MAIN REPORT of SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY (SEBS) AND PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS - ROME Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS Project GCSP/INS/073/JPN) MAIN REPORT of SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY (SEBS) AND PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA) LEMBAGA BANGUN DESA SEJAHTERA

P R E F A C E The SEBS (Socioeconomic Baseline Survey) and PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) conducted by Lembaga Bangun Desa Sejahtera (LBDS) in cooperation with Special Programme for Food Security (GCSP/INS/073/JPN), FAO UN. The main purpose of the survey and PRA is to provide both quantitative and qualitative data of the target beneficiaries (farmers) that can be useful as baseline data and tool a for monitoring and evaluation. The SEBS and PRA were conducted at five provinces whereas the SPFS will be implemented. The provinces are: Jawa Barat (West Java), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Riau, Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), and Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi). The SEBS and PRA were conducted in a very short time, one and half month. Due to the limited time and other resources, LBDS conducted this project cooperated with local NGOs. The PMU staff in Jakarta as well as the district coordinator is very helpful to the implementation of this project. We will state the names helping us very intensively preparing the questionnaire, Mr. Bambang, Dr. Ayi and Mr. Surjadi and also preparing the analysis, Dr. Dwijono. Without noble help from them, this report will not be submitted. This report consists of results of SEBS and PRA at five provinces. The SEBS data were stored in Excel format in CD ROM. The results presented in this report are very brief. We believe this report needs to be improved; any suggestion and corrections to improve this report are very welcome. Jakarta, April 2002 ii Page ii of iv

TABLE OF CONTENT PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENT ii iii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 A Brief Review of SPFS 1 5 B The Implementation of SEBS and PRA 1 5 2 METHODOLOGY 2 A. Socio Economic Baseline Survey (SEBS) A.1. Preparation of the questionnaire 1 12 A.2. Sampling Procedure 1 12 A.3. Survey Implementation 2 12 A.4. Data Analysis Method 6 12 B. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) B.1. Preparation of PRA guideline 6 12 B.2. Coaching of PRA Implementation 7 12 B.3. PRA Implementation 7 12 B.4. Reporting of PRA 8 12 3 RESULTS 3 A. Ciamis, West Java Province 1 17 B. Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan 1 14 C. Rokan Hulu, Riau 1 15 D. Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara 1 15 E. Jeneponto, South Sulawesi 1 15 APPENDIX A. Photos of General Situation of Each Province B. Guideline of Socio Economic Baseline Survey (SEBS) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Separated Book C. Summary Result of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Separated Book iii Page iii of iv

D. Field Report of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Five Province in Separated Book: 1. Field Report of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Ciamis West Java. 2. Field Report of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Barito Kuala South Kalimantan. 3. Field Report of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Rokan Hulu Riau. 4. Field Report of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Central Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. 5. Field Report of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in Jeneponto South Sulawesi. E. Field Report of Socio Economic Baseline Survey (SEBS) in Five Province in Separated Book F Data for of Socio Economic Baseline Survey (SEBS) 1. Code Book For Data Entry in Separated Book 2. Electronic Data Base (CD ROM) I (consists of raw data) 3. Electronic Data Base (CD ROM) II (consists data analysis including table presentation) iv Page iv of iv

