The Development of Green Building in China from the Point of View of GBL Evaluation

The Development of Green Building in China from the Point of View of GBL Evaluation Dr. Li Congxiao Director of Green Building Research Center, Chinese Society for Urban Studies 07.2012

Contents An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Updates of Green Building Evaluation Standards in China Green Building Policy Guidance in China Main Problems in Chinese Green Building Evaluation Caxe Case of Chinese Green Building

Existing Standards in the world Chinese Green Building Label & Evaluation GBL Evaluation Flowchart

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Existing green building evaluation systems in the world 1 The US:LEED 2 The UK:BREEAM 3 Japan:CASBEE 4 Hong Kong:HKBEAM 5 Malaysia:GBI Malaysia 6 Singapore:BCA Green Mark

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Existing green building evaluation systems in the world 7 Germany:DGNB (German system of Sustainable Building Certificate) 8 Australia:Green Star Certification 9 France:HQE 10 Canada:LEED Canada / Green Globes

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Existing green building evaluation systems in the world 11 The Netherlands:BREEAM Netherlands 12 India:Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) 13 Italy:Protocollo Itaca / Green Building Counsil Italia 14 New Zealand:Green Star NZ 15 South Africa :Green Star SA 16 Switzerland:Minergie 17 The UAE :Estidama 18 Mexico:LEED Mexico 19 Brazil:LEED Brasil 20 The Philippines :BERDE / Philippine Green Building Council

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Green building refers to a structure and using process that economizes resources (efficiently using energy, land, water, and materials), protects environment and reduces pollution to the utmost throughout a building s life-cycle; provides healthy, applicable and productivity-improving space; and harmoniously coexists with nature. Evaluation Standard for Green Building GB/T50378-2006 The wide 4-Saving which mainly emphasis on reducing the waste of all kinds of resource Saving Emphasizes on reducing environmental pollution and carbon dioxide emission Environmental Protection Meet the need of utilization, create a healthy and efficient space, reflect the humanistic nature of the building Health The basic meaning of the green building

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Range of Evaluation New construction, expansion and alteration of residential buildings and public buildings (as well as ultrahigh-rise public buildings), including office, shop, hotel buildings and industrial buildings. Label Stage Plan & design stage and operation stage (1-year after completion): Application Time Green Building Design Label the stage after the construction drawings passed the plan approval Green Building Label 1 year after the operation based on the premise of completion and acceptance A sample of Green Building Design Label This two-stage Label setting is the characteristic of Chinese green building evaluation. Why do we set Design Label? 1. Green Building Label requires a relatively long phase; 2. Real estate developers passion may reduce after 1 year of operation, as buildings being sold; 3. The effect of government to promote green building can not appear in time. A sample of Green Building Label

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Evaluation Levels 3 levels (the highest) A Sample of Three-star Green Building Design Label A Sample of Three-star Green Building Label

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Evaluation Evaluation institutions authorized by Chinese government: Chinese Society for Urban Studies (evaluation proportion 50.1% ); MOHURD Science & Technology Promotion Center (19.3%); Local agencies: there are 29 provinces which established the Office of label management and committees of experts for green building evaluation (each region sets an evaluation body which only reviewed one-star, two-star green buildings, the evaluation proportion is 25.1%) to develop the evaluation work for local green building labels. The evaluation is launched by above institutions, who organize evaluation experts of every profession. Evaluated by: National standard GB/T50378, Evaluation Standard for Green Building. This regulation is published in 2006 by MOHURD, the scope only includes public and residential buildings. Based on it there are Technique Rules for Evaluation of Green Skyscrapers(2012); Evaluation Guideline for Green Industrial Building (MOHURD)

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Evaluation Evaluation Framework Framework of evaluation by sub-items is employed in Evaluation Standard for Green Building. The result of evaluation for qualitative covenants is shown with Accepted or Non-accepted ; for the covenant with multiple requirements, it shall be accepted only when each item of requirements is satisfied. (A grading system will be used in the revision version.) Stars Land saving and the outdoor environment (9) Energysaving and energy utilization (5) General Items (40 in total) Water saving and utilization of water resources (7) Materials saving and material resource utilization (6) Indoor environment (5) Operations Management (8) Optional Items (6 in total) 4 2 3 3 2 5 -- 6 3 4 4 3 6 2 7 4 6 5 4 7 4 Requirement on number of options which divide green buildings to different levels (for Residential Building)

