DEEPSEA RO/RO SHIPPING OPERATORS, SHIPS & TRADES

DEEPSEA RO/RO SHIPPING OPERATORS, SHIPS & TRADES Conventional Ro/Ro Ships Vehicle Carriers April 2014 Dynamar B.V. Noorderkade 1G 1823 CJ Alkmaar Tel: +31 72 514 74 00 Fax: +31 72 515 13 97 E mail: info@dynamar.com Web: www.dynamar.com

Contents CONTENTS... 3 List of tables... 5 PREFACE... 8 TOP 15 CONVENTIONAL RO/RO OPERATORS... 13 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOP 15 DEEPSEA CONVENTIONAL RO/RO OPERATORS... 13 The conventional Ro/Ro future... 15 Notes on vessel types... 15 Existing world fleet and orderbook... 16 TOP 15 VEHICLE CARRIER OPERATORS... 17 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOP 15 VEHICLE CARRIER OPERATORS... 18 More and other than cars... 19 Existing world fleet and orderbook... 19 Abundant scrapping... 20 INTRODUCTION TO DEEPSEA RO/RO... 23 DEFINITIONS... 23 Ro/Ro vessels... 23 Ro/Ro cargo... 23 RO/RO CARGO VESSEL TYPES... 24 EARLY DEVELOPMENT... 25 Rail ferries... 25 Vehicle ferries... 25 Landing craft... 26 DEEPSEA DEVELOPMENT... 26 Transatlantic... 26 Australia... 26 Conventional Ro/Ro fleet development 2009/2013... 27 CONVENTIONAL DEEPSEA RO/RO FUTURE... 27 Decline versus growth... 28 Another type of Ro/Ro ship... 28 DEVELOPMENT OF THE VEHICLE CARRIER... 29 PCTC: more than cars alone... 29 Expanded car routes... 30 PCTC breakbulk trades... 31 VEHICLE CARRIER FUTURE... 31 Vehicle Carrier fleet development 2009/2013... 32 RO/RO RELEVANT DATA... 32 Global production of motor vehicles (cars and commercial vehicles)... 32 Deepsea movement of finished cars... 33 Orders after the 2009 collapse... 33 RO/RO LOADING AND DISCHARGING... 35 Ramps... 35 Doors... 37 Inside the Vehicle Carrier... 37 Via the ramp... 38 Conventional Ro/Ro Ship and Vehicle Carrier diagrams... 39 TOP 15 CONVENTIONAL RO/RO OPERATOR PROFILES... 40

ATLANTIC RO RO... 41 The Astrakhan Ro/Ro multipurpose ship... 42 CSAL... 43 BAHRI... 44 CMA CGM... 47 COMBI LIFT... 49 ECL... 50 EGYPTIAN NAVIGATION (ENC)... 53 GRIMALDI NAPLES... 55 ACL Atlantic Container Line... 60 KYOWA SHIPPING COMPANY... 62 MESSINA... 64 MURMANSK SHIPPING... 67 MYANMA FIVE STAR... 69 NORDANA LINE... 71 NYK BULK & PROJECTS... 73 TOKO LINE... 76 WALLENIUS WILHELMSEN (WWL)... 78 CONVENTIONAL RO/RO FLEET ANALYSES... 81 By TEU capacity... 81 By GEAR ability... 82 By RAMP capability... 83 By YEAR (period) of built... 85 Top 15 Conventional Ro/Ro carriers fleet analyses... 86 TOP 15 VEHICLE CARRIER OPERATORS PROFILES... 89 CHINA SHIPPING CAR CARRIER... 90 CIDO CAR CARRIER... 92 CSAV... 94 ECL... 96 SINOECL... 98 FARRELL... 99 GRIMALDI NAPLES... 101 HOEGH AUTOLINERS... 104 HYUNDAI GLOVIS... 108 "K" LINE... 111 KESS... 114 MOL... 116 EML... 119 NISSAN Motor Cars... 121 NEPTUNE LINES... 123 NYK CAR CARRIERS... 125 UECC... 129 SIEM CAR CARRIERS... 132 TOYOFUJI... 134 WALLENIUS WILHELMSEN (WWL)... 137 ARC... 142 EUKOR... 144 VEHICLE CARRIER FLEET ANALYSES... 148 By CEU capacity... 148 By RAMP capability... 149 By YEAR (period) of built... 150

