DESERTEC Clean Power from Deserts A concept for energy security and climate protection for a world with 10 billion people Peter Weissferdt Coordinator W. Africa DESERTEC Foundation Germany /The Gambia
Peter Weissferdt DESERTEC Foundation Born 1942 Dipl. Eng. for Electric Energy Systems Consultant for Renewable Energy Power Projects in The Gambia CONREPP DESERTEC Foundation Coordinator for Gambia-Senegal-Mali Guinea Initiator and Sponsor of Batokunku Windpower Renewable Energy Pioneer in Germany and Europe since more then 25 years, now living in The Gambia at Batokunku 2
In 2050, the world s population will need 3 planets to cover it s demand for resources 3
How can 10 billion people live peacefully together on just one planet? 4
1. By 2050, the global demand for electricity will more than double The world population will grow from 7 to between 9 & 10 billion people. Developing countries will catch up with industrialized states. 2. Simultaneously, a fast and drastic reduction of CO2 is necessary, in order to prevent catastrophic climate change If the earth warms by more than 2 C, tipping points will be reached, and lead to runaway climate change. If we release over 750 billion metric tonnes of additional CO2, it becomes more and more likely that we will pass the 2 C limit. At the current rate of growth, CO2-emissions will breach that 750 bn tonne limit in 25 years.
How long will fossile fuel supply Energy??
The later our emissions peak, the more drastic the necessary reductions in CO 2 Peak in the Year max. reduction rate 3,5% per year 5,3% per year 9,0% per year global emissions in bn. t Emission path for a Budget of 750 bn. t of CO2 Source: Budgetansatz des WBGU year 7
Clean energy is available in abundance! Within 6 hours deserts receive more energy from the sun than humankind consumes within a year.
Clean energy is available in abundance! But only a fraction of these areas would be needed to supply the worlds population with clean energy Today and in the year 2050
The DESERTEC Concept for EU-MENA (Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa)
The DESERTEC Concept for EU-MENA DLR Studies: renewable energy potential in the EU and in MENA Biomass: 1.350 TWh/y Geothermal: 1.100 TWh/y Electricity demand in EU-MENA in the year 2050: 7.500 TWh/y Windpower: 1.950 TWh/y Hydropower: 1.350 TWh/y Solar power: 630.000 TWh/y 11
The DESERTEC Concept for EU-MENA The best sites offer the greatest benefit for climate protection For the same investment, the best sites can produce more clean electricity and therefore replace more conventional power Solar energy especially in the south, wind power in coastal areas, hydropower in the mountains, biomass in fertile central Europe, geothermal as available 12
High-Voltage-DC-Transmission (HVDC) Enables low-loss transmission of electricity over vast distances Only around 3% transmission losses per 1 000 km More public acceptance for HVDC transmission lines as they are narrower than HVAC lines and can be placed underground over large distances 13 Source: ABB
High-Voltage-DC-Transmission (HVDC) Since 1945, more than 130 HVDC-transmission lines have been built Example Yunnan-Guangdong in China: 5000 MW hydropower 1400 km distance 800 kv voltage 14 Source: Siemens
Solar-Thermal Power Plants Concentrated sunlight delivers heat for a steam turbine Parabolic trough Solar tower Quelle: SkyFuel Quelle: Solar Two, DoE 15 Quelle: Novatec Biosol Linear Fresnel Parabolic dish Quelle: Eurodish
Solar-Thermal Power Plants Through heat storage, solar power day and night according to demand In contrast to electricity, heat energy can be stored cost effectively in large amounts with low losses Therefore solar-thermal power plants are baseloadable and dispatchable They can balance out the fluctuations of photovoltaics and windpower Heat storage tank with molten salt (50 MW 7,5h) Source: Solar Millennium 16
Solar-Thermal Power Plants Operating in the Mojave-desert since the 80 s After 25 years, the original mirrors are still working effectively They have survived hail- and sandstorms as well as cyclones Due to improved methods of operation and maintainance, efficiency rates have been improved since operations started source: Siemens 17