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Content of Chinese GBL Evaluation 1 Land saving and outdoor environments Land safety (industrialization process), environmental protection, and pollution avoidance; Land hygiene, without electromagnetism, radon or toxic substances; Build comfortable outdoor environment, indigenous plant, afforest (rate); Land consolidation utilization, indicator of land per capita (urbanization process), utilization of underground space; 4 Materials saving and the material and resources utilization Advocate to adopt the structural system with little impact on environment and resources; Advocate to use recyclable material and reusable material; Advocate integration of construction with decoration; Limit the transportation radius of building materials (70% materials in weight shall be within 500km); 2 Energy saving and energy utilization 3 Water saving and water resources utilization Give consideration to space enclosing structure and energy conservation of equipment system; Presentation of energy conservation in passive way, sunlight, ventilation, lighting and sun-shading; Encourage to use renewable energy sources (Ground Source Heat Pump, photo-thermal and photo-electricity of solar energy); Heat recovery; Encourage to utilize residual heat; Encourage to adopt nontraditional water source, rainwater or resurgent water; Advocate water utilization in efficiency and water saving measures, water saving instruments, and water for recreational environment use in efficiency; Encourage to conduct technical economy analysis before implementation; 5 Indoor environmental quality 6 Operations management Sound insulation requirements; Indoor pollutant control; View; Emphasize on personal regulation of indoor comfort degree; Encourage to employ functional materials of new type; Emphasize on the role of management, important embodiment of energy saving by actions; The chemicals which can adversely influence the environment such as insecticide, herbicide, chemical fertilizer and so on are not recommended; Pay attention to the classification, collection and treatment of trash

1 An Introduction of Chinese Green Building Label (GBL) Evaluation Flowchart Evaluation Steps: Application Submission & Registration Fee Payment Application Submission, Formal / Technique Review, Experts Committee Evaluation, Publicity & Announcement, and Label Certification, etc. Guidance from Department of Building Energy Efficiency and S&T, MOHURD Formal Review Yes Pass (Spot Inspection) Evaluation by the Expert Committee Publicity of Results, Putting on File Without Objection No Fail With Insolvable Objections Result Feedback application material revision application material complement Result Feedback with Evaluation Comments CSUS-GBRC Judgment Announcement & Label Certification

The statistics of evaluation number Geographical distribution Type distribution General technique Implementation effect

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation A General Status of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Number of GBDL and GBL buildings By May of 2012, there had been 471 green building label projects and 3,532 buildings, whose total area reaches 46.53 million m2. Where you can see that gradually speed up the development of China green buildings speed, 2011 is the fastest of the years, new green building area is 346% of 2010. Evaluation by Chinese Society for Urban Studies this year, is up 74% from last year. In 2011, the number of GBL projects had been larger than LEED projects in China. Some Local projects haven t registered in MOHURDD in 2012

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Geographical Distribution Statistic of GBL & GBDL numbers in every province / cities At present, the national green building development is uneven, GBL projects mainly distribute in eastern coastal developed provinces and cities. Sorted by number, top ten respectively, Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Sichuan, and Hubei province.

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Type Distribution Counted by project number Counted by building area Counted by project number Counted by building area

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation General Techniques in China According to the climate divisions, China has five climate types, respectively as tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, monsoon climate of medium latitudes, temperate continental climate, plateau (mountain) climate and thus there are five types of building thermal divisions. As the geography and weather are in great difference from north to south and from east to west, green building construction technologies in different places are with different emphasis.

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Climate Distribution Climate Distribution of GBL & GBDL

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation General Techniques in China GBL Building The selection of green building technologies take practical, reasonable, economic, innovation as basic principle and fully considers the comprehensive effects of the 6 perspectives: 6 major systems WATER Scientific and rational site selection, control the site contamination, optimize the outdoor environment Reduce the energy consumption of building, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, and promote the utilization of renewable energy Use the non-traditional water sources, gather rainwater, and use the water saving appliances Use high-performance materials, optimize the structure design, the integrated design of the construction and decoration Control the sound, light, thermal environment in door to create a comfortable and healthy building space Well-designed intelligent system, and perfect property management

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation According to 138 GBL projects data, we make a statistical analysis for the green technology applied. It can be seen, some techniques are adopted widely: The widely used techniques include: rational development of underground space; outdoor permeable ground; multi-layer green; subentry measures; water saving appliances; rainwater infiltration measures; premixed concrete; the integrated design and build for construction & decoration; intelligent design; household metering and automatic monitoring systems. The less used techniques include: structural system optimization, combined heating cooling and power production system, waste heat or waste heat utilization, energy recovery, and old building use. Note: Source of the chart data came from the construction technology - Green Building Annual Report (2011)

