Make the best of the sun meeting thermal and electrical energy demands Dr. Benedikt Hanke 10.04.2014, Hannover, HMI 2014 Hall 27, Stand D 55
Overview Energy Research in Oldenburg Energy Systems of Buildings Photovoltaic Energy Availability Energy Efficiency and Photovoltaic Probability Energy Profile of a Household Scenario Dimensioning of Energy Storage and Photovoltaics Potential of Thermal use of Photovoltaic Energy Conclusions 2
Energy Research in Oldenburg 3
Tradition of Energy Research in Oldenburg 30 years R&D experience in renewable energy 12 departments in physics, chemistry, informatics, economy Approx. 250 involved researchers 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 4
NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future NEXT ENERGY is an independent research institute at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 5
NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future Organized as non profit association with EWE as main sponsor (founded in 2007 as public private partnership) 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 6
NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future New building since August 2009 with 2.300 m² of laboratory space Over 100 employees in R&D and administration 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 7
Research Topics 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 8
Energy Systems of Buildings 9
Energy Systems of Buildings Classic 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 10
Energy Systems of Buildings Photovoltaic Systems 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 11
Energy Systems of Buildings Battery Storage Systems 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 12
Energy Systems of Buildings Mikro CHP 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 13
Energy Systems of Buildings Power To Heat 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 14
Energy Systems of Buildings Energy Management for Buildings 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 15
Power Flow Overview Classic Renewable / Energy Efficient / Low Carbon 16
Photovoltaic Energy Availability 17
Geographical Variation of Solar Radiation Yearly Sum of Solar Radiation Germany 1981 2010 Statistical Values:» Max.: 1261 kwh/m²/a» Avg.: 1055 kwh/m²/a» Min.: 951 kwh/m²/a 18
Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation 2006 Jan. Feb. März Apr. Mai Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Quelle: DWD 19
Yearly Variation of Solar Radiation July 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Quelle: DWD 20
Yearly Variation of Solar Radiation January 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Quelle: DWD 21
Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production Daily Photovoltaic Energy Profiles of two Years (24.9.2011 23.9.2013) Chaotic Behavior of Single Profiles 22
Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production 23
Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production 24
Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production 25
Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System PV System at NEXT ENERGY, Schott ASI 95, 1140 WP, 147 SO, 7 inclination Time Range from 24.9.2011 to 23.9.2013 26
Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 90 99 80 27
Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System 1 20 40 1 60 80 99 20 40 60 99 Summer» 21 st March 20 th September Winter» 21 st September 20 th March 28
Energy Efficiency and Photovoltaic Probability Vacuum Cleaner 29
EU Directive Energy Demand of Vacuum Cleaners Currently available vacuum cleaners need 3000W and more Customer Thinking: More electrical power equals more suction power Starting Sept. 2014 < 1600 W Starting in 2017 < 900 W Directive includes new label to show suction power of vacuum cleaner independent of the required electrical power Sources: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/g72_1960s.jpg, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/ivacf120_1940s.jpg, http://heise.de/ 2037439 30
Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Photovoltaic System with 4000 W nominal Power Own consumption PV System for single family home Full year probability Influence of the morning vacuum cleaning on the PVsupply of the cleaner 31
Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 99 Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 32
Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Vacuum Cleaner 3000 W 3000 1 10 20 P [W] W min [%] W max [%] 3000 0 5 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 99 Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 33
Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Vacuum Cleaner 1600 W 3000 1600 1 10 20 30 40 P [W] W min [%] W max [%] 3000 0 5 1600 20 45 50 60 70 80 90 99 Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 34
Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power Vacuum Cleaner 900 W 3000 1600 1 10 20 30 40 P [W] W min [%] W max [%] 3000 0 5 1600 20 45 900 35 50 900 50 60 70 80 90 99 Probability of full supply with PV power at identical convenience and investment 35
Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV Power 3000 1600 900 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 99 Typical time of use during the daytime Reduced power demand at constant function, convenience and investment Transparency of functions and convenience Reduced self consumption of photovoltaic energy generated Increased probability of selfsufficiency 36
Energy Profile of a Household Scenario 37
Sample Day Energy Profile Household Load Profile VDI 4655 here: sunny autumn/spring weekday Yearly Energy Demand (electr.) 4.5 MWh 38
Sample Day Energy Profile Photovoltaics Installed Photovoltaic System 4 kw nominal Yearly Energy Production 3.7 MWh Own Consumption ~30% 39
Sample Day Energy Profile Storage Installed Serviceable Storage Capacity 4 kwh Increase Own Consumption to ~65% 40
Sample Day Energy Profile Storage Grid Friendly Grid Friendly Home or: Regulation enforces reduced feed in (relative to nominal power of Photovoltaic System) 41
Sample Day Energy Profile Demand Side Management Move energy demand to times with high pvprobability Include pv power prediction in planning process 42
Dimensioning of Energy Storage and Photovoltaics 43
Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 44
Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 45
Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 46
Influence of the Photvoltaic Energy Production on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 47
Influence of the Photvoltaic Energy Production on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 48
Dimensioning Storage and Photovoltaics Conflict between Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency 99 90 80 80 70 60 50 40 70 30 60 20 20 30 40 50?? Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production! 49
Electrical Profile from Field Measurement Oldenburg, semidetached house, man. 1997, 100 m², 2 adults & 1 child Profile 1 st April 2013 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 50
Potential of Thermal use of Photovoltaic Energy 51
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Oldenburg, semidetached house, man. 1997, 100 m², 2 adults & 1 child Profile 1 st April 2013 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 52
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heat Req. Power Req. 15.045 kwh 2.977 kwh Period 10.2012 9.2013 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 53
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req. 05.11.2013 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 2.977 kwh B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 54
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential 817 kwh/kw P Schott ASI 95 South East 147, 7 decl. Heating Tap Water Power Req. 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 2.977 kwh max out of PV 0 kwh 0 kwh 1.903 kwh Rest 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 1.074 kwh PV Production = Power Req. PV Excess 1.074 kwh 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 55
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req. 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 2.977 kwh max out of PV 0 kwh 640 kwh 1.903 kwh Rest 12.658 kwh 1.747kWh 1.074 kwh PV Production = Power Req. PV Excess 434 kwh 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 56
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req. 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 2.977 kwh max out of PV 67 kwh 640 kwh 1.903 kwh Rest 12.591 kwh 1.747kWh 1.074 kwh PV Production = Power Req. PV Excess 367 kwh 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 57
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req. 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 2.977 kwh max out of PV 466 kwh 874 kwh 2.160 kwh Rest 12.192 kwh 1.513kWh 817 kwh PV Production = 1,5 Power Req. PV Excess 966 kwh 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 58
Thermal use of Photovoltaics Potential Heating Tap Water Power Req. 12.658 kwh 2.387 kwh 2.977 kwh max out of PV 951 kwh 1.075 kwh 2.265 kwh Rest 11.707 kwh 1.312 kwh 712 kwh PV Production = 2 Power Req. PV Excess 1.663 kwh 05.11.2013 B. Hanke Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV Strom 59
Conclusions 60
Conclusions Complex combination of possible home energy systems requires research and tools for dimensioning Known probability of photovoltaic power production allow planning of consumers without knowledge of todays energy production profile Energy efficiency is one important tool to increase self sufficiency and change the energy demand profile Correct dimensioning of photovoltaic and battery storage system is the key to economic feasibility and requires in depth knowledge of the energy profiles Thermal energy requirements can be utilized to make use of excess photovoltaic energy if feed in tariffs drop below gas prices or heat pumps are used 61
NEXT ENERGY Energy Research for the Future 10.04.2014 Dr. B. Hanke Make the best of the sun Hall 27 / Stand D 55 62