Summary of Preparatory Study 1. Title of the Cooperation Project, Relevant Project Report Preparatory Survey on the Project for the Establishment of Rural Water Supply System in Kambia Town in the Republic of Sierra Leone 2. Categorization and its reason Category B Major reasons for the categorization are as follows; - This project is to rehabilitate and improve the existing water supply facilities such as water intake, waterworks, water pipes, pump station and elevated tank, not new construction. - Social and natural adverse impacts are limited or minimized by implementing the planned mitigation measures. Further, there is no protected and considerable habitat area such as national park or conservation area adjacent to the project area. - With regard to social impacts, no resettlement is required because planned facilities are to be constructed in the compounds of the existing facilities and/or government land and not located in residential or agricultural land. - The project is to be categorized as Class C that is not required full scale EIA as per EIA law in Sierra Leone (The Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures, 1999). Therefore, the project does not give significant impacts on social and natural area. 3. Outline of the Project (Objectives, Justification, Activity, Location, Scale and so on) (1) Present water supply situation and background of the survey Water service is not available in Kambia town and the people are using inadequate quality and quantity of water, which is taken from the river and unprotected dug wells. The water consumption of the people is estimated to be less than 15 lcd (liter per capita per day). In order to supply clean and safe water to the people in Kambia Town, JICA has been conducting a Preparatory Survey and preparing a water supply improvement plan in 2010 in cooperation with a Sierra Leonean counterpart, the Water Supply Division (WSD) of the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (ME&WR). (2) Water Supply Target The planned water supply area covers the existing town (Old Town) and newly developed area (New town) in the Kambia Town. (See Fig. 3.1, planned water supply area) The planned served population is approx. 30,000 in 2016. The project will enable the people to enjoy safe and clean water, which will be treated by a new water treatment plant and distributed through improved distribution network. Water will be distributed mainly through public taps. Private connections are to be connected only to major public facilities in the town. - 1 -
C A D B Figure 3.1 Planned Water Supply Area - 2 -
Raw water taken from the water sources of the Kolenten River and swamp will be treated properly in the water treatment plant. The planned water consumption and coverage is shown in the Table below. Table3.1 Planned Water Consumption and Coverage 2010 Before the Project 2016 After the Project Water supply coverage Nearly 0% 100% Per capita water consumption Less than 15 lcd 36 lcd (3) Proposed Water Supply System 1) Water sources: Kolenten river and Swamp 2) Water intake: Kolenten river at (C), Swamp at (D) 3) Water treatment plant: North of Kambia Town at (A) 4) Elevated tank: East of Kambia Town at (B) The proposed water supply system is illustrated in Fig. 3.2. Fig. 3.2 Image of Water Supply System Location and required area of the planned facility and owner of the land are shown in the Table below: Table 3.2 Proposed Facilities of the Project Facility Location Area Land Owner Water treatment plant A. Kambia Town North Approx. 1ha (100m 100m 1 place) Government Elevated tank B. Kambia Town East Approx. 400m 2 (20m 20m 1 place) Government Pump station C. Kambia Town North (Kolenten River) D. Kambia Town North (Swamp) Approx. 14m 2 (3m 2.5m 2 places) Government Community - 3 -
Water pipes Public tap space Kambia Town Total Approx.30km Kambia Town Approx. 100 places These pipes are to be buried underground along public road. Required excavated area is approx. 24,000m 2 (30,000 m 0.8m). Required area is approx. 600m 2 (3m 2m 100 places) Government Private connection: Government Public Tap: Community land or private Note: Locations of the facilities (A, B, C, D) are as shown in Fig. 3.1 4. Outline of the Location (Maps, Environmental and Social Condition, Problems and so on) The planned water supply area is located in Headquarters town of the Kambia District. The water supply area has already been developed and urbanized. Thus there are no protected or considerable areas in and around the project area. The Kolenten River which is running west of the town is one of a water source of the planned water supply system. (See Fig. 3.1 Planned water supply area) 5. Title of the Regulations under which the Environmental and Social Considerations Study has been conducted Environmental impact assessment (hereinafter referred to as EIA ) process is conducted as per the National Environmental Protection Act, 2008 and a concrete process and conditions are mentioned in The Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures, 1999. The above-mentioned procedure has a certain classification of the project as per a type of the project. In case of a project for improving the existing water supply facilities, it is classified as Class C as a rule that is not required to conduct a full EIA. As an actual procedure, however, Sierra Leone Environmental Protection Agency (SLEPA) classifies all the projects in consideration of characteristics and impacts of the respective projects and based on a screening format. WSD has submitted a screening format of the project to SLEPA which is prepared in cooperation with JICA Survey Team and SLEPA has concluded that the project is categorized as Class C in May 2010 based on the screening format and a site inspection. Issuance of an environmental license is in progress so far. A definition of Class C in the guideline and process of environmental approval is shown in Table 5.1 and illustrated in Fig.5.1 respectively. - 4 -
