Supplementary Figure 1 PPAR-γ is dispensable for the development of tissue macrophages in the heart, kidneys, lamina propria and white adipose tissue. Plots show the expression of F4/80 and CD11b (a) or F4/80 and CD11c (b) among CD45 + cells in the indicated organs (LP, lamina propria). Bar graphs display the percentage of cells gated as shown in flow cytometry plots. Data are from one experiment representative of two independent experiments (mean and s.d. of three mice per group).
Supplementary Figure 2 Cd11c-CrePparg fl/fl mice with functionally impaired AMs accumulate apoptotic cells in the bronchoalveolar space. (a) CD11c hi CD11b lo autofluorescence hi Siglec-F + Pparg fl/fl AM and CD11c hi CD11b hi autofluorescence hi Siglec-F + arrested immature AM from Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl mice were sorted by flow cytometry followed by cytospin and Oil Red O staining. Micrographs were taken at 20 magnification. Scale bar = 50 µm. (b) BAL of Pparg fl/fl, Lysm Cre Pparg fl/fl and Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl mice was analyzed by flow cytometry for the presence of dead efluor780 + cells. Representative pictures and plots of three to four mice per group are shown.
Supplementary Figure 3 Cell-autonomous requirement for PPAR-γ during AM development. Mixed BM chimeras (1:4 mixture of CD45.1 + WT:CD45.2 + Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl or CD45.1 + WT:CD45.2 + Pparg fl/fl ) were analyzed as in Fig. 3. (a) Reconstitution ratio in peripheral blood leukocyte populations shown as CD45.2 + fold over CD45.1 + cells. (b-d) Histograms show the levels of CD11b and Siglec-F in CD45.1 + WT and CD45.2 + Pparg fl/fl or CD45.2 + Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl AM in the BAL of the same mouse (b) and the degree of CD11c expression and autofluorescence in the BAL (c) and lung (d). (e) Bar graphs display the frequencies of ef780 + apoptotic AM among CD45.2 + Pparg fl/fl and CD45.2 + Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl cells and their CD45.1 + WT counterparts. Data are from one experiment representative of two independent experiments (mean and s.d. of four chimeras per group, dot plots from one mouse representative of the group).
Supplementary Figure 4 PPAR-γ is required for the maintenance of AM identity. Transcriptomes of Pparg fl/fl AM and arrested immature Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl AM sorted from adult mouse lungs by flow cytometry were analysed by microarray. (a,b) Heat maps representing mrna levels in Pparg fl/fl and Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl AM of peritoneal macrophage signature-up-genes (a) and transcription factors (b). (c,d) Heat maps representing mrna levels in Pparg fl/fl and Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl AM of microglia signature-up-genes (c) and transcription factors (d). The list of signature transcripts was obtained from Reference.
Supplementary Figure 5 PPAR-γ is required for the induction of an AM-specific gene-expression profile and maintenance of AM identity. Transcriptomes of Pparg fl/fl AM and immature arrested Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl AM sorted from 11 days old and adult mice and of pre-am from DAB2 were analysed by microarray. Bar graphs show relative expression levels plotted as log 2 -fold change in Cd11c Cre Pparg fl/fl cells compared to Pparg fl/fl. Effects of Pparg-deficiency on genes involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (a), cytokines and modulators of inflammation (b), chemokines and chemokine receptors (c) and tissue remodeling factors (d).