1. INTRODUCTION A. Brief Review of SPFS Agriculture is the key economic sector on which a majority of the people depends for their livelihoods. In 1998 this sector employed 45% of the work force. However, agriculture s share of GDP only 15% in 1996 (though rising, due to economic crisis, to 17% in 1999). There are four types of crops grown in Indonesia: (a) rice; (b) secondary food crops; (c) industrial crops such as coconut, tobacco and cotton; and (d) estate crops such as rubber, oil palms, coffee, cocoa, tea, sugarcane and hemp. Despite the attempts to diversify agricultural production, more than half of the agricultural GDP is contributed by food crops. Also, more than 60% of the major food crops are produced in Java. This figure reflects labor productivity in the agriculture sector is relatively low and there exists the need as well as potential for growth intensification and diversification of agriculture. The main successes of Indonesian agricultural development in the last three decades can be identified as: (a) achievement of rice self sufficiency, broadly over the period 1984-1993; (b) rapid growth (approximately 4% p.a) of conventional estate crops (rubber, coconut, coffee, tea) mainly due to area expansion; (c) rapid growth of oil palm and cocoa (approximately 10% p.a) due to area expansion and increase in productivity; (d) rapid growth of high-bred poultry for domestic consumption; and (e) general reduction in rural poverty. Indonesia achieved self-sufficiency of rice production in 1984 through Government effort to increase agriculture production through cropping intensification, and irrigation scheme construction and rehabilitation. Within two decades (1976-1996) this efforts was successfully to boost area harvested for rice from 8,4 million ha increased to 11,6 million ha, and average of yield increased from 2 to 4,4 tons/ha. As a result paddy output increased from 23.3 to 51 million tones. Key success of this program was introduction of high yield varieties and increasing irrigation. However during recent years paddy production shows a declining trend. Currently, Indonesia imports about 3 million tones of rice annually. This amount represents about 10% of domestic consumption. The recent slowdown in rice production growth is the result of: (a) stagnation in the introduction of high yielding rice varieties together with reduced expansion of irrigation; (b) the disincentive of a significant reduction in the rice to fertilizer ratio to about 1.3, and (c) depression of farm gate prices as a result of rice consumption subsidies.

FINAL REPORT OF SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY AND PRA SPFS PROJECT-GCP/INS/073/JPN Special Program for Food Security (SPFS) launched in Indonesia as a response to declining performance of agriculture and food security as impact of economic crisis since 1997 as well as drought related to El Nino. SPFS is a collaborated program between FAO UN (SPFS Project GCSP/INS/073/JPN) and the Government of Indonesia (GOI), under the coordination of the National Agency for Food Security, the Ministry of Agriculture. The overall objective of SPFS is to strengthen food security, revitalize the rural economy and alleviate rural poverty in order to enhance economic and nutritional well being. This objective will be achieved by securing sustainable increases in productivity of major food commodities, expansion of cultivation in terms of new types or varieties of crop, diversification, and promotion of agribusiness and other post harvest value addition activities. These activities will be undertaken with full participation from local communities as well as mobilization of group and community resources. In general the SPFS shall seek models to reaccelerate and sustain the growth of agriculture and food production sector. It is expected that at the end of program the SPFS will: a. Boost, at farm level, productivity of major food commodities including rice, secondary crops, vegetables, fruits, fish and livestock. b. Establish and enhance local institutional capacity for ensuring participation of farmer group and other local organizations in planning and implementation processes and for ownership of the project by participating rural communities. c. Increase area under crop and animal production in under utilized rain-fed, tidalswamp and coastal areas through adoption appropriate technologies to these areas. d. Improve rural incomes and employment through promoting diversification of agriculture production and value addition activities. Immediate Objective The immediate objectives of the SPFS would be to: - Achieve sustainable food security through strengthening the community capacity to participate in planning and management of natural resources; - Intensify crop production and increase food production by introducing, demonstrating and promoting appropriate micro irrigation technologies and practices to farmers, which will intensify and increase crop production and ensure sustainable water soil management; - Strengthen cost recovery from irrigation beneficiaries in direct support to O&M expenditures, encourage efficient use of water resources and support the WATSAL to decrease dependence on government budget for O&M, and increase beneficiary participation; - Modernize water delivery and irrigation infrastructure to enable and support institutional change objectives, new water allocation and delivery practices and more efficient water use; - Diversify farm production and increase household incomes by introducing and promoting intensified livestock and fisheries production; and - Improve quality, promote value addition and increase market access of agricultural products from villages. LBDS 1. Introduction page 2 of 5

