Development and Financing of Renewable Energy Projects in India A Perspective By K.S. Popli Director (Technical) Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited New Delhi ( India )
World primary energy consumption World primary energy consumption fell by 1.1% in 2009 first time since 1982 and consumption of coal was the highest since 1970 Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Proven Oil Reserves Oil reserves in Asia-Pacific Region are the lowest at 3.5% and highest in the Middle-East at 57% Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Proved natural gas reserves Natural Gas reserves in Asia-Pacific Region are only 8.7% with highest reserves in Middle East at 40% Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Proved coal reserves Coal reserves in Asia-Pacific Region is 32% Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Installed Power Capacity - India Total Installed Capacity : 1,71,926 MW GDP Growth : 8% Energy Growth : 6% Captive Capacity : 19.5 GW Per Capita consumption : 730 units Hydro 22% Nuclear 3% Renewables 11% Thermal 64% Thermal 111325 MW Hydro 37367 MW Renewable 18454 MW Nuclear 4780 MW As on February, 2011
Coal production Coal consumption Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Issues and Challenges GDP Growth of 8-9 % To maintain this growth, we require similar growth in availability of power Present power mix dominated by coal based power plants with over 65% share It is expected that Coal shall remain the mainstay in India s power mix in the coming years
Power Sector suffering from huge inefficiencies More than 50% ATC losses Inadequate generation capacity Inadequate transmission and distribution network Lower realisation by SEBs. Therefore, need for reforms in Power Sector brought in by Electricity Act, 2003 Generation sector de-licensed Non-discriminatory provision for use of transmission lines and distribution system Captive users can access grid through open access State transmission utilities to charge for open access and include surcharges for wheeling and cross subsidies
Power Market and Power Trading Electricity Act created a new Industry in India i.e., Power Trading CERCs and SERCs entrusted with the responsibility of promoting power market License required for entering into trading business More than 30 licensed traders and 2 functional power exchanges Current share of power being traded is 9% of total power generated
National Electricity Policy & Tariff Policy SERCs to provide suitable measures for grid connectivity to RE projects Specify percentage of total consumption from such Renewable sources in the area of distribution licensee (RPO) Preferential tariffs to be determined for Renewable energy technologies on cost-plus approach till the time they can compete with conventional power
Challenge for sustainable growth GHG Emissions India is 4 th largest GHG emitter In the Indian context, 40% contribution in the emissions is from the Power Sector (coal based power plants) To reduce GHG emissions and address global concerns on climate change with the GDP growth, Government of India announced the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)
National Action Plan on Climate Change Outlines India s strategy to meet the challenge of Climate Change Eight National Missions, form the core of the National Action Plan, representing multi-pronged, long term and integrate strategies for achieving key goals in the context of climate change. National Solar Mission National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
National Action Plan on Climate Change ( NAPCC )
Thrust on RE in NAPCC National Action Plan for Climate Change envisages 4% contribution by Renewable Energy in the Indian power mix by 2010, to be increased by 1% every year to reach 15% by 2020 This would require cumulative installed RE capacity of more than 100 GW to meet the 15% RPO target
RE Sector in India: Potential and Achievements [As on 31.12.2010] Sector Appx. Potential (MW) Installed Capacity (MW) Wind 45195 13065 Small Hydro (upto 25MW) 15000 2850 Bagasse Cogeneration 5000 1494 Biomass 16881 979 Waste to Energy 2700 72 Solar Power -- 17 Total 84776 18477
RE: Potential and Achievements in India [As on 31.12.2010] 50000 45000 45195 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 13065 15000 16881 10000 5000 0 5000 2850 2700 1494 979 72 Wind Small Hydro Bagasse Cogen Biomass Waste to Energy Ranked 4 th Globally in terms of Installed RE capacity
RE Installed Capacity in India Sectors 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11* Biomass 606 703 866 997 Small Hydro 2180 2430 2735 2939 Wind 8757 10242 11807 13065 Cogeneration 800 1049 1334 1562 W2E 55 59 65 72 Solar - 3 10 18 TOTAL 12398 14486 16817 18654 Annual Increment 2088 2331 1837 (*) Till Dec 2010 In MW
RE Enablers Ministry MNRE Financial Institution IREDA Technical Institutions C-WET, SEC Comprehensive Resource Assessment Wind Atlas/ Solar Radiation Mapping/ Hydro Sites Enabling Legislations Renewable Power Obligations & Preferential feed-in-tariffs Fiscal & Financial Incentives
Wind Sector in India 70% of the installed RE capacity from Wind 5 th Largest in terms of installed Wind capacity Over 7500 MW of manufacturing capacity 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 Wind Installed Capacity (MW) 0 china US Germany Spain India
Wind Program in India Wind Resource Assessment started during 1983-84 900 Wind Monitoring Stations Setting up of Demonstration projects Starting of Private participation in Power sector Introduction of fiscal incentives Indigenous wind turbine manufacturing facilities Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) Gross Potential - 45,000 MW
Stages of Wind Growth in India
Wind Capacity Addition
Reasons for Success of Wind Preferential Tariffs determined on cost-plus basis Financing at easy terms Long term repayment at competitive interest rates Loans upto 70% of project cost Fiscal incentives Accelerated Depreciation Excise duty exemptions, Tax Holiday Resource assessment by C-WET Generation Based Incentive
Centre for Wind Energy Technology To develop & support R&D programs for reliable and cost effective technology Preparation of Wind Energy density map, Wind Atlas and reference wind data To accord type approval/type certification for Wind Electric Generators for installation & operation in the Country Certification of wind data provided by wind monitoring studies carried out by different Agencies Consultancy services for feasibility studies, due diligence, micrositing & preparation of DPRs through State of Art Software Tools
Other RE Technologies 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Cogeneration Small Hydro 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Biomass
Issues with Hydro & Biomass Small Hydro Small entrepreneurs Non-availability of hydrological data Hydro development a state subject Biomass Fuel availability Cost of fuel Competing use
Solar Radiation in India Most parts of India receive good solar radiation 4-7 kwh/sq. m.