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Introduction of key technology --Energy-saving Measure Thermal insulation retaining structure Natural ventilation and natural lighting Energy-saving Measure Energy-saving devices and green lighting Recycling utilization of Waster heat and exhaust heat Renewable energy applications Skylights Light-guide tube Lighting atrium Insulating glass Heat recovery of air exhaust

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Introduction of key technology nontraditional water source utilization The nontraditional water generally used in China s green building mainly include reclaimed water and rain water. The nontraditional water is mainly used for outdoor landscape irrigation and roads watering, and parts used for indoor toilet-flushing. Basic process of the rainwater treatment in green building

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Introduction of key technology - Comprehensive greening and pavement design Native plants 1. Select native outdoor plant to ensure survival,& reduce maintenance costs; 2. Arrange reasonable shrubs and grass to form multi-layer greening to be full of vitality, and beauty the landscaping Green roofs 1. Improve the outlook of urban environment; 2, Mitigate the atmospheric dust and purify the air; 3. Protect the roof of building to extend the service life of roofing materials; 4, Reduce the indoor temperature; 5. Weaken the noise of the city; 6. Increase air humidity, purify the water; 7. Improve land resource utilization. Permeable ground 1. Provide comfortable and healthy thermal environment of the site; 2. Ease the urban heat island effect; 3. Conserving water and preserving water and soil. The outdoor green and permeable design are easy to achieve, are good solution to land-saving for their low incremental cost and significant improvement effect on the site environment.

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation Introduction of key technology green construction and materials-saving Stage 1 Develop the construction organization and design program and make the budget statement before construction. Stage 2 Strictly operate accordance with the requirements of green construction during construction process. Stage 3 Organize and record the pictures and daily records after construction is completed. Collate the materials balance ticket, construction budget statement, the calculation sheet of the recyclable materials utilization ratio of the building projects. The acceptance work, system debugging and green operating after construction will be the key issues faced by the green building in China.

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation implementation effect of green building Through the analysis of different star green building project, the effect is as follows: Community greening rate reaches to 38%; Average energy saving rate is 58%; Water-saving rate is 15.2%; Recyclable materials rate is 7.7%. Through the development of green buildings, we not only achieve the overall goal of building energy-saving (1 billion tons of coal equivalent) but also reduce industrial energy consumption by material savings. It is predicted there are 300 new green buildings in China each year, it will realize the achievements of saving energy 25.5 billion kwh (equivalent to 876,000 tons of coal) reducing emissions of CO 2 2.298 million ton, saving water resources 90 million ton, 330 million ton of recyclable materials during the 12 th Five-Year" period. (Source: Speech by Dr. Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of housing department and President of CUSU at China green building Meeting)

2 Overview of Chinese Green Building Label Evaluation The incremental cost of green building Public Buildings Residential Buildings Incremental Costs(Yuan/M 2 ) Note: data form China GBC The data above is the incremental costs statistical data of the green building before 2012, presenting a downward trend with the gradually mature green technology and the increasing green products. Different technical routes might cause big difference among the increment cost of green buildings at the same evaluation level, and the achievement of high level stars is not necessarily with high cost. For some green buildings, non-economic and non-low carbon phenomenon comes into being due to excessive greening caused by undue use of green construction technologies. The increment costs of green buildings in different places are different due to the climate and other features. In some places, the building energy efficiency is set up high, and thus the increment cost of green buildings is relatively low. For example, the increment cost of three-star green buildings in Jiangsu Province is about RMB 60/m 2 for residential buildings and 200/m 2 for public buildings.

Issued standards Standards under development Standards in plan

3 Updates of Green Building Evaluation Standards in China Issued standards: National standard Evaluation Standard for Green Building Technical Rules for Green Skyscrapers; Evaluation Standard for Green Construction of Buildings; Evaluation Guidelines for Green Industrial Building; China GBC standard Evaluation Standard for Healthcare Green Building Local standard 14 provinces have issued their own standards according to local conditions by now, and a series of local regulations have been accordingly developed, such as Guild of Material and Equipment Selection of Green Buildings in Tianjin Municipality, Guidelines for Low-Carbon Construction of Hongqiao Business Park in Shanghai (Trial), Guide for Green Building Design of Chongqing Municipality, Technical Regulations for Energy Efficiency Reformation of Existing Residential Buildings in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province: Technical Regulations for Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of Civil Building Project, and Guangzhou Green Building Design Guides.

