Water Governance in Spain and Risk Management.

WORLD BANK Workshop on water security Sofia, Bulgaria 18 th -19 th September 2017 Water Governance in Spain and Risk Management. José-Ángel Rodríguez-Cabellos Head of the Planning Office Guadiana River Agency (Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadiana) MINISTRY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT

INDEX 1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN 1.1. HYDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER 1.2. RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES 2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING 2.1. CLIMATE CHANGE IN PLANNING 2.2. WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2.3. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLAN 2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN

Supe Urban water supply demand 5,000 hm 3 1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN 1.1. HIDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER Precipitation & Natural water resources Water Demands Spain has singularities within the EU: Segura Basin 365 mm/year, Almería: 196 mm/year South east more similar to Northern Africa Surface 505.990 km 2 Annual average precipitation 684 mm Annual average runoff 110.000 hm 3 Industry demand 1.500 hm 3 TOTAL DEMAND 31.500 hm 3 Agriculture demand 25,000 hm 3 rficia Groundw later Both

mm Porcentaje de la aportación natural Júcar 1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN 1.1. HIDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER Segura CI Cataluña Ebro Norte II Norte I Galicia Costa Duero Norte III Tajo Guadalquivir Sur Guadiana I Guadiana II mm 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Precipitación Evapotranspiración potencial Evapotranspiración real Escorrentía OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEP (%) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Duero Tajo Guadiana I Sur Segura Júcar Ebro oct nov dic ene feb mar abr may jun jul ago sep Annual average runoff distribution Seasonal average runoff distribution Seasonal average water demand CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES 100 Dams and reservoirs: aprox1200. Storage capacity: approx. 60.000 hm 3 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Regulación natural Regulación actual Reg. natural media Reg. actual media Transfer Sistemas 30 (> 5 hm 3 ; < 350 Hm 3 ) 0 NON CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES Water reuse systems 340 (Mediterranean area and islands) 500 Hm 3 /year. Desalination plants in operation: 700. Potential capacity: 4.5 Hm 3 /day

The big challenge nowadays : 1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN 1.1. HIDROLOGY AND USE OF WATER Achieve the good status of water bodies (WFD) vs Satisfy water demands for economic purposes Drought management Floods management. In a Climate Change situation.

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN 1.2. RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES River Basin Authorities: since 1926 Confederaciones Hidrográficas

1. WATER GOVERNANCE IN SPAIN 1.2. RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES Administrative bodies of the Ministry for Agriculture and Fishing, Food and Environment. Competences: River basin management planning and programmes of measures, Management and control of the Hydraulic Public Domain and water uses (rivers that affect more than one Autonomous Region). Design, construction and operation of main hydraulic infrastructures. Organs for government: Article 26 of Spanish Water Law defines in a River Basin Agency: Key: Public participation in planning and management. Government Board President Participation Organs: Reservoir discharge Commission, Exploitation Boards Users Assembly Management Plan participation Organ: River District water Council Cooperation Organ: Competent Authorities Committee.

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. Planning: Key issue for water management 25 Water Basin Districts = 25 Water Management Plans /Drought Plans/Flood Plans More than ten main Planning Processes in Spain since last third of the XIX century.

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. Planning objectives: 1. Achievement of water bodies good status and HPD protection (new environmental objectives from WFD) 2. Satisfaction of water demands (traditional Spanish Water Planning objective) 3. Balance between: economic development and environmental protection 4. Mitigation of the effects of floods and droughts Different Plans: 1. WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS (Water Framework Directive & Spanish Water Law) 2. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLANS (Spanish Water Law) 3. FLOOD PLANS (Flood Directive)

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.1.CLIMATE CHANGE IN PLANNING. Evidence and climatic projections suggest that water resources will be seriously affected in Spain by climate change. The impacts of climate change will be aggravated in regions affected by frequent droughts, scarcity of water resources (imbalances demand-resources) & higher ratio maximum daily precipitation / mean annual precipitation (floods). Map of risk of scarcity by the index of consumption in the water resources systems (MMA, 2000) Percentage ratio between the maximum daily precipitation and mean annual precipitation Need to evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources through hydrological modelling. Inputs: scenarios of climate change (P, T) Outputs: runoff, evapotranspiration, river inflows, aquifers recharge,..

