Carbon Credit Benefits for Agriculture & Allied Sectors Dr. H D Kulkarni Vice President (Plantations) ITC Limited, PSPD Unit: Bhadrachalam, Sarapaka Khammam (Dist), A.P, India Workshop on Capturing the Potential for GHG offsets in Indian agriculture India International Centre, New Delhi July 10, 2012
GHG mitigation - Present scenario 1. Registered CDM Projects Global = 4312 (2150 million CERs) (2150,000,000 CERs) India = 855 (20%) 2. Scopes = 15 3. Scope 14 A/R Global = 39 (0.90 %) India = 7 4. Scope 15 Agriculture Global = 152 (3.52 %) India = 11 5. CERs Issued = 959 million tonne (959765823 CERs) 6. Approved Methodologies by Scope = 234 Scope 1 to 13 = 208 Scope 14 A/R = 20 (8.54 %) Scope 15 Agriculture = 6 (2.56 %)
Characteristic Title AR-AM0001 (China) Facilitating Reforestation for Guangxi, Watershed management in Pearl River Basin Methodology Comparison AR-AM0002 (Moldova) Moldova Soil Conservation Project AR-AM0003 (Albania) Assisted Natural Regeneration f Degraded lands Size (ha) 4000 14949 5728 2600 CO2 Removal 33 132 21 27 (Kt/Yr ) Applicability Carbon pools Project Scenario Project Emissions Leakage Reforestation of Degraded land Reforestation of Degraded lands through AR Planting of trees in degraded land, Assisted natural regeneration, grazing control AR-AM0004 (Honduras) Reforestation around Pico Bonito National Park AR of land currently under agriculture use R A AR AR Degraded and degrading lands, Degraded and degrading Assisted natural Regeneration Afforestation few pre existing trees allowed lands Agri activities (intercrop) nil Living biomass only Land remains abandoned and degraded Forest Plantation Fossil fuel consumption Fertilization Biomass burning Fossil fuel consumption - - Agri activities (intercrop) nil All five (AGB, BGB, SOC, Litter, Deadwood) Land remains abandoned and degraded Forest Plantation Fossil fuel consumption Fertilization Biomass burning Fossil fuel consumption - - Other - Use of CO2 fix allowed for ex ante estimations Pre project grazing and fuel wood collection Living biomass only Land remains used for grazing & / or fuel wood collection Forest Plantation & Natural Regeneration Fossil fuel consumption Fertilization Biomass burning Fossil fuel consumption Wood posts for fencing Activity displacement (grazing & fuel wood collection) Pre project grazing, fuel wood collection and agricultural activities Living biomass only Land remains used for grazing, agri activities & fuel wood collection Forest Plantation & Agro forestry Fossil fuel consumption Fertilization Biomass burning Fossil fuel consumption Wood posts for fencing Activity displacement (grazing, Agri activities & fuel wood collection) - -
GHG mitigation through CDM Indian Agriculture Projects
GHG mitigation through CDM Indian A/R Projects
CDM activities in India Afforestation and Reforestation (A/R) Projects: C - sequestration projects is a win-win-situation from the point of view of climate change It is estimated that if 30 Mn ha of degraded forest lands in India, if afforestated will mitigate 3.32 GT carbon in next 50 years (@5.5 tonnes/ha/yr productivity) A possible fund flow opportunity to India. It means annual carbon reduction of 0.072 GT C - sequestration projects help reduce C0 2 foot print of the industry ITC is a Carbon Positive Corporation.
