Building a Smarter Planet Smarter Cities Anything to learn? Kaare Finbak, IBM C&P 2007 IBM Corporation
Agenda What is a City and what is a Smarter City? Which challenges are Cities facing? What are the Cities doing and what are the benefits? The Intelligent Operations Center, an example of an enabling technology Can we learn anything from Smarter Cities?
What is a City? A city is a collection of individuals who have chosen to live and work together in the belief that their combined output will be greater then the sum of their individual outputs Cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, security, transportation and more This proximity greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process 3
What is a Smarter City? A Smarter City is one that can balance its social, commercial and environmental needs while optimizing the resources it has available for the benefit of its citizens Smarter Energy Smarter Energy Smarter Water Smarter City Smarter Public Safety Smarter Transport Smarter Buildings Smarter Telecoms
Which Challenges are the Cities Facing? 1. Performance-wise Efficiency Are cities doing all they can to optimize the use of their assets? Effectiveness Are cities achieving the goals they have laid down for themselves? In 2007 3.3 billion lived in cities By 2040 6.4 billion will live in cities Economic Are cities ensuring that they are delivering value for money? Environmental Can cities understand and minimize their impact on the environment?
Which Challenges are the Cities Facing? 2. Technology-wise Today s cities are based on separate domains with no real ability to be managed as an entire entity City managers have no single place to get real-time status or historical reports of city events Legacy systems are domain specific and are not concerned with the consequences caused on other domains Daily operations of cities generate vast amounts of data from many different sources but cities often lack the ability to visualize and extract meaningful information
Which Challenges are the Cities Facing? 3. Response-wise Many cities responses are based on Contingency Theory. The ability to understand the consequences of certain responses and use predetermined workflows are rare in daily city operations Contingency Theory claims that there is no best way to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation For cities to embrace a positive transformation process, there must be a system in place that can benchmark activities and facilitate improvements
How are the Cities Responding? Organization Integrated Operations Centers Processes Real time monitoring, analysis & decision making Technologies State-of-the-art instrumentation, integration, analytical & decision support technologies Public Safety Education Telecommunications Government Services Transportation Healthcare Energy and Utilities
Example of benefits Leverage information Leverage information across all city agencies and departments Anticipate problems and minimize the impact of disruptions Coordinate resources to respond to issues rapidly and effectively Collect data from a multitude of sources Sensors Citizens Video Agency and utility databases Third parties feeds Aggregate data and normalize for a common view and use of the information Filter information to identify relevant and significant occurrences
Example of benefits Identify problems Leverage information across all city agencies and departments Anticipate problems and minimize the impact of disruptions Coordinate resources to respond to issues rapidly and effectively Visualize KPI s, significant events and alerts, geospatial mappings and external information feeds Analyze information to identify patterns and trends that warrant action Proactively trigger pre defined workflows to speed responsiveness, minimize service disruptions, avert incident escalation and reduce impacts of emergency situations
Example of benefits Coordinate resources Leverage information across all city agencies and departments Anticipate problems and minimize the impact of disruptions Coordinate resources to respond to issues rapidly and effectively Facilitate cross agency decision making and collaboration in order to enhance citizen service delivery Optimize intra agency resource and task scheduling to maximize efficiency and improve service levels Automatically flag event conflicts between city agencies Efficient control and utilization of cross agency resources to reduce the time to resolution of emergency and crisis situations
One Technology Example The Intelligent Operations Center Agency dashboards with KPI reports, trends and analysis of events and domain data Centralized environment for monitoring, planning and organization of responses Drill down to service requests, team members and assets Integrated incident management, reporting and collaboration & communication capabilities Cross agency solution
IO Center Architecture Analytics Predictive Systems Modeling & Simulation City Archives Standards Based Interfaces Domain Specific Interfaces City Governance Policy Intelligent Operations Center Event Rules Gateway Alerts Gateway Semantic Models KPI s Service Bus Gateway Directives Gateway Workflows Gateway Visualization Dashboards Alerts Reports & Analysis Advanced Visual Features Other Feeds: Water Traffic Public Safety Electric Buildings Weather Citizens Health Financials 13
Oper. systems Water Energy IBM Business Intelligence Transport Security Waste C02 emissions ICT Oper. systems IO Center Capabilities 1. Has the ability to extract significant events information from the individual domains and other data sources to act as a central point of domain insight and optimization From To No holistic view Issue :- no holistical view City Department Interconnection and intelligence City City Responsibility Department Department Responsibility Project Project Project Responsibility Task Task Task Responsibility Data Water Energy Transport Security Waste O2 Emissions ICT Data Water Energy Transport Security Waste O2 Emissions ICT Data Infrastructure Infrastructure City Data Infrastructure Infrastructure City
Data Converter IO Center Capabilities 2. Can structure data across domains Many different domain standards A reference model that can be mapped to all 1st Degree Data Sensors Time & Date System Health 2nd Degree Data Weather User Events Maintenance work Intelligent Operations Center Partners Services Engines 3rd Degree Data Alarms & Incidents Analytics
Active Workflows IBM Business Intelligence Event Correlation Detection Event Management Roles & Permissions Executive Operator Automated Emails Mouse over Pop-ups Data drill down Intelligent Operations Center Integrated System Monitoring Click to Action Progress Reporting Data Exporting
Examples of IO Center functionality 1. Events The events captures event data at the infrastructure level and makes it available to an enterprise service bus (ESB) for subscription Business and process rules can be applied to further enhance decision making KPI impact can be determined in near real-time View events
Examples of IO Center functionality 1. Events The events captures event data at the infrastructure level and makes it available to an enterprise service bus (ESB) for subscription Business and process rules can be applied to further enhance decision making KPI impact can be determined in near real-time Update View events
Examples of IO Center functionality 2. Collaboration Instant communication and sharing of information within the Intelligent Operations Center breaks down both inter and intra agency barriers Groups of both managers and subject matter experts (SME) can be created, their situational awareness and status can be determined, and contact can be made to establish status and agree on actions Collaborate across agency barriers
Examples of IO Center functionality 3. Workflows An operator can raise a reported event to an incident and kick-off a predefined workflow to investigate or handle the incident
Examples of IO Center functionality 3. Workflows Operators can via an active workflow access expert systems to validate their decisions and launch email alerts automatically
Examples of IO Center functionality 4. Reporting
Examples of IO Center functionality 4. Reporting
Examples of cities that have implemented Smarter Cities concepts & technologies Rio Stockholm
Can we learn anything from Smarter Cities? Integration of silos Integrated approach Technologies applied Usage of analytic technologies Forecasting What-if scenarios Decision-making Single field approach Multifield & multidiscipline approach OLF, 2005