A Decentralised Urban Resource Recovery (DUR 2 ) System
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1 A Decentralised Urban Resource Recovery (DUR 2 ) System presented by J.Y. WANG School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre 24 October, 2012
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3 In contrast, our industrial system functions primarily in a linear fashion: Take Make Waste Take natural capital, structured valuable material, and process it into unusable waste Only 6% of material flow ends up in products
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8 Modern Sewage Services Since 1917 The sewage services started with trickling filter and activated sludge methods started in 1917 and developed in different phases through 1930s, 1960s, and finally completed in 1985.
9 Singapore s Sewage Services for Next 100 Years
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12 The route Five Incineration Plants Since 1979
13 Issues of Current Waste Management The centralized waste management approach is expensive in terms of consumption of water, energy, and infrastructure investment Liquid: activated sludge process (water flushing + aeration + nitrification and de-nitrification + sludge dewatering + ) Solid: collection and transportation (energy consuming) + emissions from incineration and landfilling (land contamination) Subsequent residues disposal (sludge, incineration ash, etc)
14 Sludge chair by Gunnar Aagaard Andersen
15 The DUR 2 Concepts Separation of material streams Separate collection of brown, yellow, and grey water Recovery and reuse of nutrients, purified water, and useful residues (e.g., compost) Minimisation of waste through all those Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, rethink, repair, restore, remediate, and many other Rs) Conversion of recoverd materials to useful resources Biogas to energy Residues to compost or fertizer Others
16 Utilization of A DUR 2 System Cities or towns short of water supply Cities or towns with limted budget for infrastructure Suburbs or new extenstion areas of big cities New decentralized living and working quarters like Resorts or hotel complexes Military camps, student hostols, training centres Living quarters for Industrial estates Green ecocity development
17 Communities as Renewable Resource Recovery Centers (CRP/NRF)
18 A Decentralised Urban Resource Recovery System
19 Advantages Reduction of water consumption Reduction of wastewater treatment cost Recovery of nutrient/fertilizers Recovery of energy (biogas and electricity) Reduction of energy consumption (waste collection and transportation) Reduction of infrastructure investment cost
20 Separation of Brown Water, Yellow Water, and Kitchen Waste Separation toilet I + II Kitchen basin Kitchen waste Garbage grinder Sewer system Separation toilet + Storage tank Storage tank Yellow water Storage tank Brown water Storage tank Kitchen waste Wash basin + Garbage grinder
21 No-mix toilet NTU People s acceptance: A logbook is prepared for users comments. Questionnaire for further assessment.
22 No-mix toilet + Vacuum system Principles: Low water consumption Pressure applied 1L water consumption Pneumatic Operated Flush Button Urine by gravity Pipe diameter 50mm Vacuum Operated Closing Valve Closed system flap valve
23 No-Mix Toilet + Vacuum System (work station)
24 No-Mix Toilet & Vacuum System (prototype)
25 No-Mix Toilet & Vacuum System (technical description) 1. Small flush 2. Urine compartment 3. Concave area 4. S shape urine pipe 5. Urine outlet 6. Toilet pan 7. Water pool 8. Small diameter horizontal pipe 9. Vacuum valve 10.Big flush 11.Dual button 12.Ridge setting
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27 Storage & Ureolysis Reject supernatant from AD system Acid solution Nutrient Recovery & Odor Removal Source- separating urine (low-diluted) Recovery Reactor I Fertilizers Tasks & Aims N-/P-Recovery 1. Optimization of process design; 2. Liquid-solid separation; 3. Quality of obtained fertilizers 4. Energy cost Iron Sources from other Industry waste Recovery Reactor II Supernatants (Micro-pollutants Control) Micro-pollutants & Odor Control 1. Transformation of hormones and pharmaceuticals; 2. Pathogen inactivation process; 3. Biogas, VFAs emission 4. Integrated odor control Drying Fertilizer Fig. 1 Process design for nutrient recovery from urine for CRP project
28 In-vessel Composting Decentralized Community Co-digestion System
29 Communities as Renewable Resource Recovery Centers (CRP/NRF)
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32 In-vessel Composting Decentralized Community Co-digestion and Co-Composting System
33 Waste to Energy
34 Waste to Energy H 2 Wet Gas Meter Low COD Neutral ph CH 4 Wet Gas Meter Biogas Bubble Organic Solid Waste Sludge Granule Acidogenic Reactor (Ra) High COD Low ph Methanogenic Reactor (Rm Rm)
35 Figure 1. Schematic representation of two most common bioelectrochemical waste water treatment systems (a) the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) for producing electricity and (b) the Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) for hydrogen production.
36 Stacking of MFCs MFC MFC2 MFC We achieved 3V electricity output Capacitor discharge to outer equipment - MFC4 + - MFCs charge to Capacitor
37 Summary The DUR2 system is an option to urban sustainable waste management [opportunity] Decentralized urban waste management Separation of different waters (brown, yellow, grey ) and waste Nutrient recovery and odor control Co-digestion of brown water and food waste Co-digestion and co-composting of community waste AD effluent polishing for waste to energy (MEC, fuel cell) Do those Rs around the bin centre of the HDBs Converting communities into resource recovery centers
38 Acknowledgements National Research Foundation of Singapore (NRF-CRP ) National Environment Agency, Jurong Town Corporation, and Housing Development Board (Singapore) Lionapex, SembCorp, and Keppel (Singapore) Technical University of Hamburg and Harborg (Germany) National Chung Kung University (Taiwan) Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) R3C-NEWRI
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40 Japanese Scientist Makes Edible Steaks From Human Feces
41 R3C website: Thank You 41
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