Non-Revenue Water Management in Cyprus Bambos Charalambous Managing Director Hydrocontrol Ltd
2 Water Management in Cyprus
Recent Water Situation in Cyprus Gradual change in the climate Substantial decrease in annual rainfall >20% Reduction in the runoff into the reservoirs > 40% Periods of low rainfall are becoming more frequent Demand is continuously increasing Frequent periods of low or no rainfall :1991-92,1997-2000, 2008-09 Government forced to apply water restriction measures o Drastic water cuts in irrigation o Severe restrictions to domestic water supply Add Water to the National Balance: o Construction of Desalination plants: 60Mm 3 (75% of total potable needs) o Use of treated effluent for agriculture: 10Mm 3 (5% of total irrigation needs) Need for water conservation and leakage management 3
4 Lemesos Cyprus August 2008 35.000 m 3 /day
5 NRW Management Is a continuous activity Is an integral part of distribution network management Is based on a long term strategy Is cost effective especially in water scarce areas HOWEVER ITS SUCCESS DEPENDS: On commitment and dedication at all levels Adoption of appropriate methodologies and technologies Use of appropriate and reliable indicators for benchmarking, such as : litres/service connection /day and ILI
6 Key Performance Indicators Water Board of Nicosia YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day 1997 19.5 2.9 137 2011 23.0 4.3 203 Water Board of Larnaca YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day 1997 23.0 2.5 131 2011 27.6 3.3 168 Water Board of Lemesos YEAR % of SIV ILI Lit/conn/day 1997 16.7 1.8 91 2011 23.0 2.8 143
7 Network Design and Development
Major Network Developments Water Board of Lemesos 1986-1990 Major expansion of storage and supply network Establishment of pressure zones and DMA Installation of SCADA system 1991-1993 Pressure reduction study Installation of PRVs in 8 out of 27 DMAs 1994-1995 Digitization of all maps of the water distribution system 1997-1998 Review of the leakage control activities by external consultant Recommendations for the establishment of a leakage management policy 1999 - to date DMA re-design and pressure management Use of advanced technology in DMA monitoring and leak detection Adoption of IWA WLTF best practice approach to NRW management Source: WBL 8
Key Considerations DMA categories Small : <1000 properties Medium : 1000 3000 properties Large : 3000 5000 properties Factors considered in DMA design Minimum variation in ground level Single entry point into the DMA Well defined DMA boundaries Area meters correctly sized and located Apply pressure management
Typical DMA Inlet Chamber Source: WBL 10
Monitoring and Data Transfer Dedicated Computer in Control Room Data Communication E-mails / sms sent from each DMA Alarms sent to Operator s mobile phone for: o High/Low pressure o High MNF o No flow o Low battery status WWW PSTN and GSM Network PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS IN DMAs 11
Pressure Management 12 Before pressure reduction After pressure reduction Reduction in MNF Reduction in: surges and excess pressures burst rates and background leakage, cut repair costs flow rates of all leaks some components of consumption
13 Pipeline and Assets Management High quality materials / Proper installation High standard of maintenance Pipeline replacement using a decision support system
Accurate and Comprehensive Metering the first step in establishing how much water is produced and/or being used Accurate measurement of: o o o o o Water produced and/or imported Water flow to and out of treatment plants Water flow to and out of storage reservoirs Water flow into Districts Customer consumption Eliminate or minimise Authorised Un-metered Consumption 14
15 NRW Activities
Annual Water Balance (m 3 ) ( Top - Down ) Reaching the point of Accountability 16
Apparent Losses ( commercial losses) All customers are metered Water theft o Theft from hydrants o Meter by-passes o Tampering with meters Meter under- registration o o o Improve meter accuracy Volumetric meters Certified meter test bench Meter reading errors o o o Hand-held devices Change meter readers routes Check zero/low consumption Accounting errors o o Billing software Threshold alarms Apparent Losses = Loss of Revenue (valued at retail billing rates) Source: Rizzo and Cilia, 2005 17
18 Real Losses ( physical losses) Main Causes are: o Ageing pipes o Damage to pipes by others o Lack of or poor maintenance o Improper installation / materials o Pressure (excess/fluctuation/transients) o Seasonal weather variations o Traffic loading and vibration o Intermittent water supply
Speed and Quality of Repairs Tactics: Minimize leakage run time ; Management of leak ID, location, and repair processes; Measure leak run & repair times; Quality materials specification; Quality repairs & inspection; Corrosion control Number of Pipes Repaired Response Repair Time WBL Reported leaks 2007 712 (34%) 243 (11%) Next day (13.5%) 1.169 (55%) Same day (85%) Next two days (1.5%) House connection polyethylene House connection galvanised iron Distribution pipework 19