3 Updates of Green Building Evaluation Standards in China Standards under development (expected to be issued in 2013): National standard Evaluation standard for the green industrial building ; Evaluation Standard for Heahcare Green Building ; Evaluation Standard for Green Office Building; China GBC standard Evaluation Standard for Green Stores Building; Technique Standard for Green Building Testing; Evaluation Standard for Green Campus; Evaluation Standard for Green City Standards in plan: Evaluation Standard for Green Hotel Building, Evaluation Standard for Green Railway Station, Evaluation Standard for Green City, Evaluation Standard for Green Small Town, Evaluation Standard for Green Reconstruction of Existing Buildings Green Building Standard for different climatic regions is also under development, thus a full range of a standard system is expected to be established for the China green building in 2-3 years.

Support from the government The developing direction of green building

4 Green Building Policy Guidance in China State Council The State Council issued the Integrated Work Program of 12th five-year Energysaving and Emission Reduction, which clearly states that to develop green building is the key task of the energy-saving and emission reduction, including: (1)To continue to improve the green building standard system, and encourage the local governments to develop the stricter standard of green building; (2)To enhance the implementation of green building assessment label; (3)To carry out the relevant demonstrations of green building. MOHURD and NDRC Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD ) and The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) have developed the Green Building Action Program, which put forward the concept, goal, basis principles of promoting the green building development, and clearly defines the key tasks and guarantee measures.

4 Green Building Policy Guidance in China MOF and MOHURD Ministry of Finance and MOHURD have jointly issued The Comments on the Implementation for Promoting the Green Building Development in May, 2012, which draws up requirements on green building increment and announces national allowance standard for green building for the first time. To improve the proportion of the green building in new building. In 2020 the green building will account for more than 30% of the new building, and the energy and resource consumption level during the construct and use process of the building will close to or reach to the present level of that in the developed countries. Public housing invested by government must fully implement green building standard, and the newly increased green building area are expected to reach to above 1 billion m 2 in 2015. Reward the green building above 2-star level. The award standard in 2012 is: 45 Yuan/ m 2 for 2-star level green building, 80 Yuan/ m 2 for 3-star level green building (the award amount accounts for nearly 50% of the incremental cost of the residential building). To support the mass development of the green building. The green ecological city whose new buildings fully reach to or above the standard of 1-star level could get 50 million Yuan from central government.

4 Green Building Policy Guidance in China The developing direction of green building Green building complies with the natural developing trend of society. It can be foreseen that green building will grow rapidly during the 12 th and 13 th Five-year. 100/Year 2 300~500/Year Commonweal & regional coerciveness Commercial Voluntary Mess growth 3 1000/Year Commonweal & coerciveness Commercial economic incentive Universalized around China 1 Voluntary application Start-out 10th Five-year 11th Five-year 12th Five-year

Techniques Cost Features

5 Main Problems in Chinese Green Building Evaluation Problems revealed during green building evaluation Technological innovations Integration Cost control Unpredictable implementation (operation) effect Local features More passive energy-saving technologies and optimization measures are expected in the building program to avoiding pilling of active energy-saving measures and technical. The green building technologies of various professions should be harmony enough, otherwise will lead to the unmatched relevant technologies. More consideration should be paid in pre-design phase, which may result the large increase of construction cost after passively adopting the green building technologies. For the buildings having obtained GBDL, it is key issue to guarantee them to be completed in compliance with the design requirements. Local features should be emphasized further.

Residential Green Building Case Public Green Building Case

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects A residential project in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province Green building evaluation result The residential project locates in Suzhou Industrial Park, which includes 15 dwelling buildings and matched public facilities. GBDL (2009) evaluating indicator Building energy-saving ratio Renewable Energy Use ratio Use ratio of nontraditional water source result 87.80% 100% household use ground source heat pump 18.09% Ratio of green area 53.50% Renewable material ratio 10.39% indoor air pollutant consistency property management Match GB50325 Match ISO14001

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology Strategy Thermal insulation retaining structure High energy efficiency building implements Solar photovoltaic generation system solar water heating coupling GSHP Utilization of Nontraditional Water Source Other techniques

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology adopted -- Insulation retaining structure Insulation system of external walls Actual effects of external walls The design adopts the insulation system of external walls (the thickness of XPS is 70mm), LOW-E insulating glass windows with single plastic frame (5mm photopermeability+ 15mm argon + 5mm diaphaneity), building unit sunshade and aluminium alloy sunshade with movable roller shutters. LOW-E insulating glass windows

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology adopted -- High energy efficiency building implements Combined type air treatment units Screw-type water source heat pump units Energy-saving elevators It adopts energy-saving elevators, ground source heat pumps, heat recovery system and ceiling radiation refrigeration heating system etc. Radiat cooling system The air-conditioning system uses heat recovery system and fresh air processing system.

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology adopted Solar photovoltaic generation system Solar street lamps and lawn lamps are appropriate technologies for green housing construction.