Top 15 Vehicle Carriers fleet analyses... 152 WHERE ARE ALL THESE SHIPS GOING TO?... 155 TRADE LANES, AND THE CARRIERS SERVING THEM... 155 Conventional Ro/Ro ships... 155 Vehicle Carriers... 155 PORTS SERVED BY RO/RO TONNAGE... 157 MARKETS... 159 VEHICLE CARRIER MARKETS REPORTS... 159 2014 Vehicle Carrier Market Outlook... 159 2013 Vehicle Carrier Market... 159 2012 Vehicle Carrier Market... 161 2011 Vehicle Carrier Market... 162 2010 Vehicle Carrier Market... 163 2009 Vehicle Carrier Market... 164 CARGOES CARRIED IN THE RO/RO MODE... 165 APPENDICES... 171 TRADE LANES AND CARRIERS... 172 PORTS SERVED BY RO/RO TONNAGE... 175 CAR PORT STATISTICS... 183 DEEPSEA RO/RO SHIPPING NEWS JANUARY 2010 AUGUST 2014... 185 Conventional Ro/Ro News... 185 Vehicle Carrier Ro/Ro News... 191 Ro/Ro Terminal News... 201 SOURCES... 204 List of tables Top 15 Conventional Ro/Ro Operators (by Dwt) 13 Conventional Ro/Ro fleet Existing worldfleet and orderbook 16 Top 15 Vehicle Carriers by deadweight 17 Top 15 Vehicle Carriers by CEU capacity 17 Vehicle Carrier fleet Existing worldfleet and orderbook (by Dwt & CEU) 20 Annual scrapping of Vehicle Carriers by year of built 21 Conventional Ro/Ro fleet development 2009/2013 27 Vehicle Carrier fleet development 2009/2013 32 Global production of motor vehicles by country 32 Deepsea movement of finished cars 2008/2012 33 Overview of Vehicle Carriers ordered after 2009 33 Atlantic Ro Ro fleet profile 42 Astrakhan main particulars 42 Bahri (NSCSA) Old/New ships comparison 45 Bahri (NSCSA) fleet profile 46 CMA CGM fleet profile 48 Combi Lift fleet profile 49 ECL fleet profile 52 Egyptian Navigation fleet profile 54 Grimaldi/ACL fleet profile 58 ACL Old/New ships comparison 61 Kyowa fleet profile 63 Messina fleet profile 66 Murmansk Shipping fleet profile 68

Myanma Five Star fleet profile 70 Nordana Line fleet profile 72 NYK Bulk & Projects fleet profile 75 Toko Kaiun Kaisha fleet profile 77 WWL (Ro/Ro) fleet profile 80 Conventional Ro/Ro existing fleet analysis by TEU capacity 81 Conventional Ro/Ro on order fleet analysis by TEU capacity 82 Conventional Ro/Ro existing fleet analysis by Gear ability 82 Conventional Ro/Ro on order fleet analysis by Gear ability 83 Conventional Ro/Ro existing fleet analysis by Ramp capability 83 Conventional Ro/Ro on order fleet analysis by Ramp capability 84 Conventional Ro/Ro existing fleet analysis by Age 85 Conventional Ro/Ro on order fleet analysis by Age 85 Top 15 Conventional Ro/Ro carriers' fleet analysis 86 China Shipping CC Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 91 Cido Car Carrier Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 93 ECL Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 97 Farrell Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 100 Grimaldi Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 103 Hoegh Autoliners Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 107 Hyundai Glovis Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 110 "K" Line Corporate Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 113 KESS Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 114 MOL Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 118 EML Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 120 Nissan Motor Cars Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 122 Neptune Lines Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 123 NYK Corporate Car Carriers Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 128 UECC Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 131 SIEM Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 133 Toyofuji Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 135 WWL Vehicle operated Carrier fleet profile 140 WWL Vehicle Carrier corporate fleet profile 141 ARC Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 143 EUKOR Vehicle Carrier fleet profile 147 Vehicle Carrier existing fleet analysis by CEU capacity 149 Vehicle Carrier on order fleet analysis by CEU capacity 149 Vehicle Carrier existing fleet analysis by Ramp capability 150 Vehicle Carrier on order fleet analysis by Ramp capability 150 Vehicle Carrier existing fleet analysis by Age 151 Vehicle Carrier on order fleet analysis by Age 151 Top 15 Vehicle Carrier operators' fleet analysis 152 Trade regions served by Ro/Ro tonnage 157 2009/2014 Demand, Occupancy and Fleet growth of Vehicle Carriers 159 Cargoes carried by Conventional Ro/Ro ships 165 Cargoes carried by Vehicle Carriers 165 Conventional Ro/Ro trade lanes 172 Vehicle Carrier trade lanes 173 Ports worldwide served by Ro/Ro tonnage 175 Car Port Statistics 183