The National Plan of Adaptation to CC Study of potential effects of climate change on: o Water resources in a natural regime o Water demands (irrigation, urban supply and industry) o Available water resources in the water resources systems. o Max Precipitation & Flows evolution o Ecological status of water bodies. Scenarios of the National Plan Impacts: model SIMPA, ARMA, etc. Inputs: climate scenarios Outputs: monthly maps of river inflows, aquifers recharge, evapotranspiration, (resolution of 1 km x 1km) evolution of the annual runoff. Reduction of runoff: scenario A2: 8% in 2011-2040, 16% in 2041-2070 and 28% in 2071-2100. scenario B2: 8%, 11% and 14%. water demand increase of crops: scenario A2: 3%, 6% and 12% scenario B2: 5%, 6% and 7%. droughts: uncertainties but increase in intensity and frequency (>2 years B2 worse at the end of c. XXI, >3 years A2 worse the second half of c. XXI) floods: no evidence of increase of maximum daily precipitation (MXP maps) 2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.1.CLIMATE CHANGE IN PLANNING. Precipitation 1969 Recharge aquifer 1969 runoff groundwater 1969 Evapotransp. potential 1969 Evapotranspiration 1969 runoff superficial 1969 Humidity soil 1969 Volume aquifer 1969 runoff total 1969 Scenario of emissions A2 (red); B2 (blue). Average of projections in thick line. Source: CEDEX(2010) Variation of the average of runoff (%) period 2011-2040, projections A2. Source: CEDEX(2010) Current Water Exploitation Index (WEI) Water Exploitation Index (WEI) 2041-2070 Scenario A2

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.2. WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING Status of water bodies (monitoring network) Economic studies (economic importance of water use, cost recovery, costeffectiveness, cost-benefit) Study of: o pressures, o impacts, status, Program of measures and Water bodies objectives (good status) WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Environmental Flows Study of water resources surface and groundwater (availability) Restrictions to achieve good status Study of water demand, and balances (water allocation) (current and future according CC) It will estimate the balance between the foresee available water and predictable demands, according climate change scenarios. PROGRAMME OF MEASURES STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTA L ASSESMENT Strategic Environmental Assessment Public participation throughout the process

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.3. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLAN From crisis management (emergency) to risk management (planning) Trigger: drought 1991-1995 Economic impact in irrigation: Alicante 34 M ; Valencia 19 M ; Murcia 18 M ; Castellón 8 M. Employment impact: more than 2 million; lost wages, 84 M. Restrictions (Seville). Law 10/2001 of the National Hydrological Plan. Drought management. Establishing a comprehensive global system of indicators. Development of Drought Management Plans. Objectives: To reduce the frequency and intensity of droughts negative impacts (environmental, social and economic). Articulate and coordinate all issues related to: control, monitoring, follow-up system, risk assessment, decision making, implementation of measures. Analysis of water resources (according WMP). Development of SDP (1) Analysis of water uses and water demands (according WMP). Characterization and analysis of historical droughts.

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.3. SPECIAL DROUGHT PLAN Development of SDP (2) Drought indicators (Rainfall, Streamflow, Reservoirs storage, Groundwater levels, etc.): which objectively assess the level of drought. fast and easy to obtain. easy to interpret (normalization). specific for each system. helpful to progressive implementation of measures Thresholding. 1 0,5 0 Vmin 0,5 Vmed Vmax Measures Strategic measures long term actions, included in the River Basin Management Plan (new infrastructures, modernization of irrigation areas, etc.) Tactic measures short term actions (information campaign, increase monitoring (quantity & WB status) and abstraction control, reduce irrigation quotas, additional resources, etc.) Emergency measures extraordinary actions adapted to affected areas and to gravity of the situation. (hard restrictions for uses, additional resources, rights exchange, monitoring & control, cancelation of fees, environmental flows reduction, etc.) TYPES OF MITIGATION MEASURES Status Normal Pre-alert Alert Emergency Objective Planning Information -control Type of measure Conservation Restrictions Strategic Tactics Emergency

