The Current Condition and Development Trend of the Urban Water Supply and Drainage Facilities of China 中国城市供水排水设施现状和发展趋势 Zhendong Li President of China Urban Water Association 中国城镇供水排水协会会长李振东
I. The current condition and development of the urban water supply facilities in China 中国城市供水设施现状和发展 II. The current condition and development of the urban sewage treatment facilities in China 中国城市污水处理设施现状和发展 III. Adhere to the sustainable development strategy of the urban water industry 坚持可持续的城市水业发展战略
I. The current condition and development trend of the urban water supply facilities in China 中国城市供水设施现状和发展
The current nationwide condition of urban water supply (up to 2005) 全国城市供水现状 ( 截至 2005 年 ) Comparing with the year 2000 (%) Overall production capability: 246.6 million cubic meters/ per day 12.91 Total Volume of water supply: 50.14 billion cubic meter 6.91 Water Consumption Population: 326.8 million people 31.73 Daily per capita water consumption: 204.47 litre /per capita, per day -7.06 The length of Water-supply Pipeline: 378.6 thousand kilometers 48.70 Consumption for industrial and commercial purpose: 20.956 billion cubic meters-5.30 Domestic water consumption: 29.184 billion cubic meters 17.81
The Overall Production Capacity of Urban Water Supply (10 thousand cubic meters/per day) 城市供水综合生产能力 ( 万立方米 / 日 ) 25000 24000 23000 22000 21000 20000 19000 18000 17000 16000 15000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total Volume of Water Supply and Domestic Water Consumption (100 million cubic meters/per year) 供水总量和生活用水量 ( 亿立方米 / 年 ) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 供水总量 Total Volume of Water Supply 生活用量 Domestic water Consumption
The Length of Water-supply Pipeline (km) 城市供水管网长度 (km) 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Water Consumption Population (ten thousand people) 用水人口 ( 万人 ) 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Daily Per Capita Water Consumption (liter /per capita, per day) 人均日生活用水量 ( 升 / 人. 日 ) 220 215 210 205 200 195 190 185 180 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Development trend of urban water supply 城市供水发展趋势 1. The growth rate of nationwide water consumption is on the decrease 全国城市用水量的增长趋缓 The annual total volume of water consumption remains almost the same for 10 consecutive years. The industrial water consumption decreases steadily; the growth rate of domestic water consumption is lower than that of the water consumption population 2. The maintenance capacity of the water supply facilities has improved by a large margin 供水设施保障能力大幅度提高 The proportion of water supply to water demand is 1.4:1
3. Surface water will gradually replace ground water 地表水逐步代替地下水 Surface water supply accounts for 75% of the total 4. Public Water Supply dominates 公共供水占主导地位 Public Water Supply accounts for 69.82% of the total and will gradually replace the Self-Provided Water Sources, thus ensuring the water quality.
5. The focus of urban water supply shifts from increasing water supply to improving water quality 城市供水由增加水量转向提高水质 In accordance with the requirements of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water and Environmental Quality Standards for Ground Water, the water quality of water sources should meet the standards from Class I to Class III
According to the requirements of Development Programming of Urban Water Supply Technology in the Year of 2010 and Prospective Goal of the Year of 2020, drinking water quality, based on the city type and its economic development level, should meet the current national domestic drinking water standards while the time limit set for its meeting the Water Quality Standards for Urban Water Supply promulgated by the Ministry of Construction of People s Republic of China are: Municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of the central government or the cities whose per capita GDP are above 5000 US dollars should realize this aim by the end of 2006; Provincial capitals or the cities whose per capita GDP are above 3000 US dollars should realize this aim by the end of 2010; Other cities and towns in the developed areas should realize this aim by the end of 2015
The provisions in the Water Quality Standards for Urban Water Supply promulgated by the Ministry of Construction of People s Republic of China have increased from 35 to 103 The provisions in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality which will be promulgated by the Ministry of Health amount to 108. (Will be promulgated in the near future)
6. Technology advancement contributes to the improvement of water quality 依靠技术进步提高供水水质 Traditional water purification processes: coagulation precipitation filtration disinfection with chlorine, used in a better quality water resources together with strengthened management will basically ensure the attainment of the standard promulgated by the Ministry of Construction Advanced purification processes: given the condition of poorer quality water resources, slightly polluted, with Cryptosporidiosis, Giardia lamblina and Halide formation with chlorine exceeding the standard limit, we need to innovate the traditional water purification processes by introducing advanced purification processes which include: Ozone oxidation, activated carbon absorption and bio pretreatment technique, as well as the membrane technology featuring microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
7. Strengthen the protection of drinking water resources 加强饮用水水源保护 To protect the water resources means protection of mankind and maintenance of social stability. Water crises we face are: Shortage due to the nature of Water Resources and Shortage due to the nature of water quality. Reasons for water quality not up to standard are diversified, but one of the most important reason is the water quality of water resources does not conform to or not completely conform to the requirement of water resources of drinking water. According to the Environmental Condition Communique of China in 2005, among the 411 Cross Section Monitorings of Surface Water of the Seven Water Systems under state control, 59% of which belong to Class IV to V, and the inferior Class V water quality. Given the austere pollution problem of the water resources of drinking water, China has taken measures in many aspects, such as legislation, refurbishment of natural and ecological environment, intensification of water pollution management, money investment, in order to improve urban water environment, protect the water ecosystem, and strengthen the protection of the water quality of drinking water resources.