Deepsea RoRo Shipping OPERATORS, SHIPS & TRADES * Conventional Ro/Ro * Vehicle Carriers April 2014 Dynamar B.V. Noorderkade 2c 1823 CJ ALKMAAR Phone: +31 72 514 74 00 Fax: +31 72 515 13 97 info@dynamar.com www.dynamar.com Author & Managing Editor Dirk Visser All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without explicit permission of the publisher. While the information contained in this report is presented in good faith, it frequently involves estimates where no current published data is available. This information, believed to be accurate, can therefore not be guaranteed. The publishers cannot accept liability of any errors or omission.

PREFACE Dynamar is pleased to present a brand new report on a general cargo segment not covered before: Deepsea Ro/Ro Shipping It is a quite unique publication focusing on two different types of ships: Conventional Ro/Ro Vessels, and Vehicle Carriers Among the many features covered, this report offers an introduction to Ro/Ro shipping and Carrier rankings and profiles (corporate background and history, markets and trade lanes, Ro/Ro fleet data) on the 15 largest operators in each segment. Furthermore it contains extensive fleet analyses, while the various chapters provide relevant overviews and discuss and analyse information on trades and ports served, commodities carried, the car market, Ro/Ro in the shipping news, and so on. Summarised contents: Top 15 Conventional Ro/Ro Operators Top 15 Vehicle Carrier Operators Profiles (39) on all top Operators and their affiliates in both segments - Conventional Ro/Ro fleet analyses > by TEU capacity, Gear and Ramp capability, Age, as well as total fleet overviews by deadweight category, TEU capacity, heavy lift capability, ramp capability, decade of built Vehicle Carrier fleet analyses > by CEU capacity, Ramp capability, Age, as well as total fleet overviews by deadweight category, CEU capacity, ramp capability, decade of built Introduction to the Ro/Ro trades: Ro/Ro History, Ships and Concepts Cargo and equipment moving over the ramp Existing world fleet and orderbook Worldwide Car Trades Markets reviews, trade lanes and ports covered 4 year Ro/Ro & Vehicle Carrier shipping news Deepsea Ro/Ro Shipping is one of those specialisations that emerged in the 1960s as an important offshoot from the once one concept fits all general cargo deepsea vessel. This development was actually driven by the high degree of cargo unitisation offered by the container. This brand new report on the subject of Deepsea Ro/Ro Shipping uniquely focuses on two different types of Roll on/roll off ships operating in intercontinental waters: Conventional Ro/Ro Vessels and Vehicle Carriers. They have in common that neither would be what they are without a ramp However, while one segment is bound to contract the other is in the expansion mode. Indeed, the conventional deepsea Ro/Ro vessel fleet has shrunk by 86 units since 2009, constituting a compound average growth rate of minus 6%. In contrast, the Vehicle Carrier armada increased by almost the same number: 85 ships over the same period, despite the fact that nearly 150 such vessels were demolished in 2009/10.

