Germany s Energiewende Current and imminent challenges for the Transmission System Operator in Germany

Germany s Energiewende Current and imminent challenges for the Transmission System Operator in Germany Jens Jacobs Transmission System Operation Brauweiler Budapest, 04 December 2014

Agenda Germany s Energiewende - Framework Transmission System Operation Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching Outlook and Conclusion 2

Far-reaching changes due to the goals of the EU and the German Federal Government EU Completion of the European internal electricity market Integration of renewable energy sources (RES) EU 20-20-20 : -20% energy consumption; -20% greenhouse gas emission; +20% energy efficiency European Legislation Network Codes to guarantee system security and establish harmonized market rules Federal Government Germany Nuclear phase-out till 2022 35% power generation from RES till 2020 (80% till 2050) 40% reduction of greenhouse gases till 2020 (80% till 2050) 20% reduction of primary energy consumption till 2020 (80% till 2050) 3

Germany, quo vadis? Road to Green Revolution 4

Agenda Germany s Energiewende - Framework Transmission System Operation Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching Outlook and Conclusion 5

From power plant to households 380-kV / 220-kV: - large-scale PPs - transits Bahnhof Bahnhof 110-kV: - Industry PPs - Industry - RES Infeed Distribution level: - cutomers - distributed PPs UCI UCI extra high voltage network 380 kv /220 kv high voltage network 110 kv medium voltage network 20 kv low voltage network 0,4 kv Substation Transformer station 6

The Transmission Grid (380/220kV-Grid) The electrical System Transmission Grid Physical Unit (Lines, Transformer, Substation, Power Plant, Consumer Installation, etc.) International meshed system Sensitive real time - System Electrical Energy is not directly storable Production and Consumption have to be balanced at any time The Electrical System is operated in Real time (24h/365d) EU Legislation and National laws (EnWG/EEG) define the Market Rules and the legal framework The Transmission System Operator (TSO) is in charge of security of supply ( 13 EnWG) 7

DSO-Grid Source : Amprion GmbH TSO-Grid Structure of the German electrical power supply Conventional Generation TSO Bulk-Industry 380 kv 220 kv 110 kv Utilities Industry 20/10 kv 380 V Dispersed Generation Households DSO 8

Source: Amprion GmbH Security of Supply: Backbone of Electricity Supply 380/220 kv Network of Amprion Largest transmission system in Germany with a circuit length of approx. 12,000 km at the 380/220 kv level and 165 substations Connects the generation units of the lignite-fired power plants on the lower Rhine with the hydroelectric stations in the Alps: installed capacity of power plants approx. 40 GW Through its central position in Europe, Amprion s transmission system is an important hub for electricity trading between north and south as well as east and west: approx. 4,000 schedule nominations per day Netherlands Belgium Rhineland Palatinate Lower Saxony North Rhine- Westphalia Hesse 380 kv extra high- voltage transmission line 220 kv extra high-voltage transmission line Important switchgear Interconnectors to eight foreign transmission system operators in five countries (NL, L, F, CH, A) enables Amprion to meet the specific transmission requirements of European power traders at an utmost level of transmission reliability France Baden Wuerttemberg Bavaria Amprion s electricity network is part of the European interconnected ENTSO-E system Switzerland Austria 9

Operational Areas of German Transmission System Operators Amprion TenneT 50Hertz Transnet BW Amprion 50Hertz Transmission Network length [km] (380 kv) 5.300 5.800 6.870 1.970 Network length [km] (220 kv) 6.100 5.300 2.870 1.721 Served area [km²]* 73.100 140.000 109.000 34.600 TenneT Annual transmission [TWh] 27 20 18 11 Transnet BW Share load [%]** 35 32 19 14 Source : Amprion GmbH * in Germany ** Renewable Energy Act load compensation 2005 10

Security first: Transmission System Operation Amprion (I) The main control room: system control and system management Tasks for Amprion (TSO Responsibility) Tasks for the German TSOs (National Responsibility) Coordination Center ENTSO-E RG CE North (International Responsibility) 11