8. To further the popularization of water supply 进一步提高用水普及率 To attach great importance to the balance between urban and rural areas, and to press ahead with the policy of regional water supply for the purpose of realizing the current state of 91.05% to 98% in the year 2020.
9. To pay much effort to decrease the leakage consumption of pipeline network 大力降低管网漏失耗损 Leakage Control and its Assessment Standard for Urban Water Supply Network promulgated by Ministry of Construction stipulates that the basic percentage of leakage of the water supply enterprises pipeline network should not exceed 12%, and the actual leakage rate rectified in accordance with the assessment standard requires that the actual leakage rate should not exceed 15% or 16%. The nationwide actual leakage rate is about 20%, while that of the average public water supply enterprises is 18%. The country will continue to invest in the reconstruction of the urban pipeline network funded by treasury bonds, and enterprises will strengthen the operation management in order to meet the stipulation of standard promulgated by the Ministry of Construction.
10. To strengthen the management over water safety and set up emergency security system 加强供水安全, 建立应急保障体系 Lesson learned from Song-hua River pollution incident The water pollution incidents have totally amounted to more 70 since 2006 The State Council ordered governments at different levels and water supply enterprises to set up plan for against public emergencies. The Ministry of Construction is now researching to find solution to apply more than 50 organic substances and more than 30 heavy metals to the technologies of absorption, oxidation, deposition and disinfection. China Urban Water Association is compiling the technical treatment brochure for public emergencies in order to meet the demand of emergencies technology for the water supply industry.
The Investment on the Urban Water Supply Facilities during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period reaches 200 billion RMB (22.56 billion in 2005) 十一 五 期间城镇供水设施投资约 2000 亿元 (2005 年完成 225.6 亿元 )
II. The current condition and development of the urban sewage treatment facilities in China 中国城市污水处理设施现状和发展
The current nationwide condition of the urban sewage treatment facilities in China (up to 2005) 全国城市污水处理设施现状 ( 截至 :2005 年 ) Comparing with the year 2000 (%) Sewage drainage: 35.99 billion cubic meters 8.47 Length of Water supply pipeline: 241 thousand kilometers 69.96 Sewage treatment plants: 719 units 68.38 Among which 693 are bio-chemical treatment plants 145.74 Capacity of sewage treatment plants: 57.232 million cubic meters/ per day 165.22 Capacity of bio-chemical treatment plants: 47.891 million cubic meters/per day 224.72 The volume of sewage treatment: 14.149 billion cubic meters/ per year 106.95 Other sewage treatment systems: Sewage treatment capacity: 2.271 million cubic meters/per day - 11.85 Volume of sewage treatment: 4.562 billion cubic meters/per year - 11.11 Total volume of sewage treatment: 18.711 billion cubic meters/per year 64.77 Sewage treatment rate: 51.99% + 17.74(percent point) Among which the centralized sewage treatment rate: 39.31% + 17.07(percent point) The total recycling sewage volume: 195.5 thousand cubic meters 4.60 The recycling rate of sewage: 10.45%
The Annual Sewage Drainage Volume (100 million cubic meter/per year) 污水年排放量 ( 亿立方米 / 年 ) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Length of Water Draign Pipeline (km) 排水管道长度 (km) 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Sewage Treatment Plants 污水处理厂数量 ( 座 ) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plants (10 thousand cubic meters) 污水处理厂处理能力 ( 万立方米 ) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total Volume of Sewage Treatment (10 thousand cubic meters/per year) 污水处理总量 ( 万立方米 / 年 ) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Sewage Treatment Rate (%) 污水处理率 (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
The development of the urban sewage treatment facilities in China 中国城市污水处理设施的发展 1. The pollution treatment in the key drainage basins and areas spurred the construction of the nationwide urban sewage treatment facilities. According to the plans of the 10 key drainage basins and areas approved by the State Council, the total water treatment projects amount to more than 800, sewage treatment capacity is 46 million cubic meters/per day, and the total investment reaches 110 billion RMB.
