Solar Thermal Energy

Transcription

1 Solar Thermal Energy

2 Content Fundamentals of Solar Energy Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar Collectors Power Systems from Solar Thermal

3 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Solar energy is the energy gained by capturing light and heat emitted by the Sun. Solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical purposes. All renewable energy except geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun.

4 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Original JPG by Frank van Mierlo

5 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Source: New renewable energy sources, Norway

6 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Sonora surface = 179,355 km 2 1% = 1, km 2 = 1,794.55x 10 6 m 2 State annual average global solar radiation = 5.9 kwh/m 2 /day Solar 1% Sonora = 10,582x10 6 kwh/day Thermoelectric plants produce 3.57 kwh/liter of fuel oil A barrel = 159 liters = kwh/barrel Energy of 1% Sonora surface = 18.64x10 6 barrels/day World Oil Production = 94.5x10 6 barrels/day (October 2014) Mexico Oil Production = 2.33x10 6 barrels/day (February 2015)

7 Fundamentals of Solar Energy Uses of Solar Energy: Architecture and urban planning Agriculture and Horticulture greenhouses Solar lighting Solar Thermal Solar Photovoltaic Generation of electricity with the Sun

8 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar Thermal Energy. Take advantage of the sun's energy to produce heat. Heating a fluid Cooking food (solar cookers) Solar drying Distilled water Heating buildings Cooling buildings (absorption systems) Solar furnaces (casting) Power generation

9 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Passive Solar System. Take advantage of the heat of the Sun without mechanisms or mechanical systems. Some examples are: Heating and cooling of buildings Water heating Natural lighting Natural ventilation (indirect solar)

10 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Heating a fluid Solar collector of liquid (water) Solar collectors heat tubes filled with anti freeze liquid which transfers heat to a storage tank which preheats the water going to a domestic hot water system. This allows the current water heating system at a temperature higher than that of a water well or city... less energy is required to reach its setpoint temperature.

11 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar collector of gases (air) Air is used as a medium for heat transfer rather than a liquid. Solar energy is stored in receivers, which can be filled with gravel, for example. The advantage of this system is the absence of corrosion problems, and, unlike a water trap, the problems associated with the freezing and overheating also avoided. Air is a rapid reaction via heat transfer to the rock and is a cheap storage medium for heat. However, the collectors are not common because of the low storage capacity air and rock.

12 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Cooking food (solar cookers) A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize food or drink.

13 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar drying Solar dryers are devices that use solar energy to dry substances, especially food.

14 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar water distillation A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the Sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film.

15 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Heating buildings

16 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Cooling buildings (absorption systems) Passive Solar Cooling

17 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Solar furnaces (casting) Solar furnace at Odeillo, France

18 Introduction to Solar Thermal Systems Electric power generation

19 Solar Collectors Types of Solar Collectors for Heating Flat Plate Evacuated Tube Type Solar Collectors for Power Generation Parabolic trough Linear Fresnel reflector Parabolic dish (dish Stirling) Solar power tower Solar updraft tower

20 Solar Collectors Flat plate collector (liquid)

21 Solar Collectors Domestic Solar Hot Water (DSHW) Does NOT replace your HW System. There are some applications in certain locations (depending on the needs of the facility) that can generate what they need simply by using a DSHW system but in today s modern age it is not common.

22 Solar Collectors Passive Active

23 Solar Collectors

24 Solar Collectors Flat Plate Collector (Air)

25 Solar Collectors Flat Plate Collector (for pools)

26 Solar Collectors The two, 2' x 20' (80 SF) collectors provide about 80,000 BTU's This lightweight, but heavy duty heating system raises the pool water temperature by approximately 10 F (6 C). Save money on fuel costs and electricity (uses your existing pump). Get more use out of your pool every year by extending the swimming season in the spring and fall.

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28 Solar Collectors Evacuated Tube

29 Solar Collectors Solar Collector Efficiency

30 Power Systems from Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough Collector A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror. The energy of sunlight which enters the mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry is focused along the focal line, where objects are positioned that are intended to be heated.

31 Power Systems from Solar Thermal As of 2014, the largest solar thermal power systems using parabolic trough technology include, the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating System (SEGS) plants in Mojave Desert, California.

32 Power Systems from Solar Thermal Linear Fresnel Reflector Linear Fresnel reflectors use long, thin segments of mirrors to focus sunlight onto a fixed absorber located at a common focal point of the reflectors. These mirrors are capable of concentrating the sun s energy to approximately 30 times its normal intensity. This concentrated energy is transferred through the absorber into some thermal fluid (this is typically oil capable of maintaining liquid state at very high temperatures). The fluid then goes through a heat exchanger to power a steam generator.

33 Power Systems from Solar Thermal Today the largest is located in Murcia, Spain, with 31.4 MW and projected a 300 MW for Florida.

34 Power Systems from Solar Thermal Parabolic Dish (Dish Stirling) A dish Stirling system uses a large, reflective, parabolic dish (similar in shape to a satellite television dish). It focuses all the sunlight that strikes the dish up onto a single point above the dish, where a receiver captures the heat and transforms it into a useful form. Typically the dish is coupled with a Stirling engine in a Dish Stirling System, but also sometimes a steam engine is used. These create rotational kinetic energy that can be converted to electricity using an electric generator. The largest project of this type is in Arizona, USA 1.5 MW.

35 Power Systems from Solar Thermal Solar Power Tower The solar power tower, also known as 'central tower' power plants or 'heliostat' power plants or power towers, is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. It uses an array of flat, movable mirrors (called heliostats) to focus the sun's rays upon a collector tower (the target).

36 Power Systems from Solar Thermal The largest is located in San Bernardino County, California, USA with a capacity of 392 MW. It was completed in February 2014.

37 Power Systems from Solar Thermal

38 Power Systems from Solar Thermal Solar Updraft Tower The solar updraft tower (SUT) is a renewable energy power plant for generating electricity from solar power. Sunshine heats the air beneath a very wide greenhouse like roofed collector structure surrounding the central base of a very tall chimney tower. The resulting convection causes a hot air updraft in the tower by the chimney effect. This airflow drives wind turbines placed in the chimney updraft or around the chimney base to produce electricity.

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