ITC s Social & Farm Forestry Initiative Greening over 1,25,000 hectares Social Contribution Providing Livelihood to poor Tribals and Marginal Farmers Creating 56 million person days of employment Environmental Impact Carbon Sequestration Augmenting Green Cover Top Soil Retention Water Recharge Economic Benefit to ITC A Competitive Source of Pulp-wood for ITC s Paper mill
GHG mitigation through CDM ITC case study salient features - Title: Reforestation of severely degraded landmass in Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh, India under ITC Social Forestry Project - UNFCCC Project No. 2241, Registered on 5 th June 2009 1. Methodology : ARAM 0001 version 5 2. Carbon sink project on 3070.19 ha 3. Starting Date: 14-9-2000 4. Spread over 14 mandals, 193 villages in Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh 5. Beneficiaries = 3398, 6. Species = Eucalyptus 7. Project participants = Mandal Samyakhya and Farmers with ITC 8. Land Eligibility = NRSA, GPS demarcation of plots
Salient features Cont.. 9. Operational Lifetime of the project = 32 years 10. Crediting period = 30 years 11. Rapid Environmental Assessment 12. Research - Case study Baseline, AGB, BGB = IISC, Bangalore 13. Sample plots, Growth data CAI & MAI 14. Operational Manual 15. Monitoring Plan 16. Training manual 17. Total CERs = 1.73 mn, Annual CERs = 57792 18. Project Verification: Completed for issuance of 4 lac CERs 19. CERs issuance by UNFCCC: September 2012
Sl. No Carbon Sink - Mandal wise, year wise Eucalyptus Plantations in Khammam District, Andhra Pradesh Name of the Mandal Year of Plantation Establishment (All figures in ha) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total 1 Aswapuram 12.14 5.86 14.56 32.56 2 Aswaraopeta 52.13 295.45 25.6 138.42 511.59 3 Bhadrachalam 64.61 118.43 140.97 188.3 32.84 545.15 4 Burgampahad 54.15 74.55 50.3 4.28 15.2 198.47 5 Chandrugonda 12.916 41.63 4.64 59.18 6 Dammapeta 144.8 124.12 111.76 47 148.34 576.02 7 Dummugudem 28.55 28.55 8 Kothagudem 40.31 57.45 30.08 127.84 9 Kukunuru 82.99 75.8 158.79 10 Kunavaram 74.22 74.22 11 Mulakalapally 113.88 231.54 126.54 58.95 530.91 12 Paloncha 65.43 16.09 86.17 40.23 5.68 213.59 13 V R Puram 10.8 10.8 14 Velerupadu 2.52 2.52 Total: 369.29 556.65 971.33 562.42 610.5 3070.19
Number of Land holdings in the project site Sl. No. Name of the Mandal No of Farmers No of Villages Area (ha) 1 Aswapuram 41 7 32.56 2 Aswaraopeta 517 25 511.59 3 Bhadrachalam 641 31 545.15 4 Burgampahad 282 16 198.47 5 Chandrugonda 83 5 59.18 6 Dammapeta 613 34 576.02 7 Dummugudem 33 3 28.55 8 Kothagudem 141 9 127.84 9 Kukunuru 161 11 158.79 10 Kunavaram 80 9 74.22 11 Mulakalapally 488 23 530.91 12 Paloncha 301 16 213.59 13 V R Puram 12 2 10.8 14 Velerapadu 5 2 2.52 Total: 3398 193 3070.19
C stock (tc/ha) C Stock Change under Project Scenario The carbon stock reaches a maximum of 65.42 t/ha during 2013 providing a C increment of 20.19 t/ha which is recurring at every 4 years. 70 65 60 55 Baseline Project 50 45 40 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2035 Baseline 45.33 45.33 45.33 45.33 45.33 45.33 45.33 Project* 42.93 61.83 64.04 65.43 65.02 61.30 61.30 C Increment -2.40 16.50 18.71 20.10 19.69 15.98 15.98 *The C-stock is estimated after deducting emissions from; biomass burning after harvest and fertilizer application