Table 5.1 Project Classification Classification Class C (Not required Full EIA) Examples No full Environmental Impact Assessment Required A project may be categorized as Class C if it is determined that the proposed project will have no significant or adverse impact on the environment, the Director may grant environmental approval to the project without further analysis. Source: The Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures, 1999/Ministry of Lands, Housing, Country Planning and the Environment Fig. 5.1 Environmental Approval Process Source: JICA Survey Team prepared based on the Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures, 1999/Ministry of Lands, Housing, Country Planning and the Environment - 5 -
Social Environment Overall Rating Land acquisition/compensation Change of Land use plan, Control of various activities by regulations for the construction Reclamation of Wetland, etc. Deforestation/Land Clearance Alteration to ground by cut land, filling, etc. Operation of Construction Equipment and Vehicles Construction of facilities Traffic Restriction in construction area Influx of construction workers, construction of base camp Removal old pipelines Increase of Water Supply Increase of Discharged Water Appearance/ Occupancy of Facility and related building structures Operation of Facility 6. Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts (Results of Scoping and Environmental and Social Considerations Studies) The relationship between impact factors by stages and impact items are shown in the table below. Some impacts are predicted in the loss of properties, sanitation, infectious diseases, air & water pollution and noise. However the impact level is negligible, not significant. Items to be analyzed are picked up from the scoping matrix in the table below. Table 6.1 Scoping Matrix for the Project (WTP, Pump Stations, Elevated Tank and Pipelines) Impact Items Impact Factors by Stages Planning Phase Construction Phase Post Construction Social Pollution Rating: No 1 Likely Impacts Resettlement (or loss of properties) B B 11 Sanitation B B 12 Hazards (risks) Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS B B B 23 Air Pollution (dust) B B B 24 Water Pollution B B B B 27 Noise and Vibration B B B A: Serious adverse impacts are expected. B: Some adverse impacts are expected. No Mark: Few impacts are expected. IEE is not necessary during preparatory survey. Table 6.2 Rating Reasons (WTP, Pump Stations, Elevated Tank and Pipelines) Impact Items Rating Reasons of Rating 1 Resettlement (or loss of properties) B 2 3 Local economy such as employment and livelihood, etc. Land use and utilization of local resources There are no buildings and properties in the proposed area of WTP, pump stations, pipelines, elevated tank and public taps. However, because proposed public tap sites are located in community lands, it is required to get permission from community and Kambia District. As a result of the stakeholder meetings held with the paramount chief, the Kambia District Council and representatives of the town, they agreed with the project and a legal certificate will be issued by the Council before the commencement of the project based on prescribed process. (See the article 11.Other Relevant Information ) The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. Required intake volume from the Kolenten river is less than 1% of the river discharge even in the end of the dry season, thus it is not likely to give significant impact. - 6 -
Pollution Natural Environment (See the article 11.Other Relevant Information ) 4 Social institutions and local decision-making institutions The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 5 Social infrastructures and services The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 6 Poor, indigenous and ethnic people, gender and children rights There is no indigenous and ethnic people in the project site. 7 Misdistribution of benefits and damages This project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 8 Cultural heritage (ex. burial grounds) There is no cultural heritages in the project site. 9 Local conflict of interests The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 10 Water Usage, Water Rights or Common Rights 11 Sanitation B 12 Hazards (Risks) Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS B There is no agricultural and commercial water right in the project area. (See the article 11.Other Relevant Information ) Although domestic drained water will increase in the amount of organic polluted water, it is not likely to give significant impacts. During the construction of the facilities, there is a possibility that workers may contract sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) through sexual