(Deepsea) Conventional Ro/Ro Vessels Among the companies having cut back on operating such ships or left this segment altogether are Delmas, NileDutch, Seaboard Marine and Tropical Shipping. This certainly doesn t mean that there is no investment in the conventional Ro/Ro type of ship anymore. New ships are being built in the both the Ro/Ro multipurpose and the Container Ro/Ro (ConRo) categories. Generally, they are larger (in terms of deadweight) and more productive than their predecessors, which also goes for those units equipped with on board cranes. However, this investment comes from a few operators only. Most of them are part of the Top 15 operators profiled in the report and include Bahri (NSCSA), Grimaldi Naples (itself and subsidiary ACL), Messina and Nordana. Something notable is that these carriers are obviously exerting clear control over the design of their newbuildings. While most of these ships have in common to (have a ramp and) offer substantial space for containers, for the rest they are quite differing from another, as even the small pictures show: ACL Bahri Grimaldi Messina Nordana WWL However, the ultimate future of the Conventional Ro/Ro design may be expected to be in the nongeared Vehicle Carrier lookalike type of ship, such as those operated by WWL (Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics). Vehicle Carriers The large scale export of passenger cars overseas began in the 1950s, but it still took until the mid 1970s before the first Pure Car Carriers (PCC) with full Ro/Ro techniques were launched. The evolution to the PCTC (Pure Car and Truck Carrier) started in the early 1980s. The modern PCTC is a specialist Vehicle Carrier, incorporating multiple decks, in part adjustable for flexible clearance and reinforced to handle the heavier loads. A heavy duty quarter stern ramp, a side ramp and a multitude of internal ramps are designed to speed up cargo handling.

In line with the passenger car consumer markets where low fuel consumption and green are key (sales tools), the modern PCTC is the quintessential ship to incorporate eco friendly and fuel efficient features as well to ensure lowest possible emissions, zero when in the port. Not only the ships, but also their operators have developed into specialists for whom the carriage of cargoes of any kind on wheels is as important to their profitability as are the demanding cars and other rolling stock markets. After the September 2008 failure of Lehman Bros, global car markets collapsed with export volumes from Japan alone falling by 30% in 2009. It caused havoc for the vehicle carrier industry with numerous ships sent into lay up and approaching 150 units scrapped. Only because of a strong orderbook inherited from high economic expectations prior to the crisis, the Vehicle Carrier fleet exceeded the pre crisis number already in 2011 despite the fact that barely any order was placed over 2009/2011. In all, with 776 Vehicle Carriers providing space for total 3.7 million CEU (car equivalent units) at the end of 2013, carrying capacity has overall become tight. At the same time, demand in the US and Europe with their improving economies is increasing, and is further fuelled by China s growing middle class. Ro/Ro cargoes and routes In addition to a ramp, there is something else that Conventional Ro/Ro ships and Vehicle Carriers do share: they both carry cars and High & Heavy, the latter an industry term for such rolling stock as buses, trucks and agricultural machinery, as well as road building and construction equipment. Obviously, there are differences too: passenger automobiles are a Vehicle Carrier s base cargo and therewith decide on the vessels schedule the Conventional Ro/Ro vessel is basically a breakbulk ship extra, and cars is just one of the many different cargoes carried, among which increasingly containers the latter may be geared, the former, by definition, is not The Vehicle Carrier is basically operated in scheduled services, albeit often with a great variance in frequency. This usually also goes for the Conventional Ro/Ro ship although she may incidentally, and depending on the operator, also serve on tramp routes. Cars have grown into a worldwide business, as the service patterns of Vehicle Carriers reflect, leading along more than 330 different ports across the globe. Intercontinental trade lanes served by the Conventional Ro/Ro have come down to six and ports served number just over 200. Deepsea Ro/Ro Shipping is a unique publication focusing on two different types of ships: Conventional Ro/Ro Vessels and Vehicle Carriers, the 15 largest operators in each segment deploying them, the rolling and static cargoes they carry, the trades, routes and markets they serve, and more. All information for this publication has been collected, researched and processed in the last quarter of 2013. Fleet numbers, reflecting the situation at the end of that period, originate from various sources, including IHS Fairplay (former Lloyd s Register of Shipping) and the operating companies themselves. As different sources often offer diverging information on the same topics, we have endeavoured to provide the most accurate estimates.

Much of the company information and relevant data originate from Dynamar s own resources: an unrivalled databank containing corporate, operational, markets and financial information on over 16,000 different companies in the marine industry. Other Dynamar publications with a high content of company and trades information include BREAKBULK III: Operates, Fleets, Markets Dynamar REEFER Analysis: Market structures, Container, Conventional Top 25 Container Liner Operators Operating Profiles. Dirk Visser Dynamar B.V. ALKMAAR/The Netherlands April 2014 Publication statistics (all told) Pages 203 Words 80,700 Tables 73