Estimated amount of GHG removals by sink over the crediting period Year Annual estimation of net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks in tonnes of CO 2 e Year Annual estimation of net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks in tonnes of CO 2 e 2001 02 2149 2016 17 857478 2002 03 10932 2017 18 922495 2003 04 36811 2018 19 982633 2004 05 85962 2019 20 1036002 2005 06 151556 2020 21 1100206 2006 07 223938 2021 22 1175855 2007 08 288900 2022 23 1237605 2008 09 349088 2023 24 1300960 2009 10 402533 2024 25 1351172 2010 11 466698 2025 26 1418614 2011 12 542291 2026 27 1490995 2012 13 604087 2027 28 1555956 2013 14 667507 2028 29 1616144 2014 15 717675 2029 30 1669588 2015 16 785051 2030 31 1733753 Total estimated net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks (tonnes of CO 2 e) 1733753 Total number of crediting years 30 Annual average over the crediting period of estimated net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks (tonnes of CO2e) 57792
SOCIAL FORESTRY C-sink
A BARREN LAND FOR CARBON SINK
Developed Land
Beneficiaries Participating in Planting Activities Alignment Pitting & planting Anti termite treatment Fertiliser application
2 Months old Clonal Eucalyptus Plantation
PROPERLY FENCED EUCA PLANTATION BY BENEFICIARY
PLANTATION BEFORE HARVEST IN PALAMADUGU
Additional income to beneficiaries by harvesting their own plantation in lean season
BENEFICIARIES OF PALAMADUGU EXHIBITING THEIR SAVINGS
Climate Change & Agriculture CC affects agriculture and is a risk to food security Croplands, wetlands, pastures and forests play major role in CC If managed unsustainably or destroyed, they emit CO 2 / GHGs If managed sustainably they remove CO 2, store in biomass, soils and products Conservation agriculture, A/R, SFM, avoided deforestation, substitution of fossil fuels by bio-fuels etc mitigate CC
Carbon Dioxide emission in the atmosphere (Tons of carbon/person) 1. Agriculture Emissions (India) = 0.2 TC 2. Global average of carbon emission = 1.2 TC 3. Emission of Carbon (USA) = 5.0 TC
Climate Change & Agriculture Possible Projects for research under Agriculture scope - zero tillage reduce use of machinery /reduce use of fossil fuel - Crop establishment techniques which reduce fertilizers, herbicides, save seeds, reduce production cost, reduce water usage etc will qualify - Microdozing a new technology may also qualify - Productivity improvement (say in case of ITC R&D Productivity of Eucalyptus plantations improved through application of Genetics & silviculture from 6 tons/ha/yr to 25/t/ha/yr)
Climate Change & Agriculture - Shifting cultivation to full time agriculture - Waste stream from agriculture (for energy production) - N 2 O emissions reduction - Methane from animal waste - Fossil fuel consumption in agriculture - There are only 6 Methodologies available as of now. More methodologies are to be written and hence research / case studies are required - Policy: Redd+ initiative is likely to be a forest dept driven initiative. Policy change is required to assign role for private sector in REDD + and JFM
Climate Change & Agriculture * Agriculture CASE STUDY - CO 2 Enrichment research IARI, New Delhi * Effect of CO2 enrichment A. Climatic effect B. Biological effect absorption of longer wave length thermal radiation - CO 2 is a substrate and activator for photosynthetic carbon assimilation and concomitant photo- respiration and determination of stomatal aperture C. Response - crop studies done on temperate crops and research required in tropical and subtropical crops - Research conducted in closed chambers and its effect on large scale field experiment required for replication - Plant response to elevated CO 2 are required to develop genotypes and management practices thereon to withstand elevated CO 2 response
Agriculture & Allied Sectors Research ITC Agro forestry model (wood & Food security. C-Sequestration ) - Reduction in Energy Consumption through efficient equipment employed for irrigation - Mixed species planting enhances C-Sequestration compared to mono species planting - ITC invite and participate in Research projects with IDFC and other collaborators as is done in the past with USAID / IISC case study for Social forestry CDM project
Thank you Carbon Farm on Degraded area