Security first: Transmission System Operation Amprion (II) TSO Responsibility system control and system management of the transmission grid 380/220 kv disturbance management congestion management (preventive und curative) planning and acquisition of ancillary services Load-Frequency-Control and managing controlling power range of the Amprion control zone management of Wind and PV and prediction of system load system balancing process technology and data management 12

Security first: Transmission System Operation Amprion (III) Nationale Responsibilities coordination of the power exchange programs between the German TSOs and with foreign TSOs pluralistic Load-Frequency-Control of the German control block national quantity balancing of the German control block 13

Security first: Transmission System Operation Amprion (IV) Internationale Responsibilities international coordination of the power exchange programs RG CE North / South with Swissgrid international quantity balancing of ENTSO-E RG CE North congestion forecast (DACF) Data management and clearance for the ENTSO-E ITC Process Hosting and server operation of process technology for CWE Market Coupling Hosting and server operation of process technology for international security analysis within TSC Security initiative (11 TSOs) Hosting of the Security Service Center (Germany / The Netherlands) 14

Load Frequency Control and Power Balance set point frequency 50 Hz Use of Balancing Power Consumption Production Forecast deviation Load interference Generation loss Forecast deviation (RES) Tripped Load 15

Security of Supply: the (n-1) - Criterion "N-1" CRITERION: Customer Any probable single event leading to a loss of Power System elements (generating set, transmission line, transformer, etc.) should not endanger the security of interconnected operation: TSO 1 TSO 2 Loss of Consumption Interconnected System Stability n-1 Violation of limit values (Current, Voltage, Frequency Deviation) DSO Cascade of Tripping 16

N-1 Security Criterion: Regional Approach Observability area of Amprion responsibility area (Amprion) 165 substations observability area 435 substations Source: Amprion GmbH Dramatic extended data volume for On-line Calculations Load flow Analysis (n-1)-security Calculations 17

The European Interconnected System ENTSO-E Founded 19 December 2008 and fully operational since 1 July 2009 Represents 42 TSOs from 34 countries 525 million citizens served 828 GW generation 305,000 km of transition lines managed by the TSOs 3,400 TWh/year demand 400 TWh/year exchanges 5 synchronous areas Replaces former TSO organisations: ATSOI, BALTSO, ETSO, NORDEL, UCTE, UKTSOA 525 Million Source: ENTSO-E 18

Agenda Germany s Energiewende - Framework Transmission System Operation Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching Outlook and Conclusion 19

Nuclear phase out in Germany, March 2011 Nuclear power plants in Germany Directly Effected power plants Biblis A Neckarwestheim Philippsburg 1 Unterweser Isar 1 Biblis B Brunsbüttel Krümmel Total 1167 MW 645 MW 890 MW 1345 MW 878 MW 1240 MW 771 MW 1345 MW 8 281 MW 20

Nuclear phase out in Germany till 2022 Nuclear power plants in Germany Additional loss of 4000 MW in the South in the next 5 years! 2015: Grafenrheinfeld 2017: Gundremmingen B 2019: Philippsburg 2 2021: Brokdorf Grohnde Gundremmingen C 2022: Emsland Isar 2 Neckarwestheim Total 1275 MW 1284 MW 1402 MW 1410 MW 1360 MW 1288 MW 1329 MW 1410 MW 1310 MW 12.068 MW 21

Generation mix in Germany 2013 Share of renewable energy 23% nuclear power 15% others 5% gas 11% 7,9% wind cole 20% Total 629 Bil. kwh 7,6% biomass renewables 23% 23% 4,5% PV lignite 26% 3,4% hydro RES in Hungary: 7 8% Source: BDEW 01/2014 22 Systemführung Netze Brauweiler 24.03.2014 Amprion

Source: Amprion GmbH Development of Generation Capacity in Germany since 2010 (share of primary energy) 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% Others Gas Renewables Lignite Hard coal Nuclear Total generation in Germany [Bil. kwh]: 2010 605 2011 612 5% 0% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2012 617 2013 629 23