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN Percentage ratio between the maximum daily precipitation and mean annual precipitation Losses due to floods over 800 million euros per year. Compensations paid by the Insurance Compensation Consortium (flood damage) Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be prevented, so we must learn to live with them FLOOD DIRECTIVE Preliminary flood risk assessment Flood hazard maps and risk maps Flood risk management plans

National Mapping System for Flood Prone Areas and its viewer Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment 2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN Hydrological, historical and geomorphological analyses Flood hazard maps Geographical areas which could be flooded according to the following scenarios (input CAUMAX according CC/ DTM like LIDAR / Models: IBER, HEC): High probability: T=10 years Medium probability: T=100 years Low probability: T=500 years For each scenario: The extent of the flood; Water depths or water levels, as appropriate. When appropriate, the flow velocity or the relevant water flow. http://sig.magrama.es/snczi/ Flood risk maps Contents: - Inhabitants potentially affected - Type of economic activity of the area potentially affected - Points of interest (potential pollutant installations, heritage, infrastructures, civil protection facilities, etc.) - Protected areas (abstraction for human consumption, recreational waters, Natura 2000 sites) Crossed information define damage in terms of economic, social & environmental losses Flood risk management plans General objectives in Spain: 1. Increasing awareness and improving self-protection strategies. 2. Enhancing coordination of all stakeholders involved. Responsibility is a shared among all administrations and society. 3. Improving the understanding of flood phenomena, 4. Improve flood forecasting and early warning systems. 5. Enhance land-use and urban planning policies in flood areas. 6. Reduction of flood risk: enhancement infiltration, giving rivers more space, modification or removal of structures with an impact. 7. Improving resilience and reducing vulnerability of goods in floodplain. 8. Enhancing or maintaining, the good status of water bodies by the improvement of their hydro morphological conditions (WFD).

2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN Program of Measures Prevention Protection Land use planning policies Adapting land-uses to the risk of flooding River restoration, Measures to reduce the flow, enhancement of infiltration, including in-channel and floodplain works that restore natural systems, etc. Structural measures (drainage capacity): Construction, modification and/or removal of defensive structures in the riverbed and/or floodplain Flood forecasting and warning Preparedness Civil Protection Emergency event response planning Manage reservoirs Public awareness and preparedness Recovery and review Flood Insurances & financial assistance: Restoration activities (human and material damage), health and mental health supporting actions, etc. Environmental recovery, clean-up activities, etc. Lessons learnt Tipo Presupuesto anual estimado Presupuesto total Porcentaje Prevención 3,488 20,930 33% Protección 6,292 37,754 59% Preparación 0,821 4,925 8% Recuperación - - - TOTAL 10,602 63,609 -

Information provided 2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING. 2.4. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLAN SPANISH AUTOMATIC HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (AHIS) (Early warning system) AHIS Systems provides Real-Time Hydro-Meteorological Information CONTROL POINTS COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK CONTROL CENTER END USERS MISSION-CRITICAL SYSTEM DESIGN INTEROPERABILITY, ROBUSTNESS, SCALABILITY AND MODULARITY Decision Support System: a tool that collects and analyzes Real-Time AHIS data and generates Forecasts RAW DATA DATA PROCESSING RESU LTS 1.- REAL TIME RIVER FLOWS Scada, SIT, SGI, GMAO DSS Distributed hydrological models Hydraulic Models Reservoir Management Module Rainfall combination of data radar/telemetry 2.-RIVER FLOWS FORECAST PREDICTION 3.- ALERTS

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