Technologies for Economic Development Polo Ground 49/3, PO BOX 14621, Maseru -100 Telephone: +266-22317795, Fax: +266 2232 5621, Email: info@ted-biogas.org web: www.ted-biogas.org; Reg. No.:2004/90 TED Sanitation Technology Options in Lesotho Elisabeth-Maria Huba, Senior Advisor Mantopi Lebofa, Director Lesotho Water Week 2011 Maseru, Lesotho 07-04-11
Content TED 1. TED 2. Urban Sanitation Strategies 3. Sanitation options 4. Approaches 5. Conclusions
1. TED Lesotho based NGO, founded in 2004 TED Activities covering among others the following areas: Urban and Rural Sanitation technologies: Biogas & Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems Urine Diverting Dry Toilets & Amalooloo Education on WASH: in schools, football clubs, A wide range of other technologies to protect health, environment and climate biomass conservation through efficient stove technologies nutrient recycling for fertilizer application Technical training most of the sectors were identified in the Lesotho Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper; all relate to MDG
2. Urban Sanitation Strategies Population: about 200,000 on 140 km 2 Annual growth rate: 3.5% Piped water supply coverage: 66% Sanitation coverage: 9.2% flush toilets; 45% ventilated improved Pits 43.1 % unsealed Pit latrine 2.9% no sanitation facilities Data: www.mdgmonitor.org TED
Annual production Individual person: 500 litres urine; 50 kg feces Globally: 3,500,000,000,000 litres urine; 350,000,000,000 kg feces Lesotho -total: 1,000,000,000 litres urine; 100,000,000 kg feces Maseru: 100,000,000 litres urine; 10,000,000 kg feces TED
Deficit of Human Excreta Management E-Coli bacteria, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. Vibrio cholerae Urban sanitation Global Shortage of Phosphorus N, P, K and other plant nutrients are removed during sewage treatment High Cost and Waste in Sewage Disposal Using drinking water for sewage transport! High energy input! Cities Besieged by Garbage Diarrheal disease, parasitic infestation,...
Common situation seen in peri-urban areas often also with unlined VIP Latrines
Protecting our drinking water 8
Key Parameter for Urban Sanitation Strategy TED All the Basotho are entitled to have access to a sustainable supply of potable water and to the provision of basic sanitation services at an affordable cost. Lesotho Water and Sanitation Policy Ministry of Natural Resources, 2007
Key Parameter for Urban Sanitation Strategy 1. Disease Prevention 2. Environmental protection a) Resource saving and reuse b) Pollution Prevention c) Climate protection & climate change mitigation 3. Nutrient Recycling (Food Security & Safety) 4. Acceptable by customers 5. Affordable by customers and municipality 6. Comfort & Simplicity 7. Convenient in O&M TED
3. Sanitation options Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems Shared Septic Tank Simplified Community Sewerage Community Ablution Block
sedimentation pond fixed dome biogas digester Sedimentation septic tank Anaerobic digestion anaerobic filter anaerobic baffled reactor planted gravel filter Aerobic and facultative decomposition Post treatment aerobic-facultative ponds and aerobic polishing ponds
On-site urban Biogas-Sanitation Components TED Additional organic feeding material (waste) Biogas taken to the house Irrigation of garden and lawn by gravity Methane producing microorganisms produce biogas, reduction of pathogens Effluent flowing into the expansion canal (biogas storage) Root Treatment System for effluent post-purification Storage for irrigation effluent could be pumped or irrigate gravitationally in drains Sketch of biogas tank. Wastewater as well as kitchen and garden waste enter the digester and are broken down to biogas and fertile water. The advantages: Nearly no more emptying. Reuse of all effluent as fertilizer and irrigation water in the garden. Reduce expenses for daily cooking energy. Smoke free kitchen. Climate protection.
Strip Foundation & water sealed slab casting 1 Meter up
Next step to place gas outlet pipe
From garbage to a beautiful garden
Changing waste into fertilizer protecting underground water 17
Amalooloo: A Urine Diversion Dry Toilet with hand washing facility, toilet brush, and further toilet comfort basics 19
4. Approaches Worldwide cooperation partners and networks =>> updated knowledge on sanitation technologies 1. BORDA -Bremen Overseas Research & Development Association 2. USTB-CSES -University of Science & Technology Beijing Centre for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation 3. GIZ -Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit Centre for International Migration & Development 4. GTO -German Toilet Organisation 5. IWA - International Water Association 6. WSSCC Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council 7. SAKNSS Southern African Knowledge Node on Sustainable Sanitation (EcoSanRes & SEI) 8. IBBK & FNBB/GERBIO International Biogas & Bioenergy Competence Center 9. WASH United 10. WaterLex International NGO working for the Human Right to Water and Sanitation 11. Action contre la Faim Mongolia NGO working in Social Marketing for Ecological Sanitation 12. WASAZA Water and Sanitation Association Zambia professional association
Service Packages 1. Agro-Industry 2. School Sanitation 3. Community Based Sanitation (CBS) 4. DEWATS for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises 5. Health Impact Assessment & Hygiene Education 6. Capacity Building 7.Municipal Sludge Treatment 8.Sanitation Mapping & City Wide Planning 9.Sanitation for Prisons 10.Sanitation for Real Estates 11.Emergency Sanitation 12.Sanitation for Hospitals, Hotels & Eco-Tourism Ressorts, Military Camps TED
Urban Sludge Management What happens when the pit gets full? WaterAid Gulper in Tanzania Empting of on-site facilities is responsibility of the individual owner Demand based desludging service is responsibilities of the municipality, Many municipalities involve private service provider Vacuum tank Indonesia Sludge disposal in municipality owned sewerage treatment works or sludge treatment plants Sludge disposal Tanzania 23
Municipal Sludge Treatment Plant (MSTP) Discharging point Sludge stabilization and separation tank Biogas tank Sludge drying bed m a x m in
From R&D to large scale implementation TOPICS: Sanitation & Renewable Energies Sustainable Environmental Sanitation Agriculture & Livestock R & D Testing Improve Demo Improve Design Options Large scale implementation In Cooperation with USTB - CSES
Social marketing for sanitation based on three pillars: 1. Stimulating DEMAND 2. Private sector involvement in SUPPLY 3. SOCIAL pressure Social marketing works to help people change their behaviors positively 24/04/2011 26
Any genuine behaviour change has to be voluntary Hand washing with Soap............ Desire for a healthy life 27
5 P s of Sanitation Marketing 1.product 2.price 3.place 4.promotion 5.People 24/04/2011 28
Sustainability issues 125Biogas-DEWATS constructed by TED to date since 2003 -paid fully by owners an average of 15 systems in a year On average two requests a week Costs for commonly constructed digester sizes: 6m 3 at M20 000 ( 2,200) 9m 3 at M25 000 ( 2,800) TED Challenges: QUALITY Ownership Coping with demand
5. Conclusion Yes, there are TED 1. acceptable and 2. affordable and 3. ecologically safe Sanitation Technologies, already successfully installed in urban settlements in Lesotho
sanitizing wastewater on the compound making it fit for irrigation saving valuable drinking water encouraging home gardening Improving living conditions
Turning organic waste (solid and liquid) into biogas for cooking is an important measure for CLIMATE PROTECTION, change mitigation and resilience
Water is life.. Sanitation is dignity
www.ted-biogas.org 34