WATER QUALITY SCENARIO OF URBAN POLLUTED LAKES A MODEL STUDY

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017, pp. 297 302, Article ID: IJCIET_08_05_033 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed WATER QUALITY SCENARIO OF URBAN POLLUTED LAKES A MODEL STUDY M. Satish Kumar Research Scholar, Institute of Science and Technology, Centre for Environment, J.N.T.U., Hyderabad, Telangana, India M.V. Raju Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vignan s University, Andhra Pradesh, India Hepsibah Palivela UGC-Post Doctoral Fellow, Centre for Women Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India G. Venu Ratna Kumari Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT The pollution in surface water bodies increasing day by day due to rapid increasing of population, urbanization, industrial growth and modern agricultural practices. In addition to all the above reasons water is getting contaminated because of climatic changes, increasing runoff and deforestation. The levels of contamination in urban water bodies disturbing aquatic Ecosystem over the years, Hence, it is most essential to protect water bodies in urban areas to meet future water demands of urban areas as well as to protect ground water contamination, Keeping this in view, we have done a model study to identify the exact condition of water in the lake with respect to the level pollutant concentration to identify the potential sources of water contamination as well as to suggest proper controlling measures to bring down the pollution levels in the lake to promote sustainable development. The present study was carried out for hussain sagar lake of hyderabad city, Telangana State. We have identified five water sampling locations by examining the topography of the lake. Seasonal assessment was done by collecting samples at identified locations for continues three months. The resulted values were correlated with surface water quality standards to suggest proper precautions to promote sustainable development in and around the study area. Key words: Contamination, Urban areas, Aquatic Ecosystem, Controlling measures, Sustainable development. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 297 editor@iaeme.com

M. Satish Kumar, M.V. Raju, Hepsibah Palivela and G. Venu Ratna Kumari Cite this Article: M. Satish Kumar, M.V. Raju, Hepsibah Palivela and G. Venu Ratna Kumari, Water Quality Scenario of Urban Polluted Lakes A Model Study. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 297 302. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=5 1. INTRODUCTION Lakes are one of the prime reason for the human settlements, and they are the ultimate reasons for developmental activities in and around the areas where they existed, they became the major source for drinking, for supply of water to the nearby areas, to supply water for industries, in addition to these lakes also useful for irrigation practices, disposal sites for waste water.. Lakes can be contrasts with other flowing water bodies like streams and rivers, mostly the natural lakes are formed at mountain areas, where as the artificial lakes are constructed behind a dam to meet the water demand of that particular area, and also to overcome floods based on the topographical conditions of the area. Lakes are characterized by a low average current velocity of 0.001 to 0.01 ms -1 (surface values). These currents within lakes are multidimensional. Lakes can retain the waste materials without disturbing ecosystem up to certain extent but when the discharging load increasing they will lose the ability of self purification system. Due to rapid industrialization and increasing population, the requirement of water being increased at alarm rate in order to meet the water requirements of future generation there is great need of protecting water bodies to promote sustainable development. 2. STUDY AREA DISCRIPTION The Hussain Sagar Lake was situated at the coordinates of 17.45 N 78.5 E in Hyderabad city built in 1562 on musi river by Hazrat HussainshahWali, to meet the requirements of water for drinking and irrigation needs of the city. At eastern side of the lake tankbund connects twin cities of both Hyderabad & Secundarabad. Earlier up to 1930 s it was used for the daily needs of people, later on due to rapid development in urbanization as well as industrialization it turns to discharging of waste water without any proper treatment due to heavy loads of pollutants the lake loss the capability of self purification system. In order to restore the capacity self purification system of the lake as well as to promote sustainable development of lake ecosystem proper precautions must be taken to bring down the level pollutant concentration in the lake. Figure 1 Hussain Sagar Lake http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 298 editor@iaeme.com

Water Quality Scenario of Urban Polluted Lakes A Model Study Inlets Outlets Max. Depth Water spread area Total catchment area Direct catchment area Capacity Circumference Surface Elevation Table 1 Detailed description of the Hussainsagar Lake 5 nalas namely Banjara Nala, Picket Nala, Kukatpally Nala, Bala Nagar Nala & Necklace Road Nala. 2 surplus weirs & 4 sluice gates 32 ft. 4.7 square kms. 240 kms. 67 kms. 23.5million cubic meters 14 kms. 1,759ft 2.1. Need of the Study Hussainsagar lake was the major water resource for the both hyderabad and secunderbad, as it the State capital region developed very rapidly in both industrialization as well as urbanization, due to this reason the pollutants load in the discharging nalas increased at maximum with harmful effluents from the nearby industries and the sewage from the domestic needs. The predominant pollutant of sewage like nitrates and phosphates reaches to the bottom of the lake bed and accelerates eutrophication process which creates highly contaminated foul smell in and round the lake, they started percolation in to the ground and slowly started groundwater contamination around the lake zone. Due this there is immediate need of protecting aquatic ecosystem as well as to stop groundwater contamination in and around the lake by keeping this in view this study was initiated for promoting sustainable development at study area. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Identification of water sampling locations Physico chemical analysis of lake water Evaluation of Environmental quality 4. METHODOLOGY The adopted methodology for this study is to assess the condition of the lake with respect to the level of pollutant concentration in it. Suggesting the treatment methods based on the quantity of pollutants. Directing scientific approaches to restore self purification system of the lake. Recommendations to promote sustainable development by protecting aquatic ecosystem at study area. 5. IDENTIFICATION OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS Based on the topographical conditions of the lake as well as the actual scenario that was existed at lake with respect to the public moment and the possibility of water contamination five water sampling stations are identified http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 299 editor@iaeme.com