relations with prostitutes within the area. 13 Accidents The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 14 Topography and Geographical features The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 15 Soil Erosion The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 16 Underground water 17 Hydrological Situation There is not extraction of groundwater, thus the project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. (See 3 Land use and utilization of local resources ) 18 Coastal Zone There is no coastal zone in the project area. 19 Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity Most of planned sites are categorized urban area, thus the project does not give adverse impact on this item. Required intake volume from the Kolenten river will be less than 1% of the river discharge even in the end of the dry season, thus it is not likely gives significant impact on this item. Additionally there are no considerable species in the Kolenten river in accordance with the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Food Security. 20 Meteorology The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 21 Landscape The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 22 Global Warming The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 23 Air Pollution (dust) B 24 Water Pollution B Although construction machines may cause dust during construction, it is not likely to give significant impact. Domestic drained water will increase in the amount of organic polluted water, thus small streams in the town may be polluted organically. However it is not likely to give significant impacts due to limited supply at the moment. During the maintenance of filter sand and sedimentation basin, drain water with sludge which does not include hazardous matter may be discharged to the Kolenten River. However it is not likely to give significant impact on target river quantitatively and qualitatively due to small scale facility. 25 Soil Contamination The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 26 Waste 27 Noise and Vibration B Although concrete waste will be generated by demolition of existing building, these wastes will be buried in the existing compound, thus there is no adverse impact on this item. Although operation of construction machines will give traffic and construction noise, it is not likely to give significant impact due to limited scale, time and duration. 28 Ground Subsidence The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 29 Offensive Odors The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. 30 Bottom sediments The project does not give negative impacts on this item basically. - 7 -
Pollution Natural Social Environment Rating: A: Serious adverse impacts are expected. B: Some adverse impacts are expected. No Mark: Few impacts are expected. IEE is not necessary during preparatory survey. 7. Mitigation Measures Proposed mitigation measures by stage are shown in the table below. These mitigation measures have already been submitted to the Sierra Leone Environmental Protection Agency (SLEPA: Authority for EIA approval) and implementation of mitigation measures will be audited by SLEPA. Table 7.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Items for the Project Items 1. Resettlement (or loss of properties) 11. Public sanitation 12. Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS 13. Traffic accidents 19. Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity 23. Air pollution 24. Water pollution 27. Noise and Vibration Mitigation Measures [Pre-Construction stage] - Basic Design Stage 1-1. Holding stakeholder meetings for information disclosure and confirmation of the agreement with stakeholders. 1-2. Proponent shall prepare agreement documents between the Government and land owners. - Detailed Design Stage 1-3. Detailed measurement survey shall be done. 1-4. Proponent shall complete land acquisition and compensation as required. Not required. [Pre-Construction stage] - Basic Design Stage 11-1. Installation of a drainage around the public tap. 12-1. Healthcare education for workers and inhabitants. 12-2. Health check of construction workers. 13-1. Staffing of traffic control in the construction site. 19-1. The contractor must set up the markings of the boundaries of construction areas. 23-1. Sprinkling of water near residential areas to reduce dusts as required. [Pre-Construction stage] - Basic Design Stage 24-1. Installation of a drainage around the public taps 24-2. Installation of drainage basin for sedimentation of sludge 24-3. Set up of treatment facilities for sedimentation of turbid water and discharged water from base camp during construction as required. Additionally adequate drainage shall be set up in construction area not to make puddles or unsanitary conditions. 27-1. Adjustment of work time in residential area (limit the working hours to daytime) - 8 -