DESERTEC Principles for CSP project evaluation Explained using the example of the project Principle 1 TuNur Secure provision and distribution of electricity Principle 2 Social responsibility and economic sustainability Principle 3 Environmental responsibility Criteria Criteria Criteria Dispatchability Minimized down-time Local and national benefit Interconnectivity and grid stability Profound consideration of socio-economic impacts Participation Maximized involvement of local / regional economy Profound consideration of environmental impacts Conservation of rare, threatened or endangered species and habitats Minimized waste production Maximized use of renewable energy Minimized use of water / optimum: neutral water balance. 18
DESERTEC Principles for CSP project evaluation Principle 1: Secure provision and distribution of electricity TuNur Solar Power Project: TuNur is a 2000 MW Concentrating Solarthermal Power (CSP) tower project in Tunisia that will be constructed in several phases, with construction on the first phase expected to begin in 2014. Thanks to heat storage tanks, TuNur can supply dispatchable electricity day and night, providing stability to electricity grids with fluctuating energy sources such as PV and wind power. A subsea HVDC cable will transport the electricity 600 km to a high-capacity interconnection point in Central Italy, North of Rome. From this interconnection point the electricity can be fed into the European grid without encountering bottlenecks. 19
DESERTEC Principles for CSP project evaluation Principle 2: Social responsibility and economic sustainability TuNur Solar Power Project: For the 10bn Euro project up to 60% of the total value-add could be generated locally. The following benefits will be generated throughout the supply chain and life of the project: Specialist Work - Using local partners and management for project development as well as local engineering firms for geo technical and socio impact assessments and feasibility assessment of site etc. New Manufacturing Industries - e.g. Heliostats; circa 825,000 heliostats (flat plate mirrors) are needed for the project and can be manufactured locally Job Creation during Construction - ca. 6 years of construction with up to 1,500 direct jobs will be created with a further 20,000 jobs created indirectly across the whole supply chain Job Creation during Operation - In addition to jobs created during construction there will be over 1,000 long terms jobs created during the 25 years (plus) of the plants operational life Future tax revenues- for local governments 20
DESERTEC Principles for CSP project evaluation Principle 3: Environmental responsibility TuNur Solar Power Project: Supporting the fight against desertification: The TuNur project will be built with barriers against local sand storms, thus aiding the local stabilization of the soil Detailed study highlights the opportunities of contributing towards the efforts to halt the spread of desertification in the region Minimizing water consumption: Dry-cooling of the power blocks lowers water consumption by 90%; it is estimated that TuNur will consume the equivalent water amount of ca. 60 ha of date plantations in the region (there are over 2000 ha of date palm trees) 21
Electricity production scenario for EU and MENA DLR Studies: Clean power from deserts for local demand and export MENA 4500 + 17% RE Europe Electricity [TWh/y] 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 6 times as much 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year Quelle: DLR Studie TRANS-CSP, www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp RE Desalination Export Solar Photovoltaics Wind Geothermal Hydropower Biomass Wave / Tidal CSP Plants Oil / Gas Coal Nuclear Electricity [TWh/y] 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 MENA: Power from deserts mainly for local electricity demand and desalination Europe: Expansion of domestic renewable energies & CO 2 -Capture & Storage Dispatchable desert power complements the European electricity mix, enabling a higher proportion of PV & Wind, thus quickening the shift to a renewable energy supply Year 65% RE 18% Import Solar Photovoltaics Wind Geothermal Hydropower Biomass Wave / Tidal CSP Plants Oil Gas Coal Nuclear 22
Electric Energy can be transfered in to nearly all kind of Energy Requirement Mobility(linear vertical) but no commercial flying!!!! Warmth and-coldnes Light-Illumination Comunication Chemical processes Rotation-(Motor) Without Electric Energy modern civilisations cannot any more survive. Sustainable Electric Energy is the key for Human Beeings future.
Our todays individuel mobility is 100% based on Fossile Fule Energy-how long will that last???