Supplementary Figure 6 PPAR-γ is dispensable for the development and maintenance of most tissue macrophages. (a) Fetal monocytes were sorted from lungs of the indicated strains on E17.5 and recombination of the Pparg fl/fl alleles was assessed by quantitative realtime PCR on genomic DNA. (b,c) E17.5 WT and Vav1 Cre Pparg fl/fl fetuses were analyzed for the presence of fetal monocytes in the blood (b) and the liver (c). (d) Adult WT and Vav1 Cre Pparg fl/fl mice were analyzed for the presence of macrophages in the indicated organs. Numbers represent the frequencies among total cells (blood), CD11b + CD19 (peritoneum), ef780 CD45 + (brain, liver, perigonadal white adipose tissue (WAT)), ef780 CD45 + CD64 + (kidney), ef780 CD45 + CD64 + autofluorescence + (heart) or ef780 CD45 + CD11b + cells (small intestine lamina propria (LP)). (e) Macrophages were sorted as gated in (d), from the indicated organs of adult WT and Vav1 Cre Pparg fl/fl mice and recombination of the Pparg fl/fl alleles was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR on genomic DNA. Subsets of blood monocytes and peritoneal Mø subsets were pooled, respectively. NS, not significant (Student's t-test). Data are from one experiment (a; mean and s.d. of three to five mice per group), from one experiment representative of two
independent experiments (b,c; dot plots of one mouse per group representative of three mice per group), from one experiment representative of two independent experiments (d; dot plots of one mouse per group representative of five mice per group) or from one experiment (e; mean and s.d. of four mice per group).
PrimerBank ID Baz1a fw: 5'-TCCGCCACTACGATGACTTTT-3' 3236353a1 rev: 5'-GCTTCCTGATACGTCAGTCCA-3' C1qc fw: 5'-GGACGGGCATGATGGACTC-3' 113680119c1 rev: 5'-TTCTGTTTGTATCGGCCCTCC-3' Cidec fw: 5'-ATGGACTACGCCATGAAGTCT-3' 30410022a1 rev: 5'-CGGTGCTAACACGACAGGG-3' Csf2 fw: 5'-ACA TGA CAG CCA GCT ACT AC-3' rev: 5'-TCA AAG GGG ATA TCA GTC AG-3' Csf2ra fw: 5'-CTGCTCTTCTCCACGCTACTG-3' rev: 5'-GAGACTCGCCGGTGTATCC-3' 6753534a1 Csf2rb fw: 5'-GTGGAGCGAAGAGTACACTTG-3' rev: 5'-CCAAAGCGAAGGATCAGGAG-3' 165972512c2 Eef1a1 fw: 5 -TCCACTTGGTCGCTTTGCT-3 G6pdx rev: 5 -CTTCTTGTCCACAGCTTTGATGA-3 fw: 5 -CTACAGGTTCAGATGATGTC-3 rev: 5 -CAGCTTCTCCTTCTCCATTG-3 Krt19 fw: 5'-GACCTAGCCAAGATCCTGAGT-3' 55741635c2 rev: 5'-TCAGCTCCTCAATCCGAGCA-3' Lima fw: 5'-GCTGAAAACCAGTGAAAGCAAA-3' 165905584c3 rev: 5'-GGGCCACTAGACTATTCTCAGT-3' Lmo fw: 5'-TTATTTGGGAATAGCGGTGCTT-3' 239937455c2 rev: 5'-TGTAGTGAAACCGATCTCCCG-3' Lsr fw: 5'-CTCAGGTGTGCCAAGCATCTA-3' 255958260c3 rev: 5'-CTTCTGAAGATACGCTCCCATC-3' Ncoa4 fw: 5'-GAAAAGAGGCTATATCCAGGTGC-3' 77404403c1 rev: 5'-AAGAAGCCACTCACTCAGAGA-3' Pparg Supplementary Table 1 Tubb1 Quantitative PCR primer sequences. fw: 5 -GTGATGGAAGACCACTCGCATT-3 rev: 5 -CCATGAGGGAGTTAGAAGGTTC-3 fw: 5 -GCAGTGCGGCAACCAGAT-3 rev: 5 -AGTGGGATCAATGCCATGCT-3 Wwtr1 fw: 5 -GAAGGTGATGAATCAGCCTCTG-3 270265872c2 rev: 5 -GTTCTGAGTCGGGTGGTTCTG-3 Primers used for quantitative real-time RT-PCR are listed. Sequences obtained from the PrimerBank (Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Harvard Medical School) are accompanied by the PrimerBank IDs.