M. Satish Kumar, M.V. Raju, Hepsibah Palivela and G. Venu Ratna Kumari Table 2 Water sampling Locations S.NO LOCATION CODE 1 Near to Buddha statue L1 2 Near to Lumbini park L2 3 Himayat nagar road side L3 4 At Sanjevaiah park L4 5 Neclace road L5 All the Water samples are collected at a depth of 0.5m in the identified locations of lake and they were collected three times for three months. 6. PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LAKE WATER After collection of water samples analysis was carried out by adopting standard procedures to estimate the pollutant concentration in the lake. Table 3 Water quality analysis in January S.NO PARAMETER UNITS L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 1 P H --- 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.5 2 TDS mg/l 1036 975 934 959 1195 3 COD mg/l 144 955 146 174 115 4 BOD (5 days at 20. C) mg/l 65 54 44 62 48 5 OIL & GREASE mg/l 2.6 1.2 1.6 1.1 2.5 6 AMONICAL NITROGEN mg/l 4.6 6.3 13 26.5 28.51 7 TOTAL SUSPENDED mg/l 204 221 278 244 151 SOLIDS 8 CHLORIDES mg/l 126 126 110 110 120 9 IRON mg/l 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 10 MANGANESE mg/l 0.65 0.29 0.30 0.94 0.89 11 DO mg/l 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.7 1.7 12 NITRATES mg/l 24 13 12 12 14 13 TOTAL NITROGEN mg/l 25 19 26 35 38 14 TOTAL PHOSPHATES mg/l 9.2 2.8 4.5 8.8 8.6 Table 4 Water quality analysis in February S.NO PARAMETER UNITS L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 1 P H --- 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.4 2 TDS mg/l 1029 965 934 964 1106 3 COD mg/l 148 161 138 186 110 4 BOD(5 days at 20. C) mg/l 56 54 51 62 44 5 OIL & GREASE mg/l 3.0 1.1 2.1 1.7 <1.0 6 AMONICAL NITROGEN mg/l 4.2 5.9 10 25 29 7 TOTAL SUSPENDED mg/l 195 228 262 240 155 SOLIDS 8 CHLORIDES mg/l 118 121 108 116 120 9 IRON mg/l 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.08 10 MANGANESE mg/l 0.6 0.35 0.2 0.88 0.84 11 DO mg/l 21.8 2.2 2.4 2.6 1.8 12 NITRATES mg/l 21 14 11 12 14 13 TOTAL NITROGEN mg/l 25 18 26 34 35 14 TOTAL PHOSPHATES mg/l 8.8 3.2 4.06 8.2 7.6 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 300 editor@iaeme.com

Water Quality Scenario of Urban Polluted Lakes A Model Study Table 5 Water quality analysis in March S.NO PARAMETER UNITS L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 1 P H --- 6.8 7.4 7.5 7.1 7.6 2 TDS mg/l 1028 962 944 936 1138 3 COD mg/l 160 161 142 181 122 4 BOD(5 days at 20. C) mg/l 54 55 48 60 44 5 OIL & GREASE mg/l 3.0 1.0 2.0 <1.0 2.0 6 AMONICAL NITROGEN mg/l 4.0 6.0 15 28 27 7 TOTAL SUSPENDED mg/l 182 227 274 248 146 SOLIDS 8 CHLORIDES mg/l 121 122 111 112 120 9 IRON mg/l 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 10 MANGANESE mg/l 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.93 0.8 11 DO mg/l 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.4 1.8 12 NITRATES mg/l 18 13 12 10 11 13 TOTAL NITROGEN mg/l 23 18 26 40 38 14 TOTAL PHOSPHATES mg/l 8.5 3.2 4.8 8.4 8.8 7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS As per the above analysis the values of BOD were observed at high concentration which indicates the presence of considerable pollution in the lake waters, Chlorides of water samples were observed ranging from 108-126 mg/l, Dissolved oxygen was observed in the range of 1.7-21.8 mg/l, Ammonical nitrogen was existed in the range of 4 29 mg/l, Nitrates were in the range of 10-24 mg/l and total phosphates were in the range of 2.8-9.2 mg/l, due to this there is no big evidence of eutrophication. Total suspended solids was existed in the range of 146 278 mg/l at the outset even though the lake was fully contaminated the consistency in the pollutant concentration remains same as there is no big differentiation of physic chemical analysis of lake water during the three months period of analysis due to the less inflow of water as the rain fall intensity during study period is minimum. 8. CONCLUSIONS There should be a perfect monitoring of effluents before they are releasing in to the lakes by concern authorities, effluents must maintain permissible standards before releasing in to the lakes to avoid disturbances to aquatic ecosystem as well as to sustain self purification system of the lake. Proper drainage system must be maintained and sewage must be treated before releasing in to the lake. Awareness must be created among the people on the benefits of lakes to promote sustainable development. REFERENCES [1] Couillard, D., and D.A. Cluis. (1980). Estimation of the downstream river water quality with a pollution land- use data bank. Water Supply and Management 4: 263-268. [2] Basic Information of Hussain Sagar Lake by Hussain Sagar Lake & Catchment Area Development Programme - Hyderabad. [3] An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes S. Suresh, industry, petrochemicals and other industries effluents (Suresh et al., 2012a). [4] Parkin and Calabria (1990) principle of bioreclamation of contaminated ground waters and surface waters. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 301 editor@iaeme.com

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