Active Leakage Control 20
DMA (Sector 2) Pressure Reduction AZNP (m) Actual MNF (m³/hr) Background losses(m³/hr) Locatable losses (m³/hr) before after before after before after before after 220 64 32 3,92 2,16 0,63 0,24 1,88 0,51 221 63 36 5,69 3,85 3,39 1,65 0,16 0,07 222 REDUCTION 54 28 3,07 2,24 1,53 30 m0,71 3 /hr 0,05 0,03 223 53 29 3,58 2,56 1,70 0,82 0,35 0,20 (Sector 2) (25%) 224 53 29 5,50 2,52 1,68 0,82 2,23 0,11 225 64 34 12,96 9,78 5,42 2,41 4,16 3,99 226 64 34 10,04 6,84 5,62 2,55 0,37 0,24 227 59 38 15,52 10,44 5,91 3,38 5,11 2,56 Annual 228 43 water 39 7,60 saving 7,20 3,42 = 220 3,03 000 0,51 0,50 m 3 229 41 36 4,06 3,73 1,13 0,96 2,01 1,85 230 47 40 21,80 18,00 5,57 or 4,60 170 9,37 000 6,54 231 52 42 11,01 7,92 4,63 3,54 2,17 0,18 232 39 32 5,17 4,32 1,32 1,05 2,21 1,63 233 42 33 4,45 3,96 1,48 1,10 1,48 1,37 234 48 38 3,55 2,44 0,32 0,23 2,26 1,24 Total before 117,92 43,75 34,32 Total after 87,96 27,09 21,02 21
22 Reduced Burst Frequency ( Reported Leaks) Description Number of bursts reported Reduction of leaks Before (7 months) After (7 months) Distribution mains 49 27 45% Communication pipes 296 178 40% ANNUAL COST SAVING IN PIPE Comparison BURST of Results REPAIRS 100 000 Location Pressure Reduction Overall reduction in burst incidents Cyprus (Water Board of Lemesos) Australia (A.Lambert) 32% 41% 40% 55%
23 Leakage Monitoring
DMA Flow and Pressure Monitoring 24
MNF Analysis 130 121 127 224 125 226 322 222 320 131 126 134 220 324 124 128 221 323 321 227 225 120 325 122 123 228 129 132 223 PRIORITISE LEAKAGE ACTIVITIES BASED ON ESPB AND ON VALUE OF WATER SAVED 25
MNF Monitoring 26
27 Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=8days Repair (R)=1day Leak Location and Repair Loss of water=4200m 3 A L R Crack 7 mm wide on DN150mm AC pipe Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=28days Repair (R)=2days Loss of water=7200 m3 A L R Three leaks were located and fixed.
28 Targeting and Benchmarking
Targeting and Benchmarking Goal Setting Identified areas to be improved Prioritised most effective actions Benchmarking Decided on Key Performance Indicators Checked and compared performance to other utilities 29
N R W a s % o f S I V 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% Non Revenue Water Financial PI basic (IWA Level 1, Fi 36) Drought Years Intermittent Supply 0.00% 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Source: WBL Y E A R 30
litres/conn/day Litres / service connection / day Operational PI for Real Losses basic ( IWA Level 3, Op 24 ) Technical Performance Category: A pressurised system : average pressure 40 m (Developed Countries) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Source: WBL Drought Years Intermittent Supply 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 YEAR : <100 litres/connection/day Source: Liemberger,2005 31
Infrastructure Leakage Index Operational PI for Real Losses Detailed (IWA Level 3, Op 25) Technical Performance Category: A (ILI 1-2: Excellent no specific intervention required) (Developed Countries) Source: Liemberger, 2005 I L I 4 3 2 1 Drought Years Intermittent Supply 0 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 Source: WBL YEAR 32
International Comparison Source: Seago, McKenzie, Liemberger, Halifax 2005 Total of 146 data from 31 countries DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 100 90 80 I L I 70 60 50 40 30 Cyprus 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 33
34 Intermittent Water Supply
35 Effects of Intermittent Supply Significant increase in the number of reported pipe bursts 20 DMAs: 373Km: 45%total Description Number of reported breaks 2007 2010 %increase Mains 1/7,14km 1/2,38km 300 Service connections 15,5/1000 connections 29,7/1000 connections 200
36 Effects of Intermittent Supply Significant increase in Total Leakage TOP DOWN LeakageLeakage BOTTOM UP
Effects of Intermittent Supply System Input Volume Vs Consumption Year System Input Volume (m 3 ) Customer Consumption (m 3 ) Total Difference Total Difference 2007 12.914.576 0 10.762.043 0 2008 10.655.626-2.258.950 9.776.466-985.577 2009 11.735.230-1.179.346 9.803.206-958.837 2010 14.568.052 1.653.476 10.634.710-127.333 37
38 Effects of Intermittent Supply System Input Volume Vs Consumption Year System Input Volume Customer Consumption 2007 Before Intermittent Supply 0% (base line) 0% (base line) 2008 Intermittent Supply -17,5% -9,2% 2009 Intermittent Supply -9,1% -8,9% 2010 After Intermittent Supply +12,8% -1,2%
Cost of Intermittent Supply Cost to the Water Board of Lemesos for the 2 years (2008 2009) of Intermittent Supply: Loss of revenue: o Reduction in sales cost of water saved: 300.000 Additional operational expenses: o Staff overtime for opening / closing valves: 365.000 o Repairing additional reported breaks: 325.000 Additional cost after Continuous Supply was established: o Additional leakage (2010 2012): 1.700.000 o Estimated cost of locating leaks: 175.000 o Estimated cost of repairing leaks: 125.000 39
Thank you Bambos Charalambous Tel.:+35799612109 Email:bcharalambous@cytanet.com.cy 40