MFA Case Studies for Industries Paul H. Brunner Vienna University of Technology Institute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management http://www.iwa.tuwien.ac.at t i t P.H. Brunner 1/25
MFA for strategic resource management in the iron industry 0,8 11 7 0,8 primary production 2 consumpt d ti 4 3 1 waste 344 44 production 6 0,3 2,7 magmnt pedo-/ lithosphere 140* 4 1,5 other disposal 350 300 250 geogenic iron reserve 350 300 anthropogenic iron stock 250 344 200 150 100 140 200 150 100 194 50 40 0 0 2000 2050 2100 50 0 44 2000 2050 2100 P.H. Brunner 2/25
MFA for strategic resources management: P and N [kg phosphorous/c.a] systems boundaries: national boundary/2000 food 4 agriculture 1 0,4 processing private household 3 0,6 0,4 agricultural losses and wastes food processing wastes sewage and MSW P.H. Brunner 3/25
Total nitrogen flow due to nutrition [kg nitrogen/c.a] systems boundaries: national boundary/2000 food 16 agriculture 8 3.7 processing private household 8 4.3 3.7 agricultural losses and wastes food processing wastes sewage and MSW P.H. Brunner 4/25
Setting priorities for resource management by MFA respiration transpiration 700 0 mass [kg/c.a] phosphorus [g/c.a] food human body 430 kitchen 1700 50 100 450 270 feces urine garbage 100 40 sewage 400 20 sewering system 900 390 to STP to MSW treatment P.H. Brunner 5/25
MFA reveals: urine >> feces > rest respiration transpiration 700 110 mass [kg/c.a] nitrogen [g/c.a] food 1700 human body 3700 kitchen 50 490 450 2600 feces urine garbage 100 300 sewage 400 200 sewering system 900 3290 to STP to MSW treatment P.H. Brunner 6/25
Opportunities for industries 1. New technologies based on MFA : No-mix toilets to recycle nutrients 2. Reconsider sewer as a nutrient collection system: sewer -> wwtp -> sludge incineration i -> ash extraction ti -> >P-reuse P.H. Brunner 7/25
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment P.H. Brunner 8/25
Sources of fossile carbon in waste P.H. Brunner 9/25
No additional measurements needed to determine fossil CO 2 P.H. Brunner 10/25
Results: 1 ton of CO 2 ~ 15-20.- CO 2 - Emissions Energy sources ssions s/year] CO 2 -Emi [kilo tons 100.000 80.000 60.000000 40.000 81,9 ±3,9 72,7 ±3,1 52.9% 47.1% Fossil fuels (plastics) 52.7±2.0% Auxiliary fuels (fuel oil, natural gas) 0,8% Biomass (Paper,..) 46.5±2.0% 20.000 0 biogenici fossil Johann Fellner P.H. Brunner 11/25
MFA to cut costs from railway maintenance P.H. Brunner 12/25
The problem: too much Copper in gravel from railroad Cu-c content [mg/kg] Quality criteria: landfill ordinance recycling geogenic Cu time [t] P.H. Brunner 13/25
The method: MFA of Cu in track ballast P.H. Brunner 14/25
Result: brake system and contact line as main anthropogenic sources 1.8 kg/y +1.9 kg/y P.H. Brunner 15/25
Solution: new material for brake pads, contact line (?), and low Cu gravel Cu-c content [mg/kg] Quality criteria: landfill ordinance recycling geogenic Cu time [t] P.H. Brunner 16/25
Solution: new material for brake pads, contact line (?), and low Cu gravel Cu-c content [mg/kg] Quality criteria: landfill ordinance recycling geogenic Cu time [t] P.H. Brunner 17/25
Case study: MFA of regional lead flows and stocks lead [t/y] flow 340 stock ~ 1. 000 + 60 export 280 surface water 0.6 consumer goods 7 used cars household 1.6 atmos- phere 0.6 0.5 0.5 forest soil agricult. soil urban area 150+0.6 240+0.9 30+0.2 0.05 0.15 0.2 river 0.14 WWTP 0.9 sewer 0.6 0.45 0.3 landfill ~600+60 60 industry surface water 2 filter residue and construction iron >270 >330 regional boundary MSW 5.6 P.H. Brunner 18/25
Case study: MFA of regional lead flows and stocks landfill landfill ~600+60 flue gas car manufacturer 60 car 330 270 shredder ~0 iron smelter iron product ~3 270 filter dust P.H. Brunner 19/25
MFA for env. protection and resource management lead [t/y] flow 340 stock ~ 1. 000 + 60 export 280 surface water 0.6 consumer goods 7 used cars household 1.6 atmos- phere 0.6 0.5 0.5 forest soil agricult. soil urban area 150+0.6 240+0.9 30+0.2 0.05 0.15 0.2 river 0.14 WWTP 0.9 sewer 0.6 0.45 0.3 landfill ~600+60 60 industry surface water 2 filter residue and construction iron >270 >330 regional boundary MSW 5.6 P.H. Brunner 20/25
Thank you P.H. Brunner 21/25