Impacts of Renewable Generation on Grid Security (1) Renewable Generation leads to an inharmonic and unusual power flow in the Grid: In Germany Wind generation is installed in the northern and eastern part of the country High Wind power leads to bulk energy flows from North to South because most industry is concentrated in southern part of Germany 24

Impacts of Renewable Generation on Grid Security (2) Renewable Generation leads to an inharmonic and unusual power flow in the Grid: In Germany PV generation is installed in the southern part of the country High PV power leads to bulk energy flow in DSO grid and from DSO to TSO 25

Source: World Wind Energy Association Top 10 Countries by Total Wind Capacity [MW] 2012 to 2014 (first half) China USA Germany Spain India UK France Italy Canada Denmark 36.488 34.660 31.038 22.970 22.959 22.796 21.262 20.150 18.321 11.180 10.531 8.445 8.592 8.254 7.473 8.586 8.551 8.144 8.526 7.698 6.201 4.855 4.772 4.162 75.324 61.946 61.108 59.882 Hungary: 500 MW (2013) 98.588 91.413 2014 (1st half) 2013 2012 26

Wind Power Development in Germany 3.500 MW 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 Development of Capacity Accummulated Capacity (End of Year) 1.568 1.665 2.659 3.247 2.645 26.387 28.300 24.980 2.037 23.100 1.87121.500 1.880 1.913 1.800 19.700 1.600 18.500 1.357 16.629 14.609 1.200 32.855 30.800 2.500 34.735 2.055 1.880 40.000 MW 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 1.000 500 0 12.061 793 8.754 505 534 428 6.095 309 4.445 155 2.875 42 74 110 193 334 643 1.1371.5462.082 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Source: IWES, TSOs 10.000 5.000 0 27

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Monthly Production of Wind Energy in Germany 2006 to 2014 (1 st half) 8.000 GWh 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* Average 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 2014*: 1 st half 28 Source: Online Extrapolation German TSO

Top 10 Countries by Total PV Capacity [MW] 2011 to 2013 Germany China Italy Japan USA France Spain UK Australia Belgium 6.800 3.300 6.632 4.914 7.328 3.959 4.733 4.090 2.974 4.640 4.538 4.260 3.377 1.831 905 3.226 2.415 1.377 3.009 2.772 2.088 24.858 19.720 18.074 16.454 12.807 13.599 12.079 Hungary: 15 MW (2013) 32.462 35.766 2013 2012 2011 29

PV Development in Germany 10.000 MW 9.000 Development of Capacity Accummulated Capacity (End of Year) 8.654 35.784 37.013 40.000 MW 35.000 8.000 7.000 7.200 31.154 30.000 6.000 5.515 22.500 25.000 5.000 4.630 20.000 4.000 3.806 15.300 15.000 3.000 2.000 9.785 10.000 1.000 5.979 1.229 5.000 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* 0 2014*: 1 st half Source: BNetzA, TSOs 30

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Monthly Production of PV Energy in Germany 2010 to 2014 (1 st half) 6.000 GWh 5.000 4.000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* Average 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 2014*: 1 st half 31 Source: Online Extrapolation German TSO

Jan 10 Feb 10 Mrz 10 Apr 10 Mai 10 Jun 10 Jul 10 Aug 10 Sep 10 Okt 10 Nov 10 Dez 10 Jan 11 Feb 11 Mrz 11 Apr 11 Mai 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Okt 11 Nov 11 Dez 11 Jan 12 Feb 12 Mrz 12 Apr 12 Mai 12 Jun 12 Jun 12 Aug 12 Sep 12 Okt 12 Nov 12 Dez 12 Jan 13 Feb 13 Mrz 13 Apr 13 Mai 13 Jun 13 Jul 13 Aug 13 Sep 13 Okt 13 Nov 13 Dez 13 MW Wind / PV installed capacity in Amprion grid 9.000 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 onshore Wind Solar 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 32