8. Consultation (state who has been contacted about the Project, means of contacting them, date when they were contacted and so on) A stakeholder meeting was held in the Kambia Town on 25th May, 2010. Outline of the stakeholder meeting is shown in the table below. Most opinions in the meeting are that inhabitants desire prompt implementation of the project for providing safe and hygienic water, thus all participants agreed on the implementation of the project and had a consensus in the meeting. Table 8.1 Outline of the Stakeholder Meeting Objectives Scope Major Participants Venue Schedule Agenda Basic consensus formulation for the project Basic Design (water treatment plant, water pipes, water reservoirs and public taps) Kambia District Chairman of Kambia District Council Paramount Chief Chiefdom Speaker Chief Administrator Councilor Ward 122 Kambia District Section - Education - Health - Social welfare - Agriculture Sierra Leone Police Sierra Leone Army Sierra Leone Teachers Union Traders Union Drivers Union Youth Representative Civil Society Radio Kolenten Women s Wing Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (ME&WR), Water Supply Division (WSD) Kambia District Hall 25 th May 2010 (Tuesday) 9:00-10:00 Registration of Participants 10:00-12:00 Stakeholder Meeting 1. Opening remarks (Chairman of Kambia District Council) 2. Explanation of outline of draft plan and positive impacts of the project (by Project Manager) 3. Explanation of environmental and social negative impacts (by Environmental Specialist) 4. Statement of Paramount Chief 5. Exchange of opinions (facilitated by the Chairman) 6. Consensus of the project with signing (all participants) 7. Closing remarks Note: Language/English-Krio Language (Interpreter) - 9 -
9. Monitoring (organizational structure, monitoring plan and so on) Proposed monitoring items are as follows. Monitoring shall be carried out at least once a month during the construction stage. Table 9.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Items for the Project Items Monitoring Items During Construction *except for confirmation of the implementation of mitigation measures Social Environment 1. Resettlement (or loss of properties) 11. Public sanitation Not required 12. Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS - Observation of adequate land acquisition process - Health check result of construction workers 13. Traffic accidents - Number of traffic accident Natural 19. Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity Not required 23. Air pollution - Visual observation of the condition of dust distribution Pollution - Visual observation of the water quality from 24. Water pollution earthwork area and base camp site 27. Noise and Vibration Not required - 10 -
10. Consultation with Recipient Governments (Enhancement Opportunities, Important Notice and so on) All environmental activities for acquiring environmental license such as preparation of screening form and environmental license application has been done by WSD and JICA Survey Team through discussions. JICA Survey Team recognized that staff of WSD in Freetown and the Kambia District understood the process and required documents for approval of EIA license. Environmental and social consideration activities to be carried out based on the prescribed EIA process after the basic design are shown in the figure below. Fig. 10.1 Implementation Framework for Environmental Activities 11. Other Relevant Information (1) Land Acquisition Process According to the Kambia District Council, land owners will provide their land without compensation in case of the construction of public facilities generally. Thus the Council does not issue an agreement document between the land owner and the Council. However, the Kambia District Council will prepare an agreement document for public taps and pumping - 11 -
Agreement (by document) station at swamp area based on the minute of meeting for the project before project implementation. With regard to water treatment plant, elevated tank and distribution and transmission pipes in public land, Land Use Permission will be issued from the Kambia District Council to the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (ME&WR) before the commencement of the project. According to the information from the Kambia District Council, followings are the process of land acquisition in rural area of Sierra Leone. Submission of application form Applicant / Proponent (ME&WR, Kambia District) Pre-Survey (Confirmation of area, plot and price) By Proponent (ME&WR) Kambia District Counsel Agreement Consult with stakeholders / Explain project outline Local Community Paramount Chief (Magbema) Discussion Agreement Disagreement Discussion Village Leader Agreement Paramount Chief will explain purpose and positive effect, and negotiate with relevant stakeholders. Land Owner Registration Source: JICA Survey Team prepared based on interviews from Kambia District Fig. 11.1 Land Acquisition Process for Public Use (2) River Discharge and Intake Amount A required intake amount from the Kolenten River will be 0.58% of the river discharge even in the end of the dry season, thus it is not likely to give significant impact to the existing hydrological situation and aquatic life in the river. Table 11.1 Rate of River flow and Water intake River Discharge of the Kolenten River (Dry season) (m 3 /day) Water Intake (m 3 /day) Rate (%) 207,433 1,200 0,58 Note: The river discharge was measured in May 2010 by JICA Survey Team. - 12 -
(3) Water Right According to the ME&WR, water users regarding agricultural and domestic purposes do not pay for water right, however a proponent of commercial purpose shall pay three (3) Leones per one cubic meter for water use. There is no water right in the project area, thus the project does not give adverse impacts on the water right. - 13 -