2. About 150 sewage treatment plants will be built in the related towns along the eastern route of South-to-North water transfer project. The total investment is 15 billion RMB and those plants will be finished by the year 2007. 3. The plan to control the pollution of Song-hua River has been launched, and the total investment for urban sewage treatment project is about 8.5 billion RMB. 4. In the ongoing plans of water pollution control for Yangtze River Delta, Yellow River Delta, Pearl River Delta, a lot of sewage treatment projects for towns and cities will be drawn up.
5. The environmental protection standard requires that the sewage treatment rate should reach 70% by the year 2010. The auxiliary facilities for sewage treatment, the pipeline network; innocuous treatment of sludge; the advanced treatment and the recycling of sewage should be set up.
The total investment on the drainage facilities during the eleventh Five-Year Plan period is expect to reach 250 billion RMB The nationwide actual investment on drainage facilities in 2005 was 36.8 billion RMB Among which 19.14 billion RMB was used for sewage treatment The central government and local government have invested 150 billion RMB for the purpose of water environment treatment and ecological recovery. 十一 五 规划排水设施预计总投资约 2500 亿元 2005 年全国排水设施完成投资额为 368 亿元其中污水处理投资额 191.4 亿元中央和地方政府已经投资 1500 亿元, 用于水环境的治理和生态恢复
The main factors promoting the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities: 促进城市污水处理设施建设的主要因素 : 1. The central government attaches great importance to and supports the construction of environment. Meanwhile, a responsibility system of environment protection was established for local government. 2. The accelerated development of economic speeds up the construction of environmental infrastructures. 3. The guiding trend of treasury bonds investment 4. The implementation of the tollage system for sewage treatment 5. The reform of the mechanism-- multi-investment, market operation and franchise operation. 6. The construction of sewage treatment plants and pipeline networks, with reasonable technological guideline.
III. Adhere to the sustainable development strategy of the urban water industry 坚持可持续的城市水业发展战略
1. To accelerate the legislation and to set up sound laws for water supply; to approve laws concerning drainage and sewage treatment; to promote the healthy development of urban water industry in accordance with law. 加快立法, 完善供水法律, 出台排水及污水处理法律, 依法促进城市水业健康发展
2. To put into effect the guideline of scientific outlook on development and to plan the development of urban water industry in a scientific way 落实科学发展观, 科学规划城市水业发展 1) To scientifically anticipate the urban water demand, to save water resources and to improve the utilization rate 2) to put top priority on pollution treatment; to improve water environment; to recover water ecological environment; to protect water resources; to strengthen the control of key source pollution; to change from the aim of meeting sewage drainage standard to the aim of sewage recycling
3) To save water is the priority; to realize the goal of zero growth of water demand through scientific advancement, industry restructuring and the guidance of economic policy 4) To improve the water quality; to realize the goal of meeting the standard of water quality by pertinently renovating the water processing technology on the basis of the analysis of urban water resources 5) to balance the development between regions; to balance the development between urban and rural areas; to realize scale operation and automatic management; to enhance efficiency, quality, management and service
3. To bring in the market mechanism and to carry forward the reform of water supply and drainage industry. 进一步引入市场机制, 深化供水排水行业改革 We should study and put forward the measures for deepening reform by standing at the height of national development strategy, learning from the previous reform experience and insisting on the public property nature of pubic utilities. We need to bring in the market mechanism, press ahead with the industry reform and to strengthen government supervision instead of blindly stressing the importance of market orientation. Backbone and key industries, esp. urban water supply industry, should always be under the control of stateown enterprises. The government should play the role of macro control. We need to keep and increase values of state-owned assets, to protect the interest of the employees and to enhance the enterprises benefit. We need to realize economic, social and environmental benefits by jointly sharing interest and shouldering risks. We need to combine the effective competition of market with the franchise system of the government by reforming and establishing the franchise mechanism. We should ensure that the general public and our society can enjoy an extensive and high-quality service, in order to ensure public interest and public security.
4. To make progress by relying on scientific advancement 依靠科技进步 We must actively study the advanced technologies from abroad, to make progress by relying on scientific advancement, to readjust industry structure, to develop environment friendly water industries, and to eliminate the enterprises which waste resource, lag behind in technology and pollute the environment. We need to develop recycling economy, to promote independent innovation, to speed up the development and application of high and new technologies, to bring in, digest, absorb the advanced foreign technologies concerning water supply, drainage, sewage treatment and products, to popularize the use of water-saving facilities and apparatus, to meet the demand of building a resource saving and environment friendly society, to pay attention to water saving, energy saving, land saving and the comprehensive utilization of resources, thus pushing forward technological progress.
I wish the 7th International Symposium on Water Supply Technology held in Japan a complete success. China Urban Water Association is willing to carry out friend exchanges and cooperation with counterparts from Japan and other countries. Thank you! 祝第七届水技术国际研讨会取得圆满成功. 中国水协愿意和日本及各国水业界朋友开展友好交流与合作 谢谢!