Source : Amprion GmbH Wind Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013) 40.000 40.000 MW 35.000 35.000 Windgeneration D Installed Installiert capacity Wind D max. Wind: 25.741MW approx. 78% of the inst. capacity (05.12.2013, 18:00) PDE 30.000 30.000 25.000 25.000 20.000 20.000 15.000 min. Wind: 126MW approx. 0,4% of the inst. capacity (04.09.2013, 14:00) 15.000 10.000 10.000 5.000 5.000 0 33 0 h-values for 2013

Source : Amprion GmbH 40.000 PV Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013) 35.000 40.000 MW 30.000 35.000 PV PV Dgeneration Installiert Installed PV capacity D PDE 30.000 25.000 max. PV : 23.952MW approx. 72% of the inst. capacity (21.07.2013, 14:00) 25.000 20.000 20.000 15.000 15.000 10.000 10.000 5.000 5.000 0 34 h-values for 2013

Source : Amprion GmbH RES Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (2013) 80.000 80.000 MW 70.000 PDE 60.000 60.000 50.000 50.000 RES generation EE D Installiert Installed EE capacity D Jahres-Mittel Average generation EE max. RES*: 35.768MW Wind: 16.698MW PV: 19.070MW approx. 56% of the inst. capacity (18.04.2013, 13:00) 40.000 40.000 30.000 30.000 20.000 20.000 10.000 min. RES*: 148MW Wind: 148MW PV: 0MW approx. 0,5% of the inst. capacity (17.02.2013, 04:00) 10.000 0 0 35 h-values for 2013

Source : Amprion GmbH RES Energy: Installed Capacity and Production (since 2011) 80.000 MW EE RES D generation Installiert Installed EE capacity D 70.000 Jahres-Mittel Average generation EE PDE 60.000 60.000 50.000 50.000 40.000 40.000 30.000 30.000 min. RES: 148 MW Wind: 148 MW PV: 0 MW approx. 0,5% (17.02.2013) max. RES: 35.768 MW Wind: 16.698 MW PV: 19.070 MW approx. 56% (18.04.2013) 20.000 20.000 10.000 10.000 0 0 2014*: 1 st half 36 h-values

Wind Power Forecast Optimization (1/2) Source : Amprion GmbH Example: 25.05.14 forecast of 26.05.14 total German wind Forecast Combination 37

Wind Power Forecast Optimization (2/2) Source : Amprion GmbH Example: 26.05.14 total German wind Forecast Combination 38

Wind and Solar Infeed vs. Load in Germany Source : Amprion GmbH Time: Thursday, 10 April 2014 (day with lowest share of renewable energy covering load) 80.000 MW 70.000 PV* Wind* Summe Wind+PV* Last Load Deutschland** Germany** 60.000 50.000 10 April 2014, 21:00 h Load approx. 65.900MW Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 240MW 40.000 30.000 20.000 approx. 0,4% of load covered by renewables more than 65.000 MW conventional generation and Import! 10.000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 h-values Data Source: * Netz-Transparenz ** ENTSO-E 39

Wind and Solar Infeed vs. Load in Germany Source : Amprion GmbH Time: Sunday, 11 May 2014 (day with highest share of renewable energy covering load) 80.000 MW 70.000 PV* Wind* Summe Wind+PV* Last Load Deutschland** Germany** 60.000 50.000 40.000 11 May 2014, 14:00 h Load approx. 53.200MW Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 36.600MW 30.000 20.000 approx. 69% of load covered by renewables approx. 17.000 MW conventional generation and Import! 10.000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 h-values Data Source: * Netz-Transparenz ** ENTSO-E 40

Wind and Solar Infeed vs. Load in Germany Source : Amprion GmbH Time: Saturday, 12 April 2014 (day with lowest renewable infeed) 80.000 MW 70.000 PV* Wind* Summe Wind+PV* Last Load Deutschland** Germany** 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 12 April 2014, 06:00 h Load approx. 46.819MW Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 180MW approx. 0,4% of load covered by renewables more than 46.500 MW conventional generation and Import! 10.000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 h-values Data Source: * Netz-Transparenz ** ENTSO-E 41

