UTILIZATION SOLAR ENERGY FOR STEAM PRODUCTION

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 8, Issue 5, September - October 2017, pp. 13 18, Article ID: IJARET_08_05_002 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/issues.asp?jtype=ijaret&vtype=8&itype=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 IAEME Publication UTILIZATION SOLAR ENERGY FOR STEAM PRODUCTION Ghanim Kadhim Abdul Sada Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Hayder Mohammad Jaffal Mechanical Engineering Dept., Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Raid Salman Fahad Mechanical Engineering Dept., Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Wael Najm Abdullah Mechanical Engineering Dept., Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq ABSTRACT Solar energy is the most available, clean, and inexpensive source of energy among the other renewable sources of energy. Solar energy it is a source of energy which have high intensity in Iraq (latitude 32 o 36 o N). The average solar radiation is (7 kwh/day) incident on it. The Iraq is focusing on concentrating solar energy because it s one of the words best areas for sunlight. This high solar radiation could be utilized to produce steam and then could be used to produce electricity; because of the climate of Iraq is arid region. This work was deal with utilization of concentrating solar power tower system to produce steam. The solar collectors using mirrors to concentrate heat from the sun upon the receiving tank to produce steam. This work deals with experimental steady to determent the performance of solar tower to produce steam for power generation. Designed and fabricated of a solar tower, consist of a central receiver tank (0.8 m 1.2 m) and 150 heliostat mirrors arranged around it. The central tank was made of galvanized steel. Each heliostat consisted of two (0.5 m 0.5 m) mirror. The results of this work produce steam at temperature 110 C. Large steam quantity could be obtained when using large scale experimental. The results of the work give good indication for application of solar energy to produce power in Iraq. Key words: heliostat mirrors, central tower receiver system, steam production Cite this Article: Ghanim Kadhim Abdul Sada, Hayder Mohammad Jaffal, Raid Salman Fahad, Wael Najm Abdullah, Utilization Solar Energy for Steam Production. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp 13 18. http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/issues.asp?jtype=ijaret&vtype=8&itype=5 http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 13 editor@iaeme.com

Utilization Solar Energy for Steam Production 1. INTRODUCTION Solar energy is the most available, clean, and inexpensive source of energy among the other renewable sources of energy It is effective to renewable electricity technologies. This is because it s easily to supply, when transported as energy from the solar belt of world (such as Iraq) to the population centers [1]. Iraq lies in a hot region. The location of Iraq is at latitude (32 o 36 o N). A great amount of solar radiation with high intensity of solar radiation in average (7kWh/day) is incident on Iraq as shown in fig. 1 [2]. Therefore, many applications of renewable energy can be obtained such as heating, cooling and steam production [3-6]. The high solar radiation could be utilized to produce steam and then could be used power production. The method of using solar energy for produce steam is concentrating central tower receiver system, which is consist of central receiver tank and a number of heliostat mirror arranged around receiver tank to reflected solar energy. The development of thermo solar plants with Central Tower Receivers (CTRs) has started around the 70 s, as well as power tower concentrating (PTC), and during 25 years they were implemented and tested as demonstration models in many countries around the world, particularly in the USA, and Spain [7]. In this work design and fabricate solar central tower consist of a central receiver tank (1.2m 1.8 m ), and 150 heliostat mirrors ( 50cm 50cm )are arranged around receiver tank. The central tank was made of carbon steel. Each heliostat consisted of two (50cm 50cm) mirrors. This system has been shown in figure (2 a.&b). Figure 1 Solar energy incident upon the Iraq s rejoins [2]. http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 14 editor@iaeme.com

Ghanim Kadhim Abdul Sada, Hayder Mohammad Jaffal, Raid Salman Fahad, Wael Najm Abdullah (a) (b) Figure 2 Shown the central receiver tower system. a) Arrangement of heliostat around the central receiver, (b) The high intensity of solar energy. 2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK The central receiver system was located in mechanical engineering dept. faculty of engineering al Mustansiryah University Baghdad- Iraq. Design and fabricate all parts of system these are cylindrical receiver carbon steel tank (1.2m 1.8m), Two holes for connecting pipe are made (1.30 cm).the upper one for steam or hot water, while the bottom one for feed water tank. The tank had fixed on top of a steel structure painted in black. Network of piping system supplied water to receiver tank and carrying hot water or steam from receiver tank to condenser. Condenser was used for condensate steam. Heliostat 150 mirrors (50cm 50cm) were hold upon the steel structure. The steel structure consist of rectangular frame (50cm 100cm) supported at height 65cm on checker plate (60cm 60 cm). The frame is carries two plates (50cm 50cm) of aluminum used as a base to fixed the wood (as insulate) and mirror, were arranged around receiver tank, tilted at 45 o manual tracking flowing the sun path. A set of measuring instrument were fixed in many places such us mirror surface, inlet and outlet of the central receiver tank, and ambient temperature. The project had http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 15 editor@iaeme.com