Within the next 30-50 years our individual mobility will change to electric energy what could be the value of this new energy demand?? A todays example :Germany, the largest Economy in Europe What would be the required electric energy demand if all private motor cars in Germany would be operated by electricity?? Registered private cars 46.5 million(2011) In ev. made distance/y and car 13.600 km = 63,61 Billion km Petrol consumption /y 50,89 million m 3 (8 l/100km) Comparable electric energy per m 3 fuel = 4,54 MWh Equivalent electric energy required = 229 TWh Effiency difference Otto-Diesel engine/electric motor-battery 1.7 Do do the same distance with e-cars 134TWH of electric energy would be required. Germanys E-Consumption in 2011 was 610 TWH.To operate only private motor cars with electricity the consumption would rise by 22%
UTOPIA?? For the time beeing..yes BUT: time will come when fossile energy will become too precious to operate motorcars with it. We have to find ways and concepts how to produce this huge demand of additional electric energy NOW The DESERTEC Concept and Mission is one of the solid answers to develope an energy srategy which also considers this future energy demand.
DESERTEC is a Win-Win-Strategy Cooperation between Europe und MENA offers advantages for both Climate protection as carbon emissions are reduced through a global transition to renewables Energy security through a more diverse and sustainable energy supply Fresh water through desalination International security through prevention of resource-related conflicts Socio-economic development for MENA-countries:! Set up of new, future-oriented industries Attracting investment and generating export revenue Transfer of knowledge and technology Increased security through trade 27
Mission of the DESERTEC Foundation: Fast world wide implementation of the DESERTEC-Concept
The DESERTEC Concept Uses all renewable energies where they are at their most abundant anintegrates them into a transnational super grid. It is achievable today, because all technologies are available and reliable. It is a win-win-strategy for all involved parties and it can be implemented worldwide. 29
The DESERTEC Foundation We are a non-profit organisation aiming to shape a sustainable future. Was founded 2009 by the Club of Rome committed private individuals Founders of the DESERTEC Foundation developed the DESERTEC Concept together with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Our mission is the fast global implementation of the DESERTEC Concept to ensure that the earth will be able to support 10 billion people in 2050 30
DESERTEC projects In order to reach this goal, we founded the industrial initiative Dii GmbH for the Mediterranean region. It focuses on four core objectives: Development of a long term roll-out plan for the period up to 2050 Conduction of specific in-depth studies Development of a framework for feasible investments into renewable energy and interconnected grids in EU-MENA Origination of reference projects to prove feasibility 31
DESERTEC projects In 2010, the DESERTEC Foundation launched the DESERTEC University Network as a platform for scientific and academic collaboration. It is committed to developing know-how and implementing study programs related to renewable energies Founding members comprised the DESERTEC Foundation and 18 universities and research facilities from the MENA region. Further universities from Europe have subsequently joined the network. In 2012, the DESERTEC Foundation will launch the DESERTEC Knowledge Platform to facilitate international knowledge sharing and collaboration in the DESERTEC community 32
DESERTEC projects In 2011, we started projects in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt WEREEMa will improve conditions for the rapid development of wind and other renewables in Morocco by: Building capacity in education and research Network studies and wind measurements Pilot projects Economic cooperation RE-Generation MENA aims to equip students in Egypt and Tunisia with the skills to contribute fully to the democratic process by demanding the necessary conditions for the expansion of renewable energies. 33
The DESERTEC Foundation is active globally We are around 20 staff members and regional Network-Coordinators Our work is financed by donations from private individuals and companies 34
Support the DESERTEC Foundation and by doing so the worldwide realization of the DESERTEC Concept: Intensive political work with Ministries, the Arab League and the EU Active public relations measuresvia Website, Social Media and Press Books, Films, editorials around DESERTEC and the energy transition More than 300 international presentations, meetings, talks at schools, universities, congresses, with associations, in companies Initiation of the Dii GmbH, an industrial consortium for the implementation of the DESERTEC Concept in the Mediterranean region The buildup of an international DESERTEC University Network Studies for the implementation of DESERTEC in different regions of the world Support projects together with research facillities to promote and build up renewable energies in the Middle East and Africa 35
Become part of the solution! www.desertec.org Thank you, Peter Weissferdt 36