FINAL REPORT OF SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY AND PRA SPFS PROJECT-GCP/INS/073/JPN Strategy To accomplish the expected output, key components of the SPFS to be carried out are: - Analysis of constraints for food security; - Water control and management; - Intensification of farming systems; - Diversification of agricultural production. Activities Activities of SPFS will include various activities as follows: 1) Constraints Analysis and Capacity Building - Definition of socio-economic situation at all sites, including individual and community constraints and opportunities to improve food security through establishment of quantitative and qualitative baseline information. - Preparation of detailed annual community action plans for each site. (As part of capacity building, farmer s groups will have been able to organize meetings themselves to discuss common problems and reach consensus for collective action, without outsider facilitation). Empowerment of village women will be promoted by increasing their participation in agricultural production and income generation and by enabling them to improve family nutrition and health. - Assessment reports of the progress and results/impacts of project interventions, through monitoring and evaluation exercise at various levels. Reports would identify constraints and obstacles for wider application of new practices and develop constraints removal plans. 2) Intensify Crop Production - Mobilization of trained farmers, both men and women, in the rural communities to effectively undertake improved water control and management activities and ensure the appropriate operation and maintenance of irrigation works. - Development of sustainable, intensified and diversified crops production systems, including rice and other field crops (cash crops, vegetables and annual fruits), resulting in increased in range and volume of field crops produced in villages, improved food security, higher household incomes and improved diet of villagers. 3) Diversify Production through Developing Intensive Livestock and Fisheries Production System - Increased production and quality of small livestock (chickens, ducks, and pigs) produced in villages and sold into local markets resulting in improved human diets and household incomes. - Increased production and quality of fish produced in village ponds and sold into local markets resulting in improved human diets and household incomes. LBDS 1. Introduction page 3 of 5

FINAL REPORT OF SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY AND PRA SPFS PROJECT-GCP/INS/073/JPN 4) Improve Value and Marketability of Agriculture Products - Improved post-harvest management of crops and increased output of processed crop products with added value and greater market value. - Creation of credit access for on and off-farm income generating activities (including establishment of small-scale village revolving funds in selected villages and/or linking with more formal rural financing facilities). - Increased consumption of nutritious food products in villages to improve human nutrition and health. 5) Strengthen Government Extension Services - Increased knowledge and skills of district staff in agricultural extension methodologies, community development techniques and technological knowledge of improved crop, livestock and fisheries production systems. Target Area Project activities sites in five different provinces representing differing agro-ecological zones: - Java. This is the existing rice granary of the country and benefits, in general, from an established, well-developed irrigation system. The focus of project activity here would be on strengthening existing production systems while looking for ways to diversify and industrialize the rice based rural economy. - Kalimantan. This is a tidal swamp area. The project will attempt to introduce suitable micro irrigation development on about 40 ha and appropriate farming systems in this region. In addition the project will support improvement will be carried out after careful analysis through a study to be supported under the project. - Riau. This province is seen as a future granary of the country where some small and medium scale irrigation schemes have been recently launched. Project activity in this area would assist I irrigation modernization of a small development of water harvesting and micro irrigation on about 40 ha. - West Nusa Tenggara. In these relatively dry uplands area project will attempt to introduce suitable micro irrigation development on about 40 ha and appropriate micro irrigation and water harvesting techniques and establishment of a sustainable croplivestock cycle. Area to support under project for micro irrigation is about 40 ha. - South Sulawesi. Project will attempt to strengthen and diversify agricultural activity in this coastal area. In general, coastal areas tend to have a poorer food security status. The project will support irrigation improvement for an area of 400 ha and improvement to an existing tidal swamp area of about 150 ha. LBDS 1. Introduction page 4 of 5

FINAL REPORT OF SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE SURVEY AND PRA SPFS PROJECT-GCP/INS/073/JPN Institutional Frame Work The Ministry of Agriculture will have overall responsibility for the project with the Agency for Food Security serving as the project secretariat. At the national level a National Steering Committee has already set up chaired by Bappenas, which include Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Public Works, Interior, Finance and other relevant organization. Operational responsibility will rest with Project Management Unit with assistance from National Technical Task Force which its members are official from concerned agencies within Ministry of Agriculture and other relevant agencies. B. The Implementation of SEBS and PRA The implementation of socioeconomic Baseline Survey (SEBS) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in five provinces is to assist SPFS in collecting the baseline data can be used for reference in the implementation and documentation as well as for monitoring purposes. These tasks were scheduled in about one and half months and it were conducted by Lembaga Bangun Desa Sejahtera (LBDS) collaboration with local NGO in five provinces. These tasks result some output such as socioeconomic baseline data and community action plan (CAP) in each project sites. The detail result of SEBS and PRA were presented in Appendix of this main report. LBDS 1. Introduction page 5 of 5