Carlo Trozzi - Assessment of measures TFIAM/Fairmode in urban/port areas: Liguria experience Workshop on modelling urban and regional measures for improved air quality Utrecht (NL), 15-16 February 2017 Assessment of measures in urban/port areas: Liguria experience Carlo Trozzi
Summary A short vision will be first introduced about twenty years of Air Quality Management (AQM) Planning and Carbon Footprint (CF) in Energy Planning in Italy, with a focus on software tools used to support the activities Next the challenges of air quality management in Liguria urban area, with very important port area and industrial activities, are discussed Some comparison with national study about ports are then reported Finally on-going activities in ClairCity project (Citizenled air pollution in cities) funded in Horizon 2020 are presented
E 2 Plan - Tool for AQP & CF E 2 Road E 2 Gov E 2 Port E 2 Airport Driving forces data Emission Inventory Energy balance Carbon footprint Global & Local Meteo Data Land Cover Data WRF Meteorological Model E 2 Previsio n Regional, municipal and gridded emissions Regional, municipal and gridded scenario emissions Global Biogenic Emission (MEGANE) CHIMERE CALPUFF Hourly gridded pollutants concentrations Global models boundary conditions EC AQ Directive Compliance
Liguria region a narrow strip of heavily populated land between the sea and the mountains with many highways, three large harbours including the largest Italian port, an airport, three power stations, a refinery, a steel mill
Ports in Liguria the main ports of the region are fully integrated into the urban structure with no possibility of relocation of facilities
Liguria Region evaluation tools air quality monitoring system multi-years emission inventory from 1995 at municipal level a specific model to evaluate port emissions by dock, ship, and ship operation (hoteling, manouvering) energy balance elaboration and carbon footprint estimate from 2005 at municipal level emission projection model implemented with 2011 base year and projections at 5, 10, 15 years pilot experiences in air quality models application
Liguria Region NO x Emissions (Mg)
Liguria Region Carbon Footprint (Mg CO 2 )
Genova Municipality Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Liguria emissions scenarios Reference scenario Economic & demography projections Regional road infrastructures measures Urban scale traffic plans Regional energy planning goals (included 20-20-20) New and modified point sources Plan scenario 1 Cold ironing in main docks Plan scenario 2 Cold ironing in more docks Reduction of traffic in main urban areas (-10% on 2020)
Cold ironing (CI) emissions reduction Connection of the ships to the land based electric network during their stay in port allowing ships to turn off their auxiliary engines in such a way that all the engines of the ship can be switched off in port Reduction of net emissions, because land-based electricity generation complies with emission standards more stringent than those for ship engines 2006 Recommendation of European Commission
Genova municipality NOx emissions reductions
Potential Cold Ironing reductions Comparison with National study NO x large scale three years cold ironing feasibility study carried out in Italy at the national level by TC with ENEA sponsored by Ministry of Environment (TAP2012 19th International Transport and Air Pollution Conference - Thessaloniki, 26-27/11/2012)
Pilot air quality models application: actual NO 2 2011 Annual mean (µg/m 3 )
Pilot air quality models application: future NO 2 2025 Scenario Annual mean (µg/m 3 )
Money saving with cold ironing vs. oil prices (national study)
Cost benefit analysis (national study) CE i = C / Er i where: i, pollutant; CE i cost effective for the reduction of emissions ( /ton); C total cost ( /year); ER i reduced emissions of pollutant i (ton/year) The table don t take into account external costs of environmental damage: 6.3 /ton for NO x, 135.5 for PM, 10.1 for SOx, 7.5 for NMVOC (MIRA 2011)
Horizon 2020 Ongoing Project ClairCity is aimed at creating a major shift in public understanding towards the causes of poor air quality, inviting citizens to give their opinions on air pollution and carbon reduction to shape the cities of the future ClairCity will integrate and quantify citizens behaviour and activities to enrich city, national and EU level policy-making, resulting in improved air quality, reduced carbon emissions, improved public health outcomes and greater citizen awareness. Putting citizens behaviour and practices at the heart of the debate. Develop a suite of innovative toolkits for enhanced quantification, engagement and impact evaluation. Integrate citizens behaviour in city policies now and in the future. Raise awareness of environment changes and their solutions.
ClairCity Consortium 1. Trinomics B.V. (Project Coordinator - Netherlands) 2. University of the West of England, Bristol (Technical Lead - UK) 3. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (NL) 4. Statistics Netherlands CBS (Netherlands) 5. Technical University of Denmark (Denmark) 6. Norwegian Institute for Air Research (Norway) 7. REC Regional Environmental Centre (Hungary) 8. TECHNE Consulting (Italy) 9. Transport & Mobility Leuven (Belgium) 10.University of Aveiro (Portugal) 11.Municipality of Amsterdam (Netherlands) 12.Bristol City Council (UK) 13.Intermunicipal Community of Aveiro Region (Portugal) 14.Liguria Region (Italy) 15.Municipality of Ljubljana (Slovenia) 16.Sosnowiec City Council (Poland)
ClairCity Project Overview WP3: Behaviour WP2: Dissemination & Exploitation WP1: Project management WP5: Quantification WP7: Scenario coordination & city policy package WP4: Citizen & stakeholder engagement WP6: Policy & governance
ClairCity Approach Phase 1: Establish baseline evidence Phase 2: Citizen and stakeholder engagement Phase 3: Scenario analysis, results and dissemination
Conclusions (1) Emissions from ships at dock are the most relevant ones in Liguria region Great potential of cold ironing for reducing emissions No major technical obstacles to development of actions Major constraint is the cost that ship-owners will have to face for the adaptation of onboard systems A coordinated European approach to carry out initiatives that allow owners to use the service in different ports is a priority A reduced rate of tax applied to electricity directly provided to vessels at berth in a port can give an economic incentive to the use of shore-side electricity
Conclusions (2) The emissions reductions in port allow to obtain a very important reduction in overall municipal emissions (up to 40% of municipality emissions of nitrogen oxides) and to meet the NO 2 air quality standards Other solutions such as LNG are also in study and can be an option for ferry traffic when renewal of ships engines will be adopted as solution to reduce SO 2 emissions in cruise The H2020 ClairCity project developed with the goal to putting citizens behaviour and practices at the heart of the debate also in environment with big impacts of citizens external pressure sources such as ports, highways, industry