Close proximity to the Northern Outfall Sewer Designated as an area of green space and a Site of Nature Conservation Importance (SNCI) Provision of a bio-diverse green roof and additional landscaping and ecological habitats

Water Recycling Facility ODA & Thames Water jointly funded the Water Recycling Treatment Plant Project Scope - Design, construction and operation of the complete system (sewer mining, treatment and distribution) - Liaison with stakeholders (OFWAT, EA, DWI, HPA) - Advice to end users Water Recycling Treatment Plant procured using Thames Water EU approved procurement procedure for design and construct contracts Water Recycling Treatment Plant operated by Thames Water - 7 year Research and Development Project could potentially result in long-term ownership, subject to the outcome of the research and development project.

Old Ford Water Recycling Facility Artist s Impression of Treatment Plant

How it Works Northern Outfall Sewer (Greenway) Membrane bioreactor Biological treatment Membrane separation step P removal dosing potable back-up tank x2 Pre-treatment: - 2 Pumping stations - 2 septic tanks screen Pre-treatment septic tanks (x2) 1 mm screens (x2) 3mm e Membran bioreactor Post-Treatment: - GAC: Granular activated carbon filtration - Cl 2 : Chlorination x2 Post-treatment Granular activated carbon (x2) Chlorination 21 DRAFT REPRESENTATION

Lessons Learnt There is a need to establish UK water quality standards for water reuse Public perception, there is a need to educate people about the issues associated with water reuse from the technologies available, the economic position the potential uses of for recycled and the safety implications and limitations Key risk is cross connection between potable and non potable water systems Plant performance/energy and chemical optimisation A holistic understanding of the true cost of water recycling is required Regulation/Legislation/Governance

Successes Developed Adoptable Standards for the NPW network Agreed bespoke Water Quality parameters Developed Water Safety Plan approach to gain approval from 3 key regulators - Environment Agency - Health Protection Agency - Drinking Water Inspectorate Constructed a WRP facility that was sympathetic to its surroundings Largest community wastewater recycling scheme in the UK

Old Ford Water Recycling Facility This technology is ahead of legislation and standards This project is likely to be used as a template for future reuse facilities

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