Utilization Solar Energy for Steam Production run by using water as the working fluid. After arrangement these system, the central tank was filled with water (1500 liter). All the solar radiation that reflected from the mirrors concentrating upon the central receiver tank to heat the water inside it. The experiment work has been started at June 2014, measured temperature of water in receiver tank at each hour recorded at the data logger system. When the solar radiation reflected from the mirror to the receiver tank, the temperature of the water in the tank was gradually increased until all the water temperature exceed the boiling temperature at 118 o C produce steam. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The metrological data of Iraq is given in the following figures; Figure 3 Variation of ambient temperature Vs time (month) in Iraq Figure 4 Solar radiation during the different months in Iraq http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 16 editor@iaeme.com

Ghanim Kadhim Abdul Sada, Hayder Mohammad Jaffal, Raid Salman Fahad, Wael Najm Abdullah The project has been run using water as the working fluid. The tank filled with water 75 % at 38 C. After concentrating the solar radiation to the central receiver tank, the temperature of water inside tank started to increase, the heat accumulated inside water until generated the steam for (July and August 2014) and hot water with high temperature for other months of the year as shown in table (1). Table 1 Results of present work of central receiver tower 2014 June produce hot water 92 o C, July produce steam 110 o C, August produce Steam 118 o C September produce Hot water 95 o C, October produce Hot water 80 o C, November produce Hot water 61 o C, December produce Hot water 45 o C. Fig (5) shown the variation of temperature in the receiver tank during the experimental running time. The system had produce steam at July and august due to high solar intensity during these months of the year hence the steam could be used for power generation. Figure 5 Monthly average temperature of hot water in the storage tank from (June December 2014). 4. CONCLUSIONS We conclusion from this experimental project: 1. It is possible produce steam for power generation from solar energy in Iraq (hot arid region). 2.The highest exit temperature for water occurred in (June, July and August) because the high intensity of solar radiation and long sun shining days. 3. The contribution of solar energy for produce steam will increase by increasing the surface area of mirrors. REFERENCES [1] Frier, D., Cable, R.G., 1999. An overview and operation optimization of the Kramer Junction Solar Electric Generating System. ISES World Congress, Jerusalem, vol. 1, pp. 241 246. [2] Abdulsada G.K. 2012 Energy conservation and Applications, Ph.D. courses Al Mustansiriyah University Iraq http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 17 editor@iaeme.com

Utilization Solar Energy for Steam Production [3] Philibert C., 2005 "The Present and Future Use of Solar Thermal Energy as a Primary Source of Energy", Copyright 2005 by Inter Academy Council All rights Reserved. [4] Lovegrove, K., G Burgess, and J. Pye, A new 500 m2 parabola dish solar concentrator Solar Energy,85, (2011), 620-626. [5] Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA). Radiation Protection Standard: Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Radiation Protection Series No.12. December 2006. [6] Burgess G., M Shortis, A Kearton, and J Garzoli. Photogram try for dish concentrator construction. Solar09, 46th ANZSES Conference, Townsville, 29 Sept 02 Oct, 2009. [7] Remero A. and Eduardo Z. 2007 Energy conversion handbook Plata forma de Almeria by Taylor & Francis croup [8] Srinivasan. V, M. Francis Luther King, Purushothaman T, A Review on Energy Conservation Using Solar Energy and Radiant Cooling, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(8), 2017, pp. 1569 1574. [9] M.R. Kolhe and Dr. P.G. Khot. Alternative Energy: A Special Reference to Solar Energy, International Journal of Management, 6(9), 2015, pp. 29-43. [10] Anto Joseph, Nagarajan, Antony Mary, A Multi Converter Based Pure Solar Energy System with High Efficiency MPPT Controller. International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), 4(4), 2013, pp. 205-212. http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 18 editor@iaeme.com