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Under the National Action Plan on Climate Change 8 Missions were proposed. In the Prime Minister s words Solar Mission was its centerpiece. National Solar Mission is one of the major global initiatives in promotion of solar energy technologies. To deploy solar technologies on a large scale leading to cost reduction and aiming to achieve grid tariff parity by 2022
Mission Targets Application Segment Phase - I Phase-II Phase- III 2010-13 2013-17 2017-22 Utility grid power 1,000-2,000 MW 4000-10,000 MW 20,000 MW Off- grid Applications 200 MW 1,000 MW 2,000 MW Solar Thermal Collectors Area 7 million Sqm 15 million Sqm 20 million Sqm Manufacturing Base -- -- 4,000-5,000 MW Solar Lighting Systems -- -- 20 million Solar RPO 0.25% -- 3%
Regulatory Framework Tariff for purchase of Solar Power Bundling solar with thermal power Competitive Bidding to select utility scale power projects Solar specific purchase obligations beginning with 0.25%. Interest & Capital Subsidies for Off-Grid Program Grant support for R&D and technology demonstration
Status of Mission Small Solar PV Projects up to 2 MW 78 projects aggregating to 100 MW to be commissioned by Dec 2011 Large Solar PV Projects 5 MW each (Total 500 MW) 13 projects aggregating to 54 MW to be commissioned by October 2011. 30 projects aggregating to 150 MW to be commissioned by March 2012. Remaining 300 MW to be commissioned by March 2013 Large CSP project 500 MW 10 projects of 500 MW to be commissioned by March 2013
Status of schemes Large CSP project 500 MW 10 projects of 500 MW to be commissioned by March 2013 List of Projects: Entity Capacity (in MW) Lanco Infratech limited 100 KVK Energy ventures Private Limited 100 Rajasthan Sun Technique Energy Private Limited 100 Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited 50 Godawari Power and Ispat Limited 50 Corporate Ispat Alloys Limited 50 Aurum Renewable Energy Private Limited 20 Acme Telepower Limited 10 Dalmia Solar Power Limited 10 Entegra Limited 10
Technology Usage Patterns in CSP Solar Thermal Capacity = 500 MW 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 410 MW 50 MW 30 MW 10 MW Solar Tower PTC CLFR Dish-stirling
Tariff Tariff notified by CERC PV INR 17.91/ unit Thermal INR 15.31/ unit Tariff discovered after bidding Solar PV INR 10.95 12.8 /unit Solar Thermal - INR 10.49 12.24 /unit
State Specific Schemes States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Delhi have announced respective Solar Policies Gujarat is promoting the installation of 365 MW Solar PV and 351 MW Solar Thermal projects. Total 34 developers have been shortlisted combined both for Solar PV and Solar thermal. Work initiated on Solar Park in Gujarat (Charanka) with following features: First 500 MW solar power project in Asia Investment of over US $ 3.5 Billion 3000 acres of land, comprising 1000 acres of government wasteland Leasing of plots to companies on 30 year contracts. Arrangements for water, electricity, roads and power transmission
Solar Manufacturing Capacity Solar PV modules: 1000 MW Solar Cells: 400 MW
Solar Energy Centre * Setup in the year 1991 * National test and standardization Centre for solar energy materials, components and systems * Joint collaborative research * Advisory and Consultancy Services to industry and users. * Undertake systems design, engineering and prototype development. * Evaluate new and improved technologies/products/ systems to assess their adaptability to Indian conditions.
IREDA A developmental FI for Renewable Energy Incorporated under the Companies Act on 11th March, 1987 to promote, develop and extend financial assistance for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency/ Conservation Projects. Extend financial support to Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency & Conservation projects
Operational Areas Sectors being financed Hydro Energy Wind Energy Bio-Energy Solar Energy Energy Efficiency & Energy Conservation Administration of MNRE Programs Wind GBI Rooftop Solar Solar Off-grid refinance scheme
Cumulative Performance No of Projects Sanctioned : 1941 Projects Total Loan Sanctions : 3400 Million US$ Loan Disbursements : 1746 Million US$ Sanctioned Power Capacity : 4280 MW Commissioned Capacity : 1977 MW Conventional Fuel Replacement : 1.3 M MTCR/Yr As on March, 2011
Recent International Partnerships KfW, Germany(4 th LoC) : 200 Million AFD (France) : 70 Million Lines of Credit in Pipeline JICA :$ 100 Million ADB :$ 200 Million EIB NIB
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