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology adopted solar water heating Solar-thermal collectors Statistics related to the hot-water generated by solar thermal collectors and natural gas Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 538.89 584.81 586.99 420.70 518.24 628.31 685.86 624.97 709.15 521.74 641.11 714.38 natural gas 315.61 277.61 233.03 184.20 93.06 63.69 85.64 1.83 46.85 143.86 260.89 317.12 Comparison of hot-water output among all parts month by month The proportion of hot-water produced by solar energy In this project, 78% of the total domestic hot water was produced by the solar thermal collector in 2010.

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology adopted Utilization of Nontraditional Water Source The climate in Suzhou City belongs to north subtropical monsoon climate. The rainfall capacity in this area is 1149mm and the rainfall mainly comes in summer so that Suzhou has natural condition of rainwater use. Water meter The last The current Practical water No. numerical reading numerical reading consumption Time 70092737 0 50 50 Jan. 2011 70092737 50 160 110 Feb. 2011 70092737 160 4200 4040 Mar. 2011 70092737 4200 7500 3300 Apr. 2011 This project is designed by rainwater recycle system to collect rainwater on the roof and the floor. Such rainwater is used to water the greenbelt and supply the landscape pool after it has been disposed.

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Technology adopted Other techniques water purification by constructed wetland radiant ceiling capillary biodegradation of domestic garbage trash classification and recovery (color difference)

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects A public GBL Project in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Information about the project: Technical and economic indicators: The floor space is 1348m 2 ; the total built-up area is 4679m 2, the building height is 18.5m with four aboveground floors. Type of construction: The main body adopts steel frame construction. Main functions: scientific researches, offices, experiments and other matched functions GBDL

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Green Building Science and Technology Adopted Independent control system of temperature and humidity LOW-E glass Automatic-cleaning terracotta panel Wind power generation Air-vent Titanium-zinc board Solar panel Day-lighting tube Aerofoil-type sunshade Titanium-zinc board Wing-shape sun shield Natural vent Water cycle system Ground source heat pump

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Natural ventilation Design 中国建筑科学研究院上海分院绿色与生态建筑研究中心 Temperature distribution inside the building Vector distribution of wind speed on the first floor Vector distribution of wind speed on the second floor Vector distribution of wind speed at vertical section Vector distribution of wind speed on the third floor Vector distribution of wind speed on the fourth floor

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Natural ventilation Design 中国建筑科学研究院上海分院绿色与生态建筑研究中心 Ventilation strategies Ventilation strategies Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning ventilation The situation of heat source and air volume in each room on the second floor PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) distribution on the second floor of the building room Floor area m2 Heat source W/ m2 Supply air rate m3/s Research room 1 49 22 0.448 7.8 Research room 2 49 22 0.452 7.9 Ventilation rate h-1 Research room 3 49 22 0.458 8.0 Research room 4 49 22 0.466 8.2 Research room 5 59 19 0.499 7.2 Research office 6 76 19 0.910 10.3 Research office 7 76 18 0.901 10.2 Computer room8 52 20 0.503 8.3 Distribution of the age of air at the vertical section Digital lab 9 103 19 0.971 8.1 Digital lab 10 103 19 0.955 7.9 Research office 11 52 19 0.513 8.5

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Natural lighting Design Atrium lighting (sunshade-type dual silver LOW-E glass/ soft Amorphous Silicon photovoltaic battery) + side window lighting (western and eastern sunshade-type dual silver LOW-E glass/ northern and southern dual silver LOW-E glass with high photopermeability) + roof lighting by lighting tubes.

6 Cases of Chinese GBL Projects Energy Resources Solar photovoltaic generation: Amorphous Silicon photovoltaic battery at the Atrium Polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic battery on the roof Photovoltaic day-by-day system of ground landscapes Wind power turbine generation: Vertical axis wind-power turbine generating system GSHP W Polycrystalline silicon Photovoltaic battery BIPV Solar Photovoltaic battery E S Front side of the building Photovoltaic optimum arrangement Photovoltaic landscape Annual generated energy produced by renewable energy sources is 41990kW h, which accounts for 14% of the total electricity consumption.

Summary In recent years, the Chinese green building has made rapid and accelerate development and is keeping up the momentum. We would like to learn from the good experiences of foreign countries in the development process. I am looking forward to the in-depth exchange of the green building issues with you experts.

THE 3 RD ANNUAL TROPICAL SUBTROPICAL GREEN BUILDING ALLIANCE CONFERENCE Green Building Research Center Chinese Society for Urban Studies TEL: +86-010 68720069 Fax: +86-010 68722119 Email: gbrc@csus-gbrc.org Website: www.csus-gbrc.org