SEEK COMFORT ACHIEVE PERFORMANCE Z SMITH ESKEW+DUMEZ+RIPPLE

BEAUTY COMFORT PERFORMANCE

WE MEASURE EVERYTHING

WE MUST BE GENIUSES Net EUI: 3kBtu/SF/yr Regional average: 42 kbtu/sq.ft.

WE MUST BE IDIOTS ENERGY DATA kbtus/sq.ft. 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 ELECTRICITY USED ELECTRICITY PRODUCED GAS Net EUI: 61kBtu/SF/yr Regional average: 42 kbtu/sq.ft.

IT MUST BE THE OCCUPANTS

PREDICTION VS. PERFORMANCE r 2 = 0.33? Why is the correlation so poor? The suspects: 1. Architect 2. Engineer 3. Energy modeler 4. Contractor 5. Building operations staff 6. Occupants

!"!#$%&'(!& )#!*+,-!*&./0&1,-'12& Clark Brockman, SERA

THE LONG ROAD TO PERFORMANCE #1 Nancy Foster Florida Keys NOAA Eskew+Dumez+Ripple 1 2 3 4 commission controls mfr energy auditor re-commission 1 2 3 4

THE LONG ROAD TO PERFORMANCE #2 kwh 90,000 Apalachicola NERR Monthly Electrical Use: Predicted & Actual Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Center Eskew+Dumez+Ripple 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Code Min bldg same size Energy Model of design Actual 2010 Actual 2011 Actual 2012 20,000 10,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

THE LONG ROAD TO PERFORMANCE #3 120 Dinwiddie Hall Tulane University Waggonner & Ball 100 80 42% below 42% below Site EUI kbtu/sf/yr 60 18% All Heat 40 Elec Cooling 20 0 Avg U.S. university building (CBECS) Dinwiddie built to current code Dinwiddie model Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

VARIATION AMONG BUILDINGS OF ONE TYPE

VARIATION WITHIN TYPE MUSEUMS

VARIATION DUE TO OPERATION SCHOOLS

VARIATION AMONG OCCUPANTS HOUSING 930 Poydras apartments AIA Gulf States Design Award

BENCHMARKING PERFORMANCE 930 Poydras How good is the building? How good are the occupants? 2003 Benchmark: >large multifamily residential in Southeast US

BUT THE GOAL IS BEST COMFORT AT LEAST ENERGY NCARB Grant (Tulane + EDR) Field Studies to Inform Design of Healthy, High-Performance Buildings $13,000 equipment (T, RH, fc, db, air velocity) New course at Tulane School of Architecture: Buildings, Climate, Comfort Document & interpret!!! objective comfort subjective comfort energy use

BUT THE GOAL IS BEST COMFORT AT LEAST ENERGY 16 student teams per semester Document objective comfort subjective comfort energy use

FIELD STUDIES Old and new buildings State of the art buildings and standard / historic construction

FIELD STUDIES RESULTS THERMAL COMFORT RICHARDSON MEMORIAL ENERGY USE GLOBAL GREEN HOUSES

ANECDOTE & DATA THOUGHTS

Surveying actual occupancy of stacks, study areas, and common areas Eskew+Dumez+Ripple staff working with student teams from the Tulane School of Architecture

Where people are when: Automated & Manual surveys HTML gets 3000 visitors per day but use varies greatly over time-of-day and location

INDIVIDUAL NOTIONS OF COMFORT

UNDERSTANDING THE OCCUPANT

COMFORT? upstairs

COMFORT: THE CANARY IN THE COAL MINE Before: Avg CO 2 levels 1581 ppm High energy use After intervention: Avg CO 2 levels 828 ppm Energy use down

COMFORT: THE CANARY IN THE COAL MINE Transfiguration of the Lord Church Repaired after Katrina

2+)*3*40)*+,&%()&4#*+)5!"#$%$&'#$"()#*+),+#)&-$"#!"#$%&'())*+,&)"(&-"(./#%)0)1

7"85#* '6(*!+, 23/45* '6(*!+,!"##$%& '()*!+, -./%0 '1*!+, -9: ';1*!+,!3"#<:90 ')(*!+, 25$90 '1*!+,!$=0 '>*!+,

!#$)%3*. +,-./.412.3'.819 567./.412!"#$%&$'()#* +,-./..012.3'.410. 567../.410

Church Psychrometrics Temperature

Collecting Data

!"#$!%&''&(&)**+,)-&../

IMPROVING COMFORT LOWER BILLS Electricity use (kwh) Transfiguration of the Lord Church Design / Contractor / Client team 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

EXPERIMENTING ON OURSELVES

DISCOMFORT AS DIAGNOSTIC

!"#$%&'$()&(*+,&)-+./%0$1. 23'4$%)+&(+)-$+!56+.)/7&3+8+9/:1+;<=; Comfort in the EDR Studio July 2012 ><?+8+>;? 6!" $!" 5!" #!" 4!"!" '() *+,- Comfortable.(-/()+012.((1.(13 &!" >@?+8+>>? %!" $!" #!"!" '() *+,- Comfortable.(-/()+012.((1.(13

THE ENEMY

COMFORT & CONTROL HELPING PERFORMANCE

COMFORT IN A CHALLENGING CLIMATE Miami New Orleans San Antonio Charleston Little Rock Atlanta Raleigh Richmond St. Louis Oklahoma City Nashville Louisville Indianapolis Omaha New York Chicago Pittsburg Detroit Minneapolis Boston Phoenix Colorado Springs Albuquerque Las Vegas 0 5 10 15 20 VENTILATION LOAD INDEX (ton-hr/yr/cfm)

MORE CONTROL BETTER COMFORT LESS ENERGY VENTILATION 300 250 200 2 ACH 4 ACH 12 ACH 12 ACH + max fume hood EUI 150 100 Ventilation Energy 50 0 All Other Energy NOBIC with Typical Lab Ventilation NOBIC with Targeted Ventilation Giving occupants control over their lab s ventilation rate cut energy use substantially

COMFORT AS DIAGNOSTIC Hot Warm 5% 5% Cold 10% Cool 5% Comfortable 75% For the most part, quite good except for 1 lab

LONG TERM RELATIONSHIPS