Wind and Solar Infeed vs. Load in Germany Source : Amprion GmbH Time: Monday, 14 April 2014 (day with highest renewable infeed) 80.000 MW 70.000 PV* Wind* Summe Wind+PV* Last Load Deutschland** Germany** 60.000 50.000 40.000 14 April 2014, 15:00 h Load approx. 70.600MW Wind+PV-Infeed approx. 37.600MW 30.000 20.000 approx. 53% of load covered by renewables approx. 33.000 MW conventional generation and Import! 10.000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 h-values Data Source: * Netz-Transparenz ** ENTSO-E 42

Source : Amprion GmbH Duration curve of load covering with Wind und PV in 2012 1,0 P RES 0,9 P Load,D 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 43 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Hours 7000 8000

Source : Amprion GmbH Duration curve of load covering with Wind und PV in 2013 1,0 P RES 0,9 P Load,D 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 44 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Hours 7000 8000

DSO TSO TSO DSO Source: Amprion GmbH Influence of Dispersed Generation on the TSO (Low infeed in PV) 25.000 20.000 MW PV D Trafo1 Trafo 2 200 160 MW 15.000 120 10.000 80 5.000 40 0 0-5.000-40 -10.000-80 -15.000-120 -20.000-160 -25.000 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 h Power flow (h-values) -200

DSO TSO TSO DSO Source: Amprion GmbH Influence of Dispersed Generation on the TSO (High infeed in PV) 25.000 20.000 MW PV D Trafo1 Trafo 2 200 160 MW 15.000 120 10.000 80 5.000 40 0 0-5.000-40 -10.000-80 -15.000-120 -20.000-160 -25.000 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 h Power flow (h-values) -200

DSO TSO TSO DSO Source: Amprion GmbH PV-Generation Reverse Flow on Transformer 400/110 KV (measurement values Amprion) 150 MW 100 50 0-50 Trend -100-150 -200 0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 PV Generation Germany [MW] 47

Source: Amprion GmbH - Import + Export Correlation Wind+PV Energy Production Control Program DE (h-values 2013) MW 12.000 PDE 10.000 8.000 Trend 6.000 4.000 2.000 0-2.000-4.000-6.000-8.000-10.000-12.000 0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 P 48

Source: Amprion GmbH Load in GW Peak Load vs. Capacity of all German pump storage power plants Could pump storage power plants solve the problem? Capacity of all German pump storage power plants Peak load: 85,4 GW Pump storage capacity: 6,4 GW Annual consumption: 536,8 TWh Storage capacity: 0,037 TWh Source: NEP 2013 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 49

Agenda Germany s Energiewende - Framework Transmission System Operation Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching Outlook and Conclusion 50

Source: Amprion GmbH, EPEX Spot RES-Infeed and impacts on thermal generation (1/2) 30 Sunday, 16.06.2013 60 20 GW + 4,6 GW - 6,3 GW 40 /MWh 10 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Hour 23 24 0-10 -20-20 Wind D PV D -40-30 Spot-Price Day Ahead Hourly average Intraday -60-40 -80-50 -100 51

Source: Amprion GmbH, EPEX Spot RES-Infeed and impacts on thermal generation (2/2) 30 Sunday, 16.06.2013 + 3,9 GW 17% 60 20 GW 40 /MWh 10 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Hour 23 24 0-10 -20-20 conv. Generation Import -40-30 Spot-Price Day Ahead Hourly average Intraday -60-40 -80-50 -100 52

Source: Amprion GmbH Correlation Wind+PV Energy Production Day-ahead PX h-values since 2011 EPEX Spot (DE,AT) 250 200 /MWh 150 100 50 Trend 0-50 -100-150 -200-250 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% P Pinstall % 53

Source: Amprion GmbH Spot-Price Day Ahead vs. RES Generation since 2011 80.000 70.000 MW 60.000 50.000 Einspeisung Renewable Wind generation und PV Spot-Preis Spot-Price Day Ahead Trendlinie Renewable Einspeisung generation Wind und PV Trendinie Spot-Price Spot-Preis Day Ahead 250 /MWh 200 150 100 50 40.000 Christmas 2012 0 30.000-50 -100 20.000 High Renewable generation -150 10.000 0 negative Spot-Prices: up to -240 /MWh -200-250 54

RES push conventional power plants out of the market Increasing share of renewables (Germany: approx. 37 GW PV and 35 GW Wind installed) conventional power plants become unviable because of low prices Steadily decreasing time of operation of conventional power plants The shutdown of thermal generation capacity in the grid endanger system stability! just minor peak loads, thereby exposure of the profitability of energy storage 55

Agenda Germany s Energiewende - Framework Transmission System Operation Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching Outlook and Conclusion 56

Source: BDEW Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching of Renewables In case of (n-1)- security violations in the EHV-grid due to high dispersed generation TSO and DSO collaborate to lower the infeed of renewable generation in DSOs grid. TSO initiates and DSOs operate these measures according following cascade: Transmission grid TSO Distribution grid 1. Level DSO DSO Distribution grid 2. Level DSO DSO Distribution grid n. Level DSO DSO 57 Grid area Generation Load

Challenges for DSOs Operator Grid level of Energy system Number of generation units Level of automation TSO Extra-high Voltage 220 / 380 kv GL* 1 High Voltage 110 kv GL 2 DSO Regional Distributors Medium Voltage Low Voltage 20 kv 400V (230 V) GL 3 GL 4 GL 5 GL n Prevent incorrect voltage augmentation caused by decentralized generation Coordination of a large amount of small generation utilities without an adequate communication network Handling reversed load flows *GL: Grid Level 58

Responsibilities within the cascade TSO monitoring the overall system Responsibility for SoS* Operative contact to DSOs / generators on TSO-Level Requests support by the DSOs TSO Support of industrial customers to SoS through decreasing / increasing load End user can be disconnected DSO Cascade Consumers Monitoring own system Operative contact to generators on DSO-Level Support of TSO to operate the cascade *SoS = Security of Supply Generation facilities Support of TSO / DSO to SoS through decreasing / increasing the power of generation units 59

Agenda Germany s Energiewende - Framework Transmission System Operation Major Challenge: Transition of the Electricity System due RES Impacts of RES on Conventional Generation and the Market Cooperation of TSO and DSO: Cascade in Generation Dispatching Outlook and Conclusion 60

What is now the influence of wind and pv generation and power trading on the grid? Huge Load Flows 61

What are the key elements of the German grid expansion? Connection of wind farms in the north to a powerful, regional east-west-grid wind-busbar Integration of solar energy in the south by the use of regional grid reinforcement solar-busbar Connection of the buspars via HVDClines X X Depending on the existing situation north-, central- or south Germany can be supplied with power from renewable energy sources X Source: Amprion 62

German Grid Development Plan (NEP) Optimizing of the existing corridors: AC- expansion: AC- reinforcement and additional lines: DC- lines: 2.800 km 1.300 km 1.300 km about 20 Billion Grid expansion New AC- lines: invest one 4 DC-corridors: time Transmission capacity: New DC- lines: 1.700 km 10 GW 2.100 km Investments: approx. 20 billion 63

Conclusion The current Challenges for Transmission System Operators are: Stimulation of the European Electricity Market Integration Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (Wind and Solar Power) Changes in Generation Patterns (Shutdown of Nuclear PPs and Conventional PPs) Congestion Management and Management of Critical Grid Situations The current and future Challenges for Thermal Power Plants are: Permanently decreasing load utilization due to high priority infeed of RES Flexibility needs and growing load gradients Reliable and flexible thermal generation capacity is essential for security of supply and stability of the transmission grid 64

The Energiewende consists of many components To achieve this goal all parties